feat(vector): remove simsimd and use nalgebra instead (#5027)

* feat(vector): remove `simsimd` and use `nalgebra` instead

Signed-off-by: Zhenchi <zhongzc_arch@outlook.com>

* keep thing simple

Signed-off-by: Zhenchi <zhongzc_arch@outlook.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Zhenchi <zhongzc_arch@outlook.com>

src/common/function/Cargo.toml

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ geo-types = { version = "0.7", optional = true }
 geohash = { version = "0.13", optional = true }
 h3o = { version = "0.6", optional = true }
 jsonb.workspace = true
+nalgebra = "0.33"
 num = "0.4"
 num-traits = "0.2"
 once_cell.workspace = true
@@ -41,7 +42,6 @@ s2 = { version = "0.0.12", optional = true }
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 session.workspace = true
-simsimd = "4"
 snafu.workspace = true
 sql.workspace = true
 statrs = "0.16"
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ table.workspace = true
 wkt = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+approx = "0.5"
 ron = "0.7"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 tokio.workspace = true

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/distance.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+mod cos;
+mod dot;
+mod l2sq;
+
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -21,14 +25,14 @@ use common_query::prelude::Signature;
 use datatypes::prelude::ConcreteDataType;
 use datatypes::scalars::ScalarVectorBuilder;
 use datatypes::value::ValueRef;
-use datatypes::vectors::{Float64VectorBuilder, MutableVector, Vector, VectorRef};
+use datatypes::vectors::{Float32VectorBuilder, MutableVector, Vector, VectorRef};
 use snafu::ensure;
 
 use crate::function::{Function, FunctionContext};
 use crate::helper;
 
 macro_rules! define_distance_function {
-    ($StructName:ident, $display_name:expr, $similarity_method:ident) => {
+    ($StructName:ident, $display_name:expr, $similarity_method:path) => {
 
         /// A function calculates the distance between two vectors.
 
@@ -41,7 +45,7 @@ macro_rules! define_distance_function {
             }
 
             fn return_type(&self, _input_types: &[ConcreteDataType]) -> Result<ConcreteDataType> {
-                Ok(ConcreteDataType::float64_datatype())
+                Ok(ConcreteDataType::float32_datatype())
             }
 
             fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ macro_rules! define_distance_function {
                 let arg1 = &columns[1];
 
                 let size = arg0.len();
-                let mut result = Float64VectorBuilder::with_capacity(size);
+                let mut result = Float32VectorBuilder::with_capacity(size);
                 if size == 0 {
                     return Ok(result.to_vector());
                 }
@@ -101,9 +105,8 @@ macro_rules! define_distance_function {
                             }
                         );
 
-                        let f = <f32 as simsimd::SpatialSimilarity>::$similarity_method;
-                        // Safe: checked if the length of the vectors match
-                        let d = f(vec0.as_ref(), vec1.as_ref()).unwrap();
+                        // Checked if the length of the vectors match
+                        let d = $similarity_method(vec0.as_ref(), vec1.as_ref());
                         result.push(Some(d));
                     } else {
                         result.push_null();
@@ -122,9 +125,9 @@ macro_rules! define_distance_function {
     }
 }
 
-define_distance_function!(CosDistanceFunction, "cos_distance", cos);
-define_distance_function!(L2SqDistanceFunction, "l2sq_distance", l2sq);
-define_distance_function!(DotProductFunction, "dot_product", dot);
+define_distance_function!(CosDistanceFunction, "vec_cos_distance", cos::cos);
+define_distance_function!(L2SqDistanceFunction, "vec_l2sq_distance", l2sq::l2sq);
+define_distance_function!(DotProductFunction, "vec_dot_product", dot::dot);
 
 /// Parse a vector value if the value is a constant string.
 fn parse_if_constant_string(arg: &Arc<dyn Vector>) -> Result<Option<Vec<f32>>> {
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ fn as_vector(arg: ValueRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<Cow<'_, [f32]>>> {
         ConcreteDataType::Binary(_) => arg
             .as_binary()
             .unwrap() // Safe: checked if it is a binary
-            .map(|bytes| Ok(Cow::Borrowed(binary_as_vector(bytes)?)))
+            .map(binary_as_vector)
             .transpose(),
         ConcreteDataType::String(_) => arg
             .as_string()
@@ -164,18 +167,28 @@ fn as_vector(arg: ValueRef<'_>) -> Result<Option<Cow<'_, [f32]>>> {
 }
 
 /// Convert a u8 slice to a vector value.
-fn binary_as_vector(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<&[f32]> {
-    if bytes.len() % 4 != 0 {
+fn binary_as_vector(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Cow<'_, [f32]>> {
+    if bytes.len() % std::mem::size_of::<f32>() != 0 {
         return InvalidFuncArgsSnafu {
             err_msg: format!("Invalid binary length of vector: {}", bytes.len()),
         }
         .fail();
     }
 
-    unsafe {
-        let num_floats = bytes.len() / 4;
-        let floats: &[f32] = std::slice::from_raw_parts(bytes.as_ptr() as *const f32, num_floats);
-        Ok(floats)
+    if cfg!(target_endian = "little") {
+        Ok(unsafe {
+            let vec = std::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                bytes.as_ptr() as *const f32,
+                bytes.len() / std::mem::size_of::<f32>(),
+            );
+            Cow::Borrowed(vec)
+        })
+    } else {
+        let v = bytes
+            .chunks_exact(std::mem::size_of::<f32>())
+            .map(|chunk| f32::from_le_bytes(chunk.try_into().unwrap()))
+            .collect::<Vec<f32>>();
+        Ok(Cow::Owned(v))
     }
 }
 
@@ -460,7 +473,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_binary_as_vector() {
         let bytes = [0, 0, 128, 63];
         let result = binary_as_vector(&bytes).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(result, &[1.0]);
+        assert_eq!(result.as_ref(), &[1.0]);
 
         let invalid_bytes = [0, 0, 128];
         let result = binary_as_vector(&invalid_bytes);

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/distance/cos.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use nalgebra::DVectorView;
+
+/// Calculates the cos distance between two vectors.
+///
+/// **Note:** Must ensure that the length of the two vectors are the same.
+pub fn cos(lhs: &[f32], rhs: &[f32]) -> f32 {
+    let lhs_vec = DVectorView::from_slice(lhs, lhs.len());
+    let rhs_vec = DVectorView::from_slice(rhs, rhs.len());
+
+    let dot_product = lhs_vec.dot(&rhs_vec);
+    let lhs_norm = lhs_vec.norm();
+    let rhs_norm = rhs_vec.norm();
+    if dot_product.abs() < f32::EPSILON
+        || lhs_norm.abs() < f32::EPSILON
+        || rhs_norm.abs() < f32::EPSILON
+    {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+
+    let cos_similar = dot_product / (lhs_norm * rhs_norm);
+    let res = 1.0 - cos_similar;
+    if res.abs() < f32::EPSILON {
+        0.0
+    } else {
+        res
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cos_scalar() {
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 0.025, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 0.04, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 1.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 1.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 1.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 0.04, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(cos(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+    }
+}

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/distance/dot.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use nalgebra::DVectorView;
+
+/// Calculates the dot product between two vectors.
+///
+/// **Note:** Must ensure that the length of the two vectors are the same.
+pub fn dot(lhs: &[f32], rhs: &[f32]) -> f32 {
+    let lhs = DVectorView::from_slice(lhs, lhs.len());
+    let rhs = DVectorView::from_slice(rhs, rhs.len());
+
+    lhs.dot(&rhs)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_dot_scalar() {
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 14.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 32.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 50.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 50.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 122.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(dot(&lhs, &rhs), 194.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+    }
+}

src/common/function/src/scalars/vector/distance/l2sq.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use nalgebra::DVectorView;
+
+/// Calculates the squared L2 distance between two vectors.
+///
+/// **Note:** Must ensure that the length of the two vectors are the same.
+pub fn l2sq(lhs: &[f32], rhs: &[f32]) -> f32 {
+    let lhs = DVectorView::from_slice(lhs, lhs.len());
+    let rhs = DVectorView::from_slice(rhs, rhs.len());
+
+    (lhs - rhs).norm_squared()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_l2sq_scalar() {
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 27.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 108.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 14.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 77.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 194.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 108.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 27.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+
+        let lhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        let rhs = vec![7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
+        assert_relative_eq!(l2sq(&lhs, &rhs), 0.0, epsilon = 1e-2);
+    }
+}