feat(json2): support altering JSON2 settings (#9029)

* feat(sql): support alter syntax for JSON2 columns

Signed-off-by: fys <fengys1996@gmail.com>

* fix(json2): preserve rows on type hint mismatch during compaction

* refactor(json2): simplify alter settings handling

* fix(json2): preserve coerced values during compaction

* chore: remove unnecessary clone

* chor: reduce memory allocations

* fix: cargo clippy

* chore: update greptime-proto to main branch

* refactor(datatypes): unify string handling with other JSON type hints

* fix: cr

---------

Signed-off-by: fys <fengys1996@gmail.com>

src/common/grpc-expr/src/alter.rs

@@ -24,21 +24,23 @@ use api::v1::{
     SkippingIndexType as PbSkippingIndexType, column_def,
 };
 use common_query::AddColumnLocation;
+use datatypes::json::{JsonSettings, JsonTypeHint};
+use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, FulltextOptions, Schema, SkippingIndexOptions};
 use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};
 use store_api::region_request::{SetRegionOption, UnsetRegionOption};
 use table::metadata::{TableId, TableMeta};
 use table::requests::{
     AddColumnRequest, AlterKind, AlterTableRequest, AnnotationFamily, ModifyColumnTypeRequest,
-    SetDefaultRequest, SetIndexOption, UnsetIndexOption,
+    SetDefaultRequest, SetIndexOption, SetJsonSettingsRequest, UnsetIndexOption,
 };
 
 use crate::error::{
     self, ColumnNotFoundSnafu, InvalidColumnDefSnafu, InvalidIndexOptionSnafu,
-    InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu,
-    InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
-    MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu, MissingFieldSnafu, MissingTableMetaSnafu,
-    MissingTimestampColumnSnafu, Result, UnknownLocationTypeSnafu,
+    InvalidJsonSettingsSnafu, InvalidSetFulltextOptionRequestSnafu,
+    InvalidSetSkippingIndexOptionRequestSnafu, InvalidSetTableOptionRequestSnafu,
+    InvalidUnsetTableOptionRequestSnafu, MissingAlterIndexOptionSnafu, MissingFieldSnafu,
+    MissingTableMetaSnafu, MissingTimestampColumnSnafu, Result, UnknownLocationTypeSnafu,
 };
 
 const LOCATION_TYPE_FIRST: i32 = LocationType::First as i32;
@@ -59,6 +61,34 @@ fn annotation_family_of_keys<'a>(
     })
 }
 
+fn json_settings_from_proto(settings: api::v1::JsonSettings) -> Result<JsonSettings> {
+    let type_hints = settings
+        .type_hints
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|hint| {
+            let data_type = ConcreteDataType::from(
+                ColumnDataTypeWrapper::try_new(hint.data_type, hint.datatype_extension)
+                    .context(error::ColumnDataTypeSnafu)?,
+            );
+
+            Ok(JsonTypeHint {
+                path: hint.path,
+                data_type,
+                // Index configuration is not supported yet, so this is temporarily
+                // hardcoded to false.
+                inverted_index: false,
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+    JsonSettings::try_new(type_hints, settings.max_auto_expanded_paths).map_err(|err| {
+        InvalidJsonSettingsSnafu {
+            err: err.to_string(),
+        }
+        .build()
+    })
+}
+
 /// Returns the annotation family when `kind` is a SET/UNSET whose keys all
 /// belong to one family — the alters that only rewrite table metadata and skip
 /// region dispatch. A mixed batch is an error; never interpret it as "not an
@@ -189,6 +219,17 @@ pub fn alter_expr_to_request(
                 columns: modify_column_type_requests,
             }
         }
+        Kind::SetJsonSettings(set_json_settings) => {
+            let settings = set_json_settings
+                .settings
+                .context(MissingFieldSnafu { field: "settings" })?;
+            AlterKind::SetJsonSettings {
+                request: SetJsonSettingsRequest {
+                    column_name: set_json_settings.column_name,
+                    settings: json_settings_from_proto(settings)?,
+                },
+            }
+        }
         Kind::DropColumns(DropColumns { drop_columns }) => AlterKind::DropColumns {
             names: drop_columns.into_iter().map(|c| c.name).collect(),
         },

src/common/grpc-expr/src/error.rs

@@ -73,6 +73,13 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: api::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Invalid JSON settings: {}", err))]
+    InvalidJsonSettings {
+        err: String,
+        #[snafu(implicit)]
+        location: Location,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Unknown location type: {}", location_type))]
     UnknownLocationType {
         location_type: i32,
@@ -188,6 +195,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             | Error::MissingTimestampColumn { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
             Error::MissingField { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
             Error::InvalidColumnDef { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::InvalidJsonSettings { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
             Error::UnknownLocationType { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
 
             Error::UnknownColumnDataType { .. } | Error::InvalidFulltextIndexColumnType { .. } => {