diff --git a/src/script/src/python.rs b/src/script/src/python.rs
index 877d93257a..f7b1ed77c0 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 mod engine;
 pub mod error;
+pub(crate) mod metric;
 pub(crate) mod utils;
 
 pub use self::engine::{PyEngine, PyScript};
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/engine.rs b/src/script/src/python/engine.rs
index 73bdb7a575..1c497e9c55 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/engine.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/engine.rs
@@ -203,19 +203,19 @@ impl CoprStream {
     ) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut schema = vec![];
         for (ty, name) in copr.return_types.iter().zip(&copr.deco_args.ret_names) {
-            let ty = ty.clone().ok_or(
+            let ty = ty.clone().ok_or_else(|| {
                 PyRuntimeSnafu {
                     msg: "return type not annotated, can't generate schema",
                 }
-                .build(),
-            )?;
+                .build()
+            })?;
             let is_nullable = ty.is_nullable;
-            let ty = ty.datatype.ok_or(
+            let ty = ty.datatype.ok_or_else(|| {
                 PyRuntimeSnafu {
                     msg: "return type not annotated, can't generate schema",
                 }
-                .build(),
-            )?;
+                .build()
+            })?;
             let col_schema = ColumnSchema::new(name, ty, is_nullable);
             schema.push(col_schema);
         }
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/copr.rs b/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/copr.rs
index c62108175c..ce9fc85ad9 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/copr.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/copr.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use std::result::Result as StdResult;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 
 use common_recordbatch::{RecordBatch, RecordBatches};
-use datatypes::arrow::array::Array;
 use datatypes::arrow::compute;
 use datatypes::data_type::{ConcreteDataType, DataType};
 use datatypes::schema::{ColumnSchema, Schema, SchemaRef};
@@ -243,15 +242,14 @@ pub(crate) fn check_args_anno_real_type(
     );
     for (idx, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
         let anno_ty = copr.arg_types[idx].clone();
-        let real_ty = arg.to_arrow_array().data_type().clone();
-        let real_ty = ConcreteDataType::from_arrow_type(&real_ty);
+        let real_ty = arg.data_type();
         let arg_name = arg_names[idx].clone();
-        let col_idx = rb.schema.column_index_by_name(&arg_name).ok_or(
+        let col_idx = rb.schema.column_index_by_name(&arg_name).ok_or_else(|| {
             OtherSnafu {
                 reason: format!("Can't find column by name {arg_name}"),
             }
-            .build(),
-        )?;
+            .build()
+        })?;
         let is_nullable: bool = rb.schema.column_schemas()[col_idx].is_nullable();
         ensure!(
             anno_ty
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/vector.rs b/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/vector.rs
index fa1e0e4a4c..f3e0f8aefc 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/vector.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/ffi_types/vector.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use datatypes::arrow::compute::kernels::{arithmetic, comparison};
 use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::DataType as ArrowDataType;
 use datatypes::arrow::error::Result as ArrowResult;
 use datatypes::data_type::DataType;
-use datatypes::prelude::Value;
+use datatypes::prelude::{ConcreteDataType, Value};
 use datatypes::value::{self, OrderedFloat};
 use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, NullVector, VectorRef};
 #[cfg(feature = "pyo3_backend")]
@@ -136,6 +136,16 @@ impl AsRef<PyVector> for PyVector {
 }
 
 impl PyVector {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn data_type(&self) -> ConcreteDataType {
+        self.vector.data_type()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn arrow_data_type(&self) -> ArrowDataType {
+        self.vector.data_type().as_arrow_type()
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn vector_and(left: &Self, right: &Self) -> Result<Self, String> {
         let left = left.to_arrow_array();
         let right = right.to_arrow_array();
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/metric.rs b/src/script/src/python/metric.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16b6de288f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/script/src/python/metric.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Script engine metrics
+pub static METRIC_RSPY_INIT_ELAPSED: &str = "script.rspy.init_elapsed";
+pub static METRIC_RSPY_EXEC_ELAPSED: &str = "script.rspy.exec_elapsed";
+pub static METRIC_RSPY_EXEC_TOTAL_ELAPSED: &str = "script.rspy.exec_total_elapsed";
+#[cfg(feature = "pyo3_backend")]
+pub static METRIC_PYO3_EXEC_ELAPSED: &str = "script.pyo3.exec_elapsed";
+#[cfg(feature = "pyo3_backend")]
+pub static METRIC_PYO3_INIT_ELAPSED: &str = "script.pyo3.init_elapsed";
+#[cfg(feature = "pyo3_backend")]
+pub static METRIC_PYO3_EXEC_TOTAL_ELAPSED: &str = "script.pyo3.exec_total_elapsed";
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/pyo3/builtins.rs b/src/script/src/python/pyo3/builtins.rs
index 5d1e22a2f0..0c5225bd5b 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/pyo3/builtins.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/pyo3/builtins.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ fn dataframe(py: Python) -> PyResult<PyDataFrame> {
     let globals = get_globals(py)?;
     let df = globals
         .get_item("__dataframe__")
-        .ok_or(PyKeyError::new_err("No __dataframe__ variable is found"))?
+        .ok_or_else(|| PyKeyError::new_err("No __dataframe__ variable is found"))?
         .extract::<PyDataFrame>()?;
     Ok(df)
 }
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub(crate) fn query_engine(py: Python) -> PyResult<PyQueryEngine> {
     let globals = get_globals(py)?;
     let query = globals
         .get_item("__query__")
-        .ok_or(PyKeyError::new_err("No __query__ variable is found"))?
+        .ok_or_else(|| PyKeyError::new_err("No __query__ variable is found"))?
         .extract::<PyQueryEngine>()?;
     Ok(query)
 }
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ macro_rules! bind_aggr_expr {
                         Arc::new(expressions::Column::new(stringify!($EXPR), $idx)) as _,
                     )*
                         stringify!($AGGR_FUNC),
-                        $ARG_TY.to_arrow_array().data_type().to_owned()),
+                        $ARG_TY.arrow_data_type().to_owned()),
                 &[$($ARG.to_arrow_array()),*]
             )
         }
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ fn approx_distinct(py: Python<'_>, v0: &PyVector) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
         expressions::ApproxDistinct::new(
             Arc::new(expressions::Column::new("expr0", 0)) as _,
             "ApproxDistinct",
-            v0.to_arrow_array().data_type().to_owned(),
+            v0.arrow_data_type().to_owned(),
         ),
         &[v0.to_arrow_array()],
     );
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ fn approx_percentile_cont(py: Python<'_>, values: &PyVector, percent: f64) -> Py
                 Arc::new(percent) as _,
             ],
             "ApproxPercentileCont",
-            (values.to_arrow_array().data_type()).to_owned(),
+            values.arrow_data_type().to_owned(),
         )
         .map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(format!("{e:?}")))?,
         &[values.to_arrow_array()],
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/pyo3/copr_impl.rs b/src/script/src/python/pyo3/copr_impl.rs
index 25c8aa4f4c..87a2b6a0bc 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/pyo3/copr_impl.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/pyo3/copr_impl.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch;
+use common_telemetry::timer;
 use datatypes::vectors::{Helper, VectorRef};
 use pyo3::exceptions::{PyRuntimeError, PyValueError};
 use pyo3::types::{PyDict, PyList, PyModule, PyTuple};
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ use snafu::{ensure, Backtrace, GenerateImplicitData, ResultExt};
 use crate::python::error::{self, NewRecordBatchSnafu, OtherSnafu, Result};
 use crate::python::ffi_types::copr::PyQueryEngine;
 use crate::python::ffi_types::{check_args_anno_real_type, select_from_rb, Coprocessor, PyVector};
+use crate::python::metric;
 use crate::python::pyo3::dataframe_impl::PyDataFrame;
 use crate::python::pyo3::utils::{init_cpython_interpreter, pyo3_obj_try_to_typed_val};
 
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ pub(crate) fn pyo3_exec_parsed(
     rb: &Option<RecordBatch>,
     params: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
+    let _t = timer!(metric::METRIC_PYO3_EXEC_TOTAL_ELAPSED);
     // i.e params or use `vector(..)` to construct a PyVector
     let arg_names = &copr.deco_args.arg_names.clone().unwrap_or(vec![]);
     let args: Vec<PyVector> = if let Some(rb) = rb {
@@ -74,6 +77,8 @@ pub(crate) fn pyo3_exec_parsed(
     // Just in case cpython is not inited
     init_cpython_interpreter().unwrap();
     Python::with_gil(|py| -> Result<_> {
+        let _t = timer!(metric::METRIC_PYO3_EXEC_ELAPSED);
+
         let mut cols = (|| -> PyResult<_> {
             let dummy_decorator = "
 # Postponed evaluation of annotations(PEP 563) so annotation can be set freely
@@ -135,7 +140,7 @@ coprocessor = copr
             // could generate a call in python code and use Python::run to run it, just like in RustPython
             // Expect either: a PyVector Or a List/Tuple of PyVector
             py.run(&script, Some(globals), Some(locals))?;
-            let result = locals.get_item("_return_from_coprocessor").ok_or(PyValueError::new_err("Can't find return value of coprocessor function"))?;
+            let result = locals.get_item("_return_from_coprocessor").ok_or_else(|| PyValueError::new_err("Can't find return value of coprocessor function"))?;
 
             let col_len = rb.as_ref().map(|rb| rb.num_rows()).unwrap_or(1);
             py_any_to_vec(result, col_len)
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/pyo3/utils.rs b/src/script/src/python/pyo3/utils.rs
index cdb272193e..1a0c12e86d 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/pyo3/utils.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/pyo3/utils.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 use arrow::pyarrow::PyArrowException;
-use common_telemetry::info;
+use common_telemetry::{info, timer};
 use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
 use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
 use datatypes::arrow::datatypes::DataType as ArrowDataType;
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use pyo3::types::{PyBool, PyFloat, PyInt, PyList, PyTuple};
 
 use crate::python::ffi_types::utils::{collect_diff_types_string, new_item_field};
 use crate::python::ffi_types::PyVector;
+use crate::python::metric;
 use crate::python::pyo3::builtins::greptime_builtins;
 
 /// prevent race condition of init cpython
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ pub(crate) fn to_py_err(err: impl ToString) -> PyErr {
 
 /// init cpython interpreter with `greptime` builtins, if already inited, do nothing
 pub(crate) fn init_cpython_interpreter() -> PyResult<()> {
+    let _t = timer!(metric::METRIC_PYO3_INIT_ELAPSED);
     let mut start = START_PYO3.lock().unwrap();
     if !*start {
         pyo3::append_to_inittab!(greptime_builtins);
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins.rs b/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins.rs
index c2d80f1471..bc0c5ba155 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins.rs
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             ApproxDistinct,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Median,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
         ApproxMedian,
         vm,
         &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-        values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+        values.arrow_data_type(),
         expr0
     );
     }
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
                     Arc::new(percent) as _,
                 ],
                 "ApproxPercentileCont",
-                (values.to_arrow_array().data_type()).clone(),
+                values.arrow_data_type(),
             )
             .map_err(|err| from_df_err(err, vm))?,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             ArrayAgg,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Avg,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Correlation,
             vm,
             &[arg0.to_arrow_array(), arg1.to_arrow_array()],
-            arg0.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            arg0.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0,
             expr1
         );
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Count,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Covariance,
             vm,
             &[arg0.to_arrow_array(), arg1.to_arrow_array()],
-            arg0.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            arg0.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0,
             expr1
         );
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             CovariancePop,
             vm,
             &[arg0.to_arrow_array(), arg1.to_arrow_array()],
-            arg0.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            arg0.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0,
             expr1
         );
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Max,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Min,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Stddev,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             StddevPop,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Sum,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             Variance,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ pub(crate) mod greptime_builtin {
             VariancePop,
             vm,
             &[values.to_arrow_array()],
-            values.to_arrow_array().data_type(),
+            values.arrow_data_type(),
             expr0
         );
     }
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins/test.rs b/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins/test.rs
index e655aa1807..953b9fe0d5 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins/test.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/rspython/builtins/test.rs
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl PyValue {
                 let vec_f64 = vec_f64
                     .as_any()
                     .downcast_ref::<Float64Array>()
-                    .ok_or(format!("Can't cast {vec_f64:#?} to Float64Array!"))?;
+                    .ok_or_else(|| format!("Can't cast {vec_f64:#?} to Float64Array!"))?;
                 let ret = vec_f64.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 if ret.iter().all(|x| x.is_some()) {
                     Ok(Self::FloatVec(
@@ -255,14 +255,14 @@ impl PyValue {
                 let vec_i64 = vec_int
                     .as_any()
                     .downcast_ref::<Int64Array>()
-                    .ok_or(format!("Can't cast {vec_int:#?} to Int64Array!"))?;
+                    .ok_or_else(|| format!("Can't cast {vec_int:#?} to Int64Array!"))?;
                 let ret: Vec<i64> = vec_i64
                     .into_iter()
                     .enumerate()
                     .map(|(idx, v)| {
-                        v.ok_or(format!(
-                            "No null element expected, found one in {idx} position"
-                        ))
+                        v.ok_or_else(|| {
+                            format!("No null element expected, found one in {idx} position")
+                        })
                     })
                     .collect::<Result<_, String>>()?;
                 Ok(Self::IntVec(ret))
diff --git a/src/script/src/python/rspython/copr_impl.rs b/src/script/src/python/rspython/copr_impl.rs
index fdfbc8fcca..b042445592 100644
--- a/src/script/src/python/rspython/copr_impl.rs
+++ b/src/script/src/python/rspython/copr_impl.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::result::Result as StdResult;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use common_recordbatch::RecordBatch;
-use common_telemetry::info;
+use common_telemetry::{info, timer};
 use datatypes::vectors::VectorRef;
 use rustpython_vm::builtins::{PyBaseExceptionRef, PyDict, PyStr, PyTuple};
 use rustpython_vm::class::PyClassImpl;
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt};
 use crate::python::error::{ensure, ret_other_error_with, NewRecordBatchSnafu, OtherSnafu, Result};
 use crate::python::ffi_types::copr::PyQueryEngine;
 use crate::python::ffi_types::{check_args_anno_real_type, select_from_rb, Coprocessor, PyVector};
+use crate::python::metric;
 use crate::python::rspython::builtins::init_greptime_builtins;
 use crate::python::rspython::dataframe_impl::data_frame::set_dataframe_in_scope;
 use crate::python::rspython::dataframe_impl::init_data_frame;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ pub(crate) fn rspy_exec_parsed(
     rb: &Option<RecordBatch>,
     params: &HashMap<String, String>,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
+    let _t = timer!(metric::METRIC_RSPY_EXEC_TOTAL_ELAPSED);
     // 3. get args from `rb`, and cast them into PyVector
     let args: Vec<PyVector> = if let Some(rb) = rb {
         let arg_names = copr.deco_args.arg_names.clone().unwrap_or(vec![]);
@@ -99,6 +101,8 @@ pub(crate) fn exec_with_cached_vm(
     vm: &Arc<Interpreter>,
 ) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
     vm.enter(|vm| -> Result<RecordBatch> {
+        let _t = timer!(metric::METRIC_RSPY_EXEC_ELAPSED);
+
         // set arguments with given name and values
         let scope = vm.new_scope_with_builtins();
         if let Some(rb) = rb {
@@ -184,6 +188,7 @@ fn try_into_columns(
 
 /// init interpreter with type PyVector and Module: greptime
 pub(crate) fn init_interpreter() -> Arc<Interpreter> {
+    let _t = timer!(metric::METRIC_RSPY_INIT_ELAPSED);
     INTERPRETER.with(|i| {
         i.borrow_mut()
             .get_or_insert_with(|| {