diff --git a/src/cmd/src/bin/greptime.rs b/src/cmd/src/bin/greptime.rs
index b532c4d088..e16dc6a559 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/bin/greptime.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/bin/greptime.rs
@@ -30,9 +30,39 @@ struct Command {
     subcmd: SubCommand,
 }
 
+pub enum Application {
+    Datanode(datanode::Instance),
+    Frontend(frontend::Instance),
+    Metasrv(metasrv::Instance),
+    Standalone(standalone::Instance),
+    Cli(cli::Instance),
+}
+
+impl Application {
+    async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Application::Datanode(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Frontend(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Metasrv(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Standalone(instance) => instance.run().await,
+            Application::Cli(instance) => instance.run().await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Application::Datanode(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Frontend(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Metasrv(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Standalone(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+            Application::Cli(instance) => instance.stop().await,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Command {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Application> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -51,13 +81,28 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Application> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Datanode(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Frontend(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Metasrv(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Standalone(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
-            SubCommand::Cli(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Datanode(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Datanode(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Frontend(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Frontend(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Metasrv(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Metasrv(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Standalone(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Standalone(app))
+            }
+            SubCommand::Cli(cmd) => {
+                let app = cmd.build().await?;
+                Ok(Application::Cli(app))
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -104,13 +149,18 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     common_telemetry::init_default_metrics_recorder();
     let _guard = common_telemetry::init_global_logging(app_name, log_dir, log_level, false);
 
+    let mut app = cmd.build().await?;
+
     tokio::select! {
-        result = cmd.run() => {
+        result = app.run() => {
             if let Err(err) = result {
                 error!(err; "Fatal error occurs!");
             }
         }
         _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {
+            if let Err(err) = app.stop().await {
+                error!(err; "Fatal error occurs!");
+            }
             info!("Goodbye!");
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/cli.rs b/src/cmd/src/cli.rs
index dbabaf8e60..0563dcc120 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/cli.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/cli.rs
@@ -17,10 +17,25 @@ mod helper;
 mod repl;
 
 use clap::Parser;
-use repl::Repl;
+pub use repl::Repl;
 
 use crate::error::Result;
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    repl: Repl,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.repl.run().await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: handle cli shutdown
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -28,8 +43,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.cmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.cmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -39,9 +54,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Attach(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Attach(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -57,8 +72,8 @@ pub(crate) struct AttachCommand {
 }
 
 impl AttachCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut repl = Repl::try_new(&self).await?;
-        repl.run().await
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        let repl = Repl::try_new(&self).await?;
+        Ok(Instance { repl })
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/cli/repl.rs b/src/cmd/src/cli/repl.rs
index 144f3ac410..aa77df8e22 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/cli/repl.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/cli/repl.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ use crate::error::{
 };
 
 /// Captures the state of the repl, gathers commands and executes them one by one
-pub(crate) struct Repl {
+pub struct Repl {
     /// Rustyline editor for interacting with user on command line
     rl: Editor<RustylineHelper>,
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/datanode.rs b/src/cmd/src/datanode.rs
index 405dc36f5d..1aa095e21b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/datanode.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/datanode.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,21 @@ use snafu::ResultExt;
 use crate::error::{Error, MissingConfigSnafu, Result, StartDatanodeSnafu};
 use crate::toml_loader;
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    datanode: Datanode,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.datanode.start().await.context(StartDatanodeSnafu)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: handle datanode shutdown
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -31,8 +46,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -42,9 +57,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -72,19 +87,16 @@ struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         logging::info!("Datanode start command: {:#?}", self);
 
         let opts: DatanodeOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
         logging::info!("Datanode options: {:#?}", opts);
 
-        Datanode::new(opts)
-            .await
-            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?
-            .start()
-            .await
-            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)
+        let datanode = Datanode::new(opts).await.context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(Instance { datanode })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/error.rs b/src/cmd/src/error.rs
index 9a7c083c75..a4b42c7fda 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/error.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ pub enum Error {
         source: frontend::error::Error,
     },
 
+    #[snafu(display("Failed to build meta server, source: {}", source))]
+    BuildMetaServer {
+        #[snafu(backtrace)]
+        source: meta_srv::error::Error,
+    },
+
     #[snafu(display("Failed to start meta server, source: {}", source))]
     StartMetaServer {
         #[snafu(backtrace)]
@@ -138,6 +144,7 @@ impl ErrorExt for Error {
             Error::StartDatanode { source } => source.status_code(),
             Error::StartFrontend { source } => source.status_code(),
             Error::StartMetaServer { source } => source.status_code(),
+            Error::BuildMetaServer { source } => source.status_code(),
             Error::UnsupportedSelectorType { source, .. } => source.status_code(),
             Error::ReadConfig { .. } | Error::ParseConfig { .. } | Error::MissingConfig { .. } => {
                 StatusCode::InvalidArguments
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
index c943cba994..b98fdda97d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use common_base::Plugins;
 use frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions;
 use frontend::grpc::GrpcOptions;
 use frontend::influxdb::InfluxdbOptions;
-use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance};
+use frontend::instance::{FrontendInstance, Instance as FeInstance};
 use frontend::mysql::MysqlOptions;
 use frontend::opentsdb::OpentsdbOptions;
 use frontend::postgres::PostgresOptions;
@@ -34,6 +34,24 @@ use snafu::ResultExt;
 use crate::error::{self, IllegalAuthConfigSnafu, Result};
 use crate::toml_loader;
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    frontend: FeInstance,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.frontend
+            .start()
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: handle frontend shutdown
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -41,8 +59,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -52,9 +70,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -90,11 +108,11 @@ pub struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         let plugins = Arc::new(load_frontend_plugins(&self.user_provider)?);
         let opts: FrontendOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
-        let mut instance = Instance::try_new_distributed(&opts, plugins.clone())
+        let mut instance = FeInstance::try_new_distributed(&opts, plugins.clone())
             .await
             .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
 
@@ -103,7 +121,7 @@ impl StartCommand {
             .await
             .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
 
-        instance.start().await.context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
+        Ok(Instance { frontend: instance })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs b/src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs
index 8151d3b3f4..ab46f6f09b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/metasrv.rs
@@ -14,13 +14,32 @@
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use common_telemetry::{info, logging, warn};
-use meta_srv::bootstrap;
+use meta_srv::bootstrap::MetaSrvInstance;
 use meta_srv::metasrv::MetaSrvOptions;
 use snafu::ResultExt;
 
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::{error, toml_loader};
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    instance: MetaSrvInstance,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.instance
+            .start()
+            .await
+            .context(error::StartMetaServerSnafu)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: handle metasrv shutdown
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 pub struct Command {
     #[clap(subcommand)]
@@ -28,8 +47,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -39,9 +58,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -63,16 +82,17 @@ struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         logging::info!("MetaSrv start command: {:#?}", self);
 
         let opts: MetaSrvOptions = self.try_into()?;
 
         logging::info!("MetaSrv options: {:#?}", opts);
-
-        bootstrap::bootstrap_meta_srv(opts)
+        let instance = MetaSrvInstance::new(opts)
             .await
-            .context(error::StartMetaServerSnafu)
+            .context(error::BuildMetaServerSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(Instance { instance })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs b/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
index d046028709..1d53ca7b0f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/standalone.rs
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ pub struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
-        self.subcmd.run().await
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
+        self.subcmd.build().await
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.run().await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build().await,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -133,6 +133,30 @@ impl StandaloneOptions {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct Instance {
+    datanode: Datanode,
+    frontend: FeInstance,
+}
+
+impl Instance {
+    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        // Start datanode instance before starting services, to avoid requests come in before internal components are started.
+        self.datanode
+            .start_instance()
+            .await
+            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
+        info!("Datanode instance started");
+
+        self.frontend.start().await.context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: handle standalone shutdown
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Parser)]
 struct StartCommand {
     #[clap(long)]
@@ -164,7 +188,7 @@ struct StartCommand {
 }
 
 impl StartCommand {
-    async fn run(self) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn build(self) -> Result<Instance> {
         let enable_memory_catalog = self.enable_memory_catalog;
         let config_file = self.config_file.clone();
         let plugins = Arc::new(load_frontend_plugins(&self.user_provider)?);
@@ -184,25 +208,18 @@ impl StartCommand {
             fe_opts, dn_opts
         );
 
-        let mut datanode = Datanode::new(dn_opts.clone())
+        let datanode = Datanode::new(dn_opts.clone())
             .await
             .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
-        let mut frontend = build_frontend(plugins.clone(), datanode.get_instance()).await?;
 
-        // Start datanode instance before starting services, to avoid requests come in before internal components are started.
-        datanode
-            .start_instance()
-            .await
-            .context(StartDatanodeSnafu)?;
-        info!("Datanode instance started");
+        let mut frontend = build_frontend(plugins.clone(), datanode.get_instance()).await?;
 
         frontend
             .build_servers(&fe_opts, plugins)
             .await
             .context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
 
-        frontend.start().await.context(StartFrontendSnafu)?;
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(Instance { datanode, frontend })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/meta-srv/src/bootstrap.rs b/src/meta-srv/src/bootstrap.rs
index 7749470019..c075b12ec9 100644
--- a/src/meta-srv/src/bootstrap.rs
+++ b/src/meta-srv/src/bootstrap.rs
@@ -39,18 +39,45 @@ use crate::service::store::kv::ResettableKvStoreRef;
 use crate::service::store::memory::MemStore;
 use crate::{error, Result};
 
-// Bootstrap the rpc server to serve incoming request
-pub async fn bootstrap_meta_srv(opts: MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<()> {
-    let meta_srv = make_meta_srv(opts.clone()).await?;
-    bootstrap_meta_srv_with_router(opts, router(meta_srv)).await
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MetaSrvInstance {
+    meta_srv: MetaSrv,
+
+    opts: MetaSrvOptions,
 }
 
-pub async fn bootstrap_meta_srv_with_router(opts: MetaSrvOptions, router: Router) -> Result<()> {
-    let listener = TcpListener::bind(&opts.bind_addr)
+impl MetaSrvInstance {
+    pub async fn new(opts: MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<MetaSrvInstance> {
+        let meta_srv = build_meta_srv(&opts).await?;
+
+        Ok(MetaSrvInstance { meta_srv, opts })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.meta_srv.start().await;
+        bootstrap_meta_srv_with_router(&self.opts.bind_addr, router(self.meta_srv.clone())).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: shutdown the router
+        self.meta_srv.shutdown();
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// Bootstrap the rpc server to serve incoming request
+pub async fn bootstrap_meta_srv(opts: MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<()> {
+    let meta_srv = make_meta_srv(&opts).await?;
+    bootstrap_meta_srv_with_router(&opts.bind_addr, router(meta_srv)).await
+}
+
+pub async fn bootstrap_meta_srv_with_router(bind_addr: &str, router: Router) -> Result<()> {
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind(bind_addr)
         .await
-        .context(error::TcpBindSnafu {
-            addr: &opts.bind_addr,
-        })?;
+        .context(error::TcpBindSnafu { addr: bind_addr })?;
     let listener = TcpListenerStream::new(listener);
 
     router
@@ -72,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn router(meta_srv: MetaSrv) -> Router {
         .add_service(admin::make_admin_service(meta_srv))
 }
 
-pub async fn make_meta_srv(opts: MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<MetaSrv> {
+pub async fn build_meta_srv(opts: &MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<MetaSrv> {
     let (kv_store, election, lock) = if opts.use_memory_store {
         (Arc::new(MemStore::new()) as _, None, None)
     } else {
@@ -107,7 +134,7 @@ pub async fn make_meta_srv(opts: MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<MetaSrv> {
     };
 
     let meta_srv = MetaSrvBuilder::new()
-        .options(opts)
+        .options(opts.clone())
         .kv_store(kv_store)
         .in_memory(in_memory)
         .selector(selector)
@@ -117,6 +144,12 @@ pub async fn make_meta_srv(opts: MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<MetaSrv> {
         .build()
         .await;
 
+    Ok(meta_srv)
+}
+
+pub async fn make_meta_srv(opts: &MetaSrvOptions) -> Result<MetaSrv> {
+    let meta_srv = build_meta_srv(opts).await?;
+
     meta_srv.start().await;
 
     Ok(meta_srv)