diff --git a/src/mito2/Cargo.toml b/src/mito2/Cargo.toml
index 11f31502b1..2de3b3923f 100644
--- a/src/mito2/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/mito2/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ license.workspace = true
 
 [features]
 default = []
-test = ["common-test-util", "log-store", "rstest", "rstest_reuse", "rskafka"]
+test = ["common-test-util", "rstest", "rstest_reuse", "rskafka"]
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ humantime-serde.workspace = true
 index.workspace = true
 itertools.workspace = true
 lazy_static = "1.4"
-log-store = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+log-store = { workspace = true }
 memcomparable = "0.2"
 moka = { workspace = true, features = ["sync", "future"] }
 object-store.workspace = true
diff --git a/src/mito2/src/error.rs b/src/mito2/src/error.rs
index 86b310e1ac..ecaeb0786d 100644
--- a/src/mito2/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/mito2/src/error.rs
@@ -968,6 +968,9 @@ pub enum Error {
 
     #[snafu(display("Manual compaction is override by following operations."))]
     ManualCompactionOverride {},
+
+    #[snafu(display("Incompatible WAL provider change. This is typically caused by changing WAL provider in database config file without completely cleaning existing files. Global provider: {}, region provider: {}", global, region))]
+    IncompatibleWalProviderChange { global: String, region: String },
 }
 
 pub type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
@@ -1114,6 +1117,8 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             }
 
             ManualCompactionOverride {} => StatusCode::Cancelled,
+
+            IncompatibleWalProviderChange { .. } => StatusCode::InvalidArguments,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/mito2/src/region/opener.rs b/src/mito2/src/region/opener.rs
index 2992a475ab..e984c5c5f2 100644
--- a/src/mito2/src/region/opener.rs
+++ b/src/mito2/src/region/opener.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 //! Region opener.
 
+use std::any::TypeId;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicI64;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ use common_telemetry::{debug, error, info, warn};
 use common_wal::options::WalOptions;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use futures::StreamExt;
+use log_store::kafka::log_store::KafkaLogStore;
+use log_store::raft_engine::log_store::RaftEngineLogStore;
 use object_store::manager::ObjectStoreManagerRef;
 use object_store::util::{join_dir, normalize_dir};
 use snafu::{ensure, OptionExt, ResultExt};
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ use store_api::storage::{ColumnId, RegionId};
 use crate::access_layer::AccessLayer;
 use crate::cache::CacheManagerRef;
 use crate::config::MitoConfig;
+use crate::error;
 use crate::error::{
     EmptyRegionDirSnafu, InvalidMetadataSnafu, ObjectStoreNotFoundSnafu, RegionCorruptedSnafu,
     Result, StaleLogEntrySnafu,
@@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ impl RegionOpener {
         // Safety: must be set before calling this method.
         let options = self.options.take().unwrap();
         let object_store = self.object_store(&options.storage)?.clone();
-        let provider = self.provider(&options.wal_options);
+        let provider = self.provider::<S>(&options.wal_options)?;
         let metadata = Arc::new(metadata);
         // Create a manifest manager for this region and writes regions to the manifest file.
         let region_manifest_options = self.manifest_options(config, &options)?;
@@ -297,10 +301,28 @@ impl RegionOpener {
         Ok(region)
     }
 
-    fn provider(&self, wal_options: &WalOptions) -> Provider {
+    fn provider<S: LogStore>(&self, wal_options: &WalOptions) -> Result<Provider> {
         match wal_options {
-            WalOptions::RaftEngine => Provider::raft_engine_provider(self.region_id.as_u64()),
-            WalOptions::Kafka(options) => Provider::kafka_provider(options.topic.to_string()),
+            WalOptions::RaftEngine => {
+                ensure!(
+                    TypeId::of::<RaftEngineLogStore>() == TypeId::of::<S>(),
+                    error::IncompatibleWalProviderChangeSnafu {
+                        global: "`kafka`",
+                        region: "`raft_engine`",
+                    }
+                );
+                Ok(Provider::raft_engine_provider(self.region_id.as_u64()))
+            }
+            WalOptions::Kafka(options) => {
+                ensure!(
+                    TypeId::of::<KafkaLogStore>() == TypeId::of::<S>(),
+                    error::IncompatibleWalProviderChangeSnafu {
+                        global: "`raft_engine`",
+                        region: "`kafka`",
+                    }
+                );
+                Ok(Provider::kafka_provider(options.topic.to_string()))
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -326,7 +348,7 @@ impl RegionOpener {
         let metadata = manifest.metadata.clone();
 
         let region_id = self.region_id;
-        let provider = self.provider(&region_options.wal_options);
+        let provider = self.provider::<S>(&region_options.wal_options)?;
         let wal_entry_reader = self
             .wal_entry_reader
             .take()