diff --git a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
index b89657abd7..c943cba994 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use common_base::Plugins;
-use frontend::frontend::{Frontend, FrontendOptions};
+use frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions;
 use frontend::grpc::GrpcOptions;
 use frontend::influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-use frontend::instance::Instance;
+use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance};
 use frontend::mysql::MysqlOptions;
 use frontend::opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 use frontend::postgres::PostgresOptions;
@@ -94,12 +94,16 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let plugins = Arc::new(load_frontend_plugins(&self.user_provider)?);
         let opts: FrontendOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
-        let instance = Instance::try_new_distributed(&opts, plugins.clone())
+        let mut instance = Instance::try_new_distributed(&opts, plugins.clone())
             .await
             .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
 
-        let mut frontend = Frontend::new(opts, instance, plugins);
-        frontend.start().await.context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
+        instance
+            .build_servers(&opts, plugins)
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+
+        instance.start().await.context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs b/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
index 4675f704a1..d046028709 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ use datanode::datanode::{
     CompactionConfig, Datanode, DatanodeOptions, ObjectStoreConfig, ProcedureConfig, WalConfig,
 };
 use datanode::instance::InstanceRef;
-use frontend::frontend::{Frontend, FrontendOptions};
+use frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions;
 use frontend::grpc::GrpcOptions;
 use frontend::influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-use frontend::instance::Instance as FeInstance;
+use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance};
 use frontend::mysql::MysqlOptions;
 use frontend::opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 use frontend::postgres::PostgresOptions;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
         let mut datanode = Datanode::new(dn_opts.clone())
             .await
             .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
-        let mut frontend = build_frontend(fe_opts, plugins, datanode.get_instance()).await?;
+        let mut frontend = build_frontend(plugins.clone(), datanode.get_instance()).await?;
 
         // Start datanode instance before starting services, to avoid requests come in before internal components are started.
         datanode
@@ -196,6 +196,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
             .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
         info!("Datanode instance started");
 
+        frontend
+            .build_servers(&fe_opts, plugins)
+            .await
+            .context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+
         frontend.start().await.context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -203,14 +208,13 @@ impl StartCommand {
 
 /// Build frontend instance in standalone mode
 async fn build_frontend(
-    fe_opts: FrontendOptions,
     plugins: Arc<Plugins>,
     datanode_instance: InstanceRef,
-) -> Result<Frontend<FeInstance>> {
+) -> Result<FeInstance> {
     let mut frontend_instance = FeInstance::new_standalone(datanode_instance.clone());
     frontend_instance.set_script_handler(datanode_instance);
     frontend_instance.set_plugins(plugins.clone());
-    Ok(Frontend::new(fe_opts, frontend_instance, plugins))
+    Ok(frontend_instance)
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<StartCommand> for FrontendOptions {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/error.rs b/src/frontend/src/error.rs
index 3691504498..99a6b1be10 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/error.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: servers::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to shutdown server, source: {}", source))]
+    ShutdownServer {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: servers::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to parse address {}, source: {}", addr, source))]
     ParseAddr {
         addr: String,
@@ -381,6 +387,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
 
             Error::SqlExecIntercepted { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::StartServer { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::ShutdownServer { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
 
             Error::ParseSql { source } => source.status_code(),
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/frontend.rs b/src/frontend/src/frontend.rs
index da862511fa..b99092134f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/frontend.rs
@@ -12,25 +12,18 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use common_base::Plugins;
 use meta_client::MetaClientOptions;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use servers::http::HttpOptions;
 use servers::Mode;
-use snafu::prelude::*;
 
-use crate::error::{self, Result};
 use crate::grpc::GrpcOptions;
 use crate::influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-use crate::instance::FrontendInstance;
 use crate::mysql::MysqlOptions;
 use crate::opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 use crate::postgres::PostgresOptions;
 use crate::prom::PromOptions;
 use crate::prometheus::PrometheusOptions;
-use crate::server::Services;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
@@ -64,40 +57,6 @@ impl Default for FrontendOptions {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct Frontend<T>
-where
-    T: FrontendInstance,
-{
-    opts: FrontendOptions,
-    instance: Option<T>,
-    plugins: Arc<Plugins>,
-}
-
-impl<T: FrontendInstance> Frontend<T> {
-    pub fn new(opts: FrontendOptions, instance: T, plugins: Arc<Plugins>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            opts,
-            instance: Some(instance),
-            plugins,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub async fn start(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut instance = self
-            .instance
-            .take()
-            .context(error::IllegalFrontendStateSnafu {
-                err_msg: "Frontend instance not initialized",
-            })?;
-        instance.start().await?;
-
-        let instance = Arc::new(instance);
-
-        // TODO(sunng87): merge this into instance
-        Services::start(&self.opts, instance, self.plugins.clone()).await
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/instance.rs b/src/frontend/src/instance.rs
index 0f4cde7f4d..6dd95414ce 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/instance.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/instance.rs
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ use crate::error::{
 use crate::expr_factory::{CreateExprFactoryRef, DefaultCreateExprFactory};
 use crate::frontend::FrontendOptions;
 use crate::instance::standalone::{StandaloneGrpcQueryHandler, StandaloneSqlQueryHandler};
+use crate::server::{start_server, ServerHandlers, Services};
 
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait FrontendInstance:
@@ -106,6 +107,8 @@ pub struct Instance {
     /// plugins: this map holds extensions to customize query or auth
     /// behaviours.
     plugins: Arc<Plugins>,
+
+    servers: Arc<ServerHandlers>,
 }
 
 impl Instance {
@@ -143,7 +146,8 @@ impl Instance {
             sql_handler: dist_instance.clone(),
             grpc_query_handler: dist_instance,
             promql_handler: None,
-            plugins,
+            plugins: plugins.clone(),
+            servers: Arc::new(HashMap::new()),
         })
     }
 
@@ -186,9 +190,21 @@ impl Instance {
             grpc_query_handler: StandaloneGrpcQueryHandler::arc(dn_instance.clone()),
             promql_handler: Some(dn_instance.clone()),
             plugins: Default::default(),
+            servers: Arc::new(HashMap::new()),
         }
     }
 
+    pub async fn build_servers(
+        &mut self,
+        opts: &FrontendOptions,
+        plugins: Arc<Plugins>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let servers = Services::build(opts, Arc::new(self.clone()), plugins).await?;
+        self.servers = Arc::new(servers);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[cfg(test)]
     pub(crate) fn new_distributed(dist_instance: Arc<DistInstance>) -> Self {
         Instance {
@@ -199,6 +215,7 @@ impl Instance {
             grpc_query_handler: dist_instance,
             promql_handler: None,
             plugins: Default::default(),
+            servers: Arc::new(HashMap::new()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -373,13 +390,24 @@ impl Instance {
     pub fn plugins(&self) -> Arc<Plugins> {
         self.plugins.clone()
     }
+
+    pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        futures::future::try_join_all(self.servers.values().map(|server| server.0.shutdown()))
+            .await
+            .context(error::ShutdownServerSnafu)
+            .map(|_| ())
+    }
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
 impl FrontendInstance for Instance {
     async fn start(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         // TODO(hl): Frontend init should move to here
-        Ok(())
+
+        futures::future::try_join_all(self.servers.values().map(start_server))
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartServerSnafu)
+            .map(|_| ())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/server.rs b/src/frontend/src/server.rs
index c6d609e3f8..d6c03e2931 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/server.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ use servers::query_handler::grpc::ServerGrpcQueryHandlerAdaptor;
 use servers::query_handler::sql::ServerSqlQueryHandlerAdaptor;
 use servers::server::Server;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
-use tokio::try_join;
 
 use crate::error::Error::StartServer;
 use crate::error::{self, Result};
@@ -41,19 +41,23 @@ use crate::prometheus::PrometheusOptions;
 
 pub(crate) struct Services;
 
+pub type ServerHandlers = HashMap<String, ServerHandler>;
+
+pub type ServerHandler = (Box<dyn Server>, SocketAddr);
+
 impl Services {
-    pub(crate) async fn start<T>(
+    pub(crate) async fn build<T>(
         opts: &FrontendOptions,
         instance: Arc<T>,
         plugins: Arc<Plugins>,
-    ) -> Result<()>
+    ) -> Result<ServerHandlers>
     where
         T: FrontendInstance,
     {
-        info!("Starting frontend servers");
+        let mut result = Vec::<ServerHandler>::with_capacity(plugins.len());
         let user_provider = plugins.get::<UserProviderRef>().cloned();
 
-        let grpc_server_and_addr = if let Some(opts) = &opts.grpc_options {
+        if let Some(opts) = &opts.grpc_options {
             let grpc_addr = parse_addr(&opts.addr)?;
 
             let grpc_runtime = Arc::new(
@@ -70,12 +74,10 @@ impl Services {
                 grpc_runtime,
             );
 
-            Some((Box::new(grpc_server) as _, grpc_addr))
-        } else {
-            None
+            result.push((Box::new(grpc_server), grpc_addr));
         };
 
-        let mysql_server_and_addr = if let Some(opts) = &opts.mysql_options {
+        if let Some(opts) = &opts.mysql_options {
             let mysql_addr = parse_addr(&opts.addr)?;
 
             let mysql_io_runtime = Arc::new(
@@ -102,13 +104,10 @@ impl Services {
                     opts.reject_no_database.unwrap_or(false),
                 )),
             );
+            result.push((mysql_server, mysql_addr));
+        }
 
-            Some((mysql_server, mysql_addr))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        let postgres_server_and_addr = if let Some(opts) = &opts.postgres_options {
+        if let Some(opts) = &opts.postgres_options {
             let pg_addr = parse_addr(&opts.addr)?;
 
             let pg_io_runtime = Arc::new(
@@ -126,12 +125,12 @@ impl Services {
                 user_provider.clone(),
             )) as Box<dyn Server>;
 
-            Some((pg_server, pg_addr))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
+            result.push((pg_server, pg_addr));
+        }
 
-        let opentsdb_server_and_addr = if let Some(opts) = &opts.opentsdb_options {
+        let mut set_opentsdb_handler = false;
+
+        if let Some(opts) = &opts.opentsdb_options {
             let addr = parse_addr(&opts.addr)?;
 
             let io_runtime = Arc::new(
@@ -144,12 +143,11 @@ impl Services {
 
             let server = OpentsdbServer::create_server(instance.clone(), io_runtime);
 
-            Some((server, addr))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
+            result.push((server, addr));
+            set_opentsdb_handler = true;
+        }
 
-        let http_server_and_addr = if let Some(http_options) = &opts.http_options {
+        if let Some(http_options) = &opts.http_options {
             let http_addr = parse_addr(&http_options.addr)?;
 
             let mut http_server = HttpServer::new(
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ impl Services {
                 http_server.set_user_provider(user_provider);
             }
 
-            if opentsdb_server_and_addr.is_some() {
+            if set_opentsdb_handler {
                 http_server.set_opentsdb_handler(instance.clone());
             }
             if matches!(
@@ -178,34 +176,24 @@ impl Services {
             }
             http_server.set_script_handler(instance.clone());
 
-            Some((Box::new(http_server) as _, http_addr))
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
+            result.push((Box::new(http_server), http_addr));
+        }
 
-        let prom_server_and_addr = if let Some(prom_options) = &opts.prom_options {
+        if let Some(prom_options) = &opts.prom_options {
             let prom_addr = parse_addr(&prom_options.addr)?;
 
-            let mut prom_server = PromServer::create_server(instance.clone());
+            let mut prom_server = PromServer::create_server(instance);
             if let Some(user_provider) = user_provider {
                 prom_server.set_user_provider(user_provider);
             }
 
-            Some((prom_server as _, prom_addr))
-        } else {
-            None
+            result.push((prom_server, prom_addr));
         };
 
-        try_join!(
-            start_server(http_server_and_addr),
-            start_server(grpc_server_and_addr),
-            start_server(mysql_server_and_addr),
-            start_server(postgres_server_and_addr),
-            start_server(opentsdb_server_and_addr),
-            start_server(prom_server_and_addr),
-        )
-        .context(error::StartServerSnafu)?;
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(result
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(server, addr)| (server.name().to_string(), (server, addr)))
+            .collect())
     }
 }
 
@@ -213,13 +201,10 @@ fn parse_addr(addr: &str) -> Result<SocketAddr> {
     addr.parse().context(error::ParseAddrSnafu { addr })
 }
 
-async fn start_server(
-    server_and_addr: Option<(Box<dyn Server>, SocketAddr)>,
+pub async fn start_server(
+    server_and_addr: &(Box<dyn Server>, SocketAddr),
 ) -> servers::error::Result<Option<SocketAddr>> {
-    if let Some((server, addr)) = server_and_addr {
-        info!("Starting server at {}", addr);
-        server.start(addr).await.map(Some)
-    } else {
-        Ok(None)
-    }
+    let (server, addr) = server_and_addr;
+    info!("Starting {} at {}", server.name(), addr);
+    server.start(*addr).await.map(Some)
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/src/grpc.rs b/src/servers/src/grpc.rs
index 39b76018b9..1e09f302ec 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/grpc.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/grpc.rs
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ impl GrpcServer {
     }
 }
 
+pub const GRPC_SERVER: &str = "GRPC_SERVER";
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl Server for GrpcServer {
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -108,4 +110,8 @@ impl Server for GrpcServer {
 
         Ok(addr)
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        GRPC_SERVER
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/src/http.rs b/src/servers/src/http.rs
index 721210453b..219d6733a0 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/http.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/http.rs
@@ -519,6 +519,8 @@ impl HttpServer {
     }
 }
 
+pub const HTTP_SERVER: &str = "HTTP_SERVER";
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl Server for HttpServer {
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -557,6 +559,10 @@ impl Server for HttpServer {
 
         Ok(listening)
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        HTTP_SERVER
+    }
 }
 
 /// handle error middleware
diff --git a/src/servers/src/mysql/server.rs b/src/servers/src/mysql/server.rs
index 4653e66023..8f3f14a339 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/mysql/server.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/mysql/server.rs
@@ -200,6 +200,8 @@ impl MysqlServer {
     }
 }
 
+pub const MYSQL_SERVER: &str = "MYSQL_SERVER";
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl Server for MysqlServer {
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -214,4 +216,8 @@ impl Server for MysqlServer {
         self.base_server.start_with(join_handle).await?;
         Ok(addr)
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        MYSQL_SERVER
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/src/opentsdb.rs b/src/servers/src/opentsdb.rs
index 99504bb255..b6923e6b03 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/opentsdb.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/opentsdb.rs
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ impl OpentsdbServer {
     }
 }
 
+pub const OPENTSDB_SERVER: &str = "OPENTSDB_SERVER";
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl Server for OpentsdbServer {
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -117,4 +119,7 @@ impl Server for OpentsdbServer {
         self.base_server.start_with(join_handle).await?;
         Ok(addr)
     }
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        OPENTSDB_SERVER
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/src/postgres/server.rs b/src/servers/src/postgres/server.rs
index fb57d94869..a9fea0ce8a 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/postgres/server.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/postgres/server.rs
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ impl PostgresServer {
     }
 }
 
+pub const POSTGRES_SERVER: &str = "POSTGRES_SERVER";
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl Server for PostgresServer {
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -118,4 +120,8 @@ impl Server for PostgresServer {
         self.base_server.start_with(join_handle).await?;
         Ok(addr)
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        POSTGRES_SERVER
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/servers/src/prom.rs b/src/servers/src/prom.rs
index 6382f37200..a7ba2568a7 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/prom.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/prom.rs
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ impl PromServer {
     }
 }
 
+pub const PROM_SERVER: &str = "PROM_SERVER";
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl Server for PromServer {
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
@@ -146,6 +148,10 @@ impl Server for PromServer {
 
         Ok(listening)
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        PROM_SERVER
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, JsonSchema)]
diff --git a/src/servers/src/server.rs b/src/servers/src/server.rs
index e2a264c96e..e91fbe5085 100644
--- a/src/servers/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/servers/src/server.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::error::{self, Result};
 pub(crate) type AbortableStream = Abortable<TcpListenerStream>;
 
 #[async_trait]
-pub trait Server: Send {
+pub trait Server: Send + Sync {
     /// Shutdown the server gracefully.
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()>;
 
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ pub trait Server: Send {
     ///
     /// Caller should ensure `start()` is only invoked once.
     async fn start(&self, listening: SocketAddr) -> Result<SocketAddr>;
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str;
 }
 
 struct AcceptTask {
diff --git a/src/servers/tests/grpc/mod.rs b/src/servers/tests/grpc/mod.rs
index e4a6606b63..38da7fb48f 100644
--- a/src/servers/tests/grpc/mod.rs
+++ b/src/servers/tests/grpc/mod.rs
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ impl Server for MockGrpcServer {
 
         Ok(addr)
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "MockGrpcServer"
+    }
 }
 
 fn create_grpc_server(table: MemTable) -> Result<Arc<dyn Server>> {