diff --git a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
index 9d5d0bab1e..c2cddfd588 100644
--- a/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
+++ b/src/cmd/src/frontend.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::future::Future;
 use std::path::Path;
+use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ use crate::options::{GlobalOptions, GreptimeOptions};
 use crate::{App, create_resource_limit_metrics, log_versions, maybe_activate_heap_profile};
 
 type FrontendOptions = GreptimeOptions<frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions>;
+type HeartbeatExtensionSetupFuture<'a> = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<()>> + Send + 'a>>;
 
 pub struct Instance {
     frontend: Frontend,
@@ -117,7 +120,35 @@ pub struct Command {
 
 impl Command {
     pub async fn build(&self, opts: FrontendOptions) -> Result<Instance> {
-        self.subcmd.build(opts).await
+        self.build_with_heartbeat_extensions(opts, FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default())
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// Builds a frontend with pre-registered heartbeat extensions.
+    ///
+    /// Register extensions before calling this method. The supplied registry is installed before
+    /// normal plugin setup. After plugin heartbeat setup completes, the registry is frozen before
+    /// heartbeat handlers and the heartbeat task are built, so later registrations are rejected
+    /// and every heartbeat consumer observes the same extension membership.
+    pub async fn build_with_heartbeat_extensions(
+        &self,
+        opts: FrontendOptions,
+        heartbeat_extensions: FrontendHeartbeatExtensions,
+    ) -> Result<Instance> {
+        let plugins = plugins_with_heartbeat_extensions(heartbeat_extensions);
+        self.forward_build_with_plugins(opts, plugins, |command, opts, plugins| {
+            command.build_with_plugins(opts, plugins)
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+
+    fn forward_build_with_plugins<'a, T>(
+        &'a self,
+        opts: FrontendOptions,
+        plugins: Plugins,
+        build: impl FnOnce(&'a StartCommand, FrontendOptions, Plugins) -> T,
+    ) -> T {
+        self.subcmd.forward_build_with_plugins(opts, plugins, build)
     }
 
     pub fn load_options(&self, global_options: &GlobalOptions) -> Result<FrontendOptions> {
@@ -131,9 +162,14 @@ pub enum SubCommand {
 }
 
 impl SubCommand {
-    async fn build(&self, opts: FrontendOptions) -> Result<Instance> {
+    fn forward_build_with_plugins<'a, T>(
+        &'a self,
+        opts: FrontendOptions,
+        plugins: Plugins,
+        build: impl FnOnce(&'a StartCommand, FrontendOptions, Plugins) -> T,
+    ) -> T {
         match self {
-            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => cmd.build(opts).await,
+            SubCommand::Start(cmd) => build(cmd, opts, plugins),
         }
     }
 
@@ -329,7 +365,11 @@ impl StartCommand {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn build(&self, opts: FrontendOptions) -> Result<Instance> {
+    async fn build_with_plugins(
+        &self,
+        opts: FrontendOptions,
+        plugins: Plugins,
+    ) -> Result<Instance> {
         common_runtime::init_global_runtimes(&opts.runtime);
 
         let guard = common_telemetry::init_global_logging(
@@ -380,15 +420,8 @@ impl StartCommand {
         .await
         .context(error::MetaClientInitSnafu)?;
 
-        let mut plugins = Plugins::new();
-        plugins::setup_frontend_plugins_pre_build(
-            &mut plugins,
-            &plugin_opts,
-            &opts,
-            Some(&meta_config),
-        )
-        .await
-        .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+        let mut plugins =
+            prepare_frontend_plugins(plugins, &plugin_opts, &opts, Some(&meta_config)).await?;
 
         // now initialize the meta_client with plugins
         let meta_client = meta_client::create_meta_client(
@@ -497,12 +530,20 @@ impl StartCommand {
 
         let instance = Arc::new(instance);
 
-        plugins::setup_frontend_heartbeat_extensions(&mut plugins, &plugin_opts, &instance)
-            .await
-            .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
-        let heartbeat_extensions = plugins
-            .get::<FrontendHeartbeatExtensions>()
-            .unwrap_or_default();
+        let heartbeat_instance = instance.clone();
+        let heartbeat_extensions =
+            setup_and_freeze_frontend_heartbeat_extensions(&mut plugins, move |plugins| {
+                Box::pin(async move {
+                    plugins::setup_frontend_heartbeat_extensions(
+                        plugins,
+                        &plugin_opts,
+                        &heartbeat_instance,
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)
+                })
+            })
+            .await?;
         let heartbeat_task = Some(create_heartbeat_task_with_extensions(
             &opts,
             meta_client,
@@ -524,6 +565,36 @@ impl StartCommand {
     }
 }
 
+async fn prepare_frontend_plugins(
+    mut plugins: Plugins,
+    plugin_opts: &[PluginOptions],
+    opts: &frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions,
+    meta_config: Option<&[PluginOptions]>,
+) -> Result<Plugins> {
+    plugins::setup_frontend_plugins_pre_build(&mut plugins, plugin_opts, opts, meta_config)
+        .await
+        .context(error::StartFrontendSnafu)?;
+    Ok(plugins)
+}
+
+fn plugins_with_heartbeat_extensions(heartbeat_extensions: FrontendHeartbeatExtensions) -> Plugins {
+    let plugins = Plugins::new();
+    plugins.insert(heartbeat_extensions);
+    plugins
+}
+
+async fn setup_and_freeze_frontend_heartbeat_extensions(
+    plugins: &mut Plugins,
+    setup: impl for<'a> FnOnce(&'a mut Plugins) -> HeartbeatExtensionSetupFuture<'a>,
+) -> Result<FrontendHeartbeatExtensions> {
+    setup(plugins).await?;
+    let extensions = plugins
+        .get::<FrontendHeartbeatExtensions>()
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    extensions.freeze();
+    Ok(extensions)
+}
+
 pub fn create_heartbeat_task(
     options: &frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions,
     meta_client: MetaClientRef,
@@ -563,6 +634,7 @@ fn create_heartbeat_task_with_extensions(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::io::Write;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
     use std::time::Duration;
 
     use auth::{Identity, Password, UserProviderRef};
@@ -576,6 +648,105 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::options::GlobalOptions;
 
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct TestExtension(&'static str);
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl frontend::heartbeat::FrontendHeartbeatExtension for TestExtension {
+        fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+            self.0
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_command_forwards_heartbeat_extensions_to_start_build() {
+        let command = Command {
+            subcmd: SubCommand::Start(StartCommand::default()),
+        };
+        let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+        let shared_extensions = extensions.clone();
+
+        let forwarded_plugins = command.forward_build_with_plugins(
+            FrontendOptions::default(),
+            plugins_with_heartbeat_extensions(extensions),
+            |_, _, plugins| plugins,
+        );
+        let forwarded_extensions = forwarded_plugins
+            .get::<FrontendHeartbeatExtensions>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_registry_identity(&shared_extensions, &forwarded_extensions);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_prefilled_heartbeat_extensions_survive_pre_build_setup() {
+        let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+        let shared_extensions = extensions.clone();
+
+        let plugins = prepare_frontend_plugins(
+            plugins_with_heartbeat_extensions(extensions),
+            &[],
+            &frontend::frontend::FrontendOptions::default(),
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let setup_extensions = plugins.get_or_insert(FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default);
+        assert_registry_identity(&shared_extensions, &setup_extensions);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_heartbeat_extension_setup_completes_before_freeze() {
+        let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            extensions.try_register(Arc::new(TestExtension("caller"))),
+            Ok(())
+        );
+        let mut plugins = plugins_with_heartbeat_extensions(extensions.clone());
+
+        let finalized = setup_and_freeze_frontend_heartbeat_extensions(&mut plugins, |plugins| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                let setup_extensions = plugins.get_or_insert(FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    setup_extensions.try_register(Arc::new(TestExtension("plugin"))),
+                    Ok(())
+                );
+                Ok(())
+            })
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            finalized
+                .extensions()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|extension| extension.name())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            ["caller", "plugin"]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            extensions.try_register(Arc::new(TestExtension("late"))),
+            Err(frontend::heartbeat::RegistrationError::Frozen)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(finalized.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    fn assert_registry_identity(
+        expected: &FrontendHeartbeatExtensions,
+        actual: &FrontendHeartbeatExtensions,
+    ) {
+        let extension = Arc::new(TestExtension("cmd-test-extension"));
+        assert!(expected.register(extension.clone()));
+        let registered = actual.extensions();
+        assert_eq!(registered.len(), 1);
+        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(
+            &(extension as Arc<dyn frontend::heartbeat::FrontendHeartbeatExtension>),
+            &registered[0]
+        ));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_try_from_start_command() {
         let command = StartCommand {
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/heartbeat.rs b/src/frontend/src/heartbeat.rs
index 0d9cde74fb..b7e3a7aff4 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/heartbeat.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/heartbeat.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 mod tests;
 
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex as StdMutex};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex as StdMutex, MutexGuard, PoisonError};
 
 use api::v1::meta::heartbeat_request::NodeWorkloads;
 use api::v1::meta::{FrontendWorkloads, HeartbeatRequest, HeartbeatResponse, NodeInfo, Peer};
@@ -93,34 +94,88 @@ pub trait FrontendHeartbeatExtension: Send + Sync {
 }
 
 /// A shareable, ordered registry of frontend heartbeat extensions.
+///
+/// Registration is available until [`FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::freeze`] is called. After that,
+/// membership is immutable so every heartbeat consumer observes the same extensions.
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub struct FrontendHeartbeatExtensions {
     inner: Arc<StdMutex<FrontendHeartbeatExtensionsInner>>,
 }
 
+/// The reason a frontend heartbeat extension was not registered.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum RegistrationError {
+    /// An extension with the same name is already registered.
+    Duplicate,
+    /// The registry is frozen and no longer accepts registrations.
+    Frozen,
+}
+
+impl Display for RegistrationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Duplicate => formatter.write_str("heartbeat extension is already registered"),
+            Self::Frozen => formatter.write_str("heartbeat extension registry is frozen"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for RegistrationError {}
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct FrontendHeartbeatExtensionsInner {
     names: HashSet<String>,
     extensions: Vec<Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>>,
+    frozen: bool,
 }
 
 impl FrontendHeartbeatExtensions {
+    fn lock(&self) -> MutexGuard<'_, FrontendHeartbeatExtensionsInner> {
+        self.inner.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner)
+    }
+
     /// Registers an extension without replacing an existing extension of the same name.
     ///
-    /// Returns `true` for a new registration and `false` for an idempotent duplicate.
+    /// Returns `true` for a new registration and `false` for an idempotent duplicate or when the
+    /// registry is frozen. Use [`FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::try_register`] when the rejection
+    /// reason must not be discarded.
     pub fn register(&self, extension: Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>) -> bool {
-        let mut inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
+        self.try_register(extension).is_ok()
+    }
+
+    /// Registers an extension and returns the reason when registration is rejected.
+    ///
+    /// If the registry is already frozen, this method returns [`RegistrationError::Frozen`]
+    /// without calling [`FrontendHeartbeatExtension::name`]. If freezing races with name
+    /// evaluation, the registry state is checked again before insertion.
+    pub fn try_register(
+        &self,
+        extension: Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), RegistrationError> {
+        if self.lock().frozen {
+            return Err(RegistrationError::Frozen);
+        }
+
         let name = extension.name().to_string();
+        let mut inner = self.lock();
+        if inner.frozen {
+            return Err(RegistrationError::Frozen);
+        }
         if !inner.names.insert(name) {
-            return false;
+            return Err(RegistrationError::Duplicate);
         }
         inner.extensions.push(extension);
-        true
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Prevents further registrations while preserving the current registration order.
+    pub fn freeze(&self) {
+        self.lock().frozen = true;
     }
 
     /// Returns the registered extensions in registration order.
     pub fn extensions(&self) -> Vec<Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>> {
-        self.inner.lock().unwrap().extensions.clone()
+        self.lock().extensions.clone()
     }
 
     /// Returns response handlers in extension registration order.
@@ -133,7 +188,7 @@ impl FrontendHeartbeatExtensions {
 
     /// Returns the number of registered extensions.
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.inner.lock().unwrap().extensions.len()
+        self.lock().extensions.len()
     }
 
     /// Returns whether no extension is registered.
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/heartbeat/tests.rs b/src/frontend/src/heartbeat/tests.rs
index d3c651de32..8f5bfa614b 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/heartbeat/tests.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/heartbeat/tests.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
 
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::future::pending;
+use std::panic::{AssertUnwindSafe, catch_unwind};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier, Mutex};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use api::v1::meta::heartbeat_request::NodeWorkloads;
@@ -494,6 +495,170 @@ impl FrontendHeartbeatExtension for TestExtension {
     }
 }
 
+struct PanickingNameExtension;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl FrontendHeartbeatExtension for PanickingNameExtension {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        panic!("extension name panic")
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_panicking_extension_name_does_not_corrupt_registry() {
+    let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+
+    let result = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+        extensions.register(Arc::new(PanickingNameExtension));
+    }));
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+
+    let valid = TestExtension::new("valid");
+    assert!(extensions.register(valid.clone()));
+    let registered = extensions.extensions();
+    assert_eq!(registered.len(), 1);
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(
+        &(valid as Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>),
+        &registered[0]
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(extensions.len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_registry_recovers_from_poisoned_lock() {
+    let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+    let poisoned = extensions.clone();
+
+    let result = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(move || {
+        let _guard = poisoned.lock();
+        panic!("poison registry lock")
+    }));
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+
+    let valid = TestExtension::new("valid");
+    assert!(extensions.register(valid.clone()));
+    let registered = extensions.extensions();
+    assert_eq!(registered.len(), 1);
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(
+        &(valid as Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>),
+        &registered[0]
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(extensions.len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_registry_freeze_rejects_late_registration_without_changing_membership() {
+    let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+    let calls = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let handler: HeartbeatResponseHandlerRef = Arc::new(ShortCircuitHandler {
+        result: ShortCircuitResult::Done,
+        calls,
+    });
+    let registered = TestExtension::with_handler("registered", handler.clone());
+
+    assert!(extensions.register(registered.clone()));
+    assert!(!extensions.register(TestExtension::new("registered")));
+    extensions.freeze();
+
+    assert!(!extensions.register(TestExtension::new("late")));
+    let frozen_extensions = extensions.extensions();
+    assert_eq!(frozen_extensions.len(), 1);
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(
+        &(registered as Arc<dyn FrontendHeartbeatExtension>),
+        &frozen_extensions[0]
+    ));
+    let frozen_handlers = extensions.response_handlers();
+    assert_eq!(frozen_handlers.len(), 1);
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&handler, &frozen_handlers[0]));
+    assert_eq!(extensions.len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_try_register_distinguishes_duplicate_and_frozen() {
+    let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        extensions.try_register(TestExtension::new("registered")),
+        Ok(())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        extensions.try_register(TestExtension::new("registered")),
+        Err(RegistrationError::Duplicate)
+    );
+
+    extensions.freeze();
+    assert_eq!(
+        extensions.try_register(TestExtension::new("late")),
+        Err(RegistrationError::Frozen)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_frozen_registration_does_not_call_extension_name() {
+    let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+    extensions.freeze();
+
+    let compatible_result = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+        extensions.register(Arc::new(PanickingNameExtension))
+    }));
+    assert!(!compatible_result.unwrap());
+
+    let typed_result = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+        extensions.try_register(Arc::new(PanickingNameExtension))
+    }));
+
+    assert_eq!(typed_result.unwrap(), Err(RegistrationError::Frozen));
+    assert!(extensions.is_empty());
+}
+
+struct BlockingNameExtension {
+    entered_name: Arc<Barrier>,
+    release_name: Arc<Barrier>,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl FrontendHeartbeatExtension for BlockingNameExtension {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.entered_name.wait();
+        self.release_name.wait();
+        "blocking"
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_freeze_wins_while_registration_name_is_running() {
+    let extensions = FrontendHeartbeatExtensions::default();
+    let entered_name = Arc::new(Barrier::new(2));
+    let release_name = Arc::new(Barrier::new(2));
+    let registering = extensions.clone();
+    let extension = Arc::new(BlockingNameExtension {
+        entered_name: entered_name.clone(),
+        release_name: release_name.clone(),
+    });
+
+    let registration = std::thread::spawn(move || registering.try_register(extension));
+    entered_name.wait();
+    let freezing = extensions.clone();
+    let (freeze_done_tx, freeze_done_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::sync_channel(1);
+    let freeze = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        freezing.freeze();
+        let _ = freeze_done_tx.send(());
+    });
+    if let Err(error) = freeze_done_rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(2)) {
+        release_name.wait();
+        let registration = registration.join();
+        let freeze = freeze.join();
+        panic!(
+            "freeze did not complete while extension name was blocked: {error:?}; registration: {registration:?}; freeze: {freeze:?}"
+        );
+    }
+    release_name.wait();
+
+    freeze.join().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(registration.join().unwrap(), Err(RegistrationError::Frozen));
+    assert!(extensions.is_empty());
+}
+
 fn test_task(
     connector: Arc<dyn HeartbeatConnector>,
     extensions: FrontendHeartbeatExtensions,