servers/http/

authorize.rs

// Copyright 2023 Greptime Team
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

use ::auth::{AuthMethod, UserProviderRef};
use api::v1::Basic;
use axum::Json;
use axum::extract::{Request, State};
use axum::http::{self, StatusCode};
use axum::middleware::Next;
use axum::response::{IntoResponse, Response};
use base64::Engine;
use base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD;
use common_base::secrets::{ExposeSecret, SecretString};
use common_catalog::consts::DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME;
use common_catalog::parse_catalog_and_schema_from_db_string;
use common_error::ext::ErrorExt;
use common_telemetry::warn;
use common_time::Timezone;
use common_time::timezone::parse_timezone;
use headers::Header;
use serde::Serialize;
use session::context::QueryContextBuilder;
use snafu::{OptionExt, ResultExt, ensure};

use crate::error::{
    self, InvalidAuthHeaderInvisibleASCIISnafu, InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu, InvalidParameterSnafu,
    NotFoundAuthHeaderSnafu, NotFoundInfluxAuthSnafu, Result, UnsupportedAuthSchemeSnafu,
    UrlDecodeSnafu,
};
use crate::http::header::{GREPTIME_TIMEZONE_HEADER_NAME, GreptimeDbName};
use crate::http::result::error_result::ErrorResponse;
use crate::http::splunk::is_splunk_request;
use crate::http::{AUTHORIZATION_HEADER, HTTP_API_PREFIX, PUBLIC_API_PREFIX};
use crate::influxdb::{is_influxdb_request, is_influxdb_v2_request};

/// AuthState is a holder state for [`UserProviderRef`]
/// during [`check_http_auth`] function in axum's middleware
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct AuthState {
    user_provider: Option<UserProviderRef>,
}

impl AuthState {
    pub fn new(user_provider: Option<UserProviderRef>) -> Self {
        Self { user_provider }
    }
}

/// Public authentication configuration used by browser clients.
#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
pub(crate) struct AuthConfig {
    auth_required: bool,
    methods: Vec<AuthMethod>,
}

/// Returns the configured login methods without requiring authentication.
pub(crate) async fn auth_config(State(auth_state): State<AuthState>) -> Json<AuthConfig> {
    let (auth_required, methods) = match auth_state.user_provider {
        Some(user_provider) => (true, user_provider.auth_methods()),
        None => (false, Vec::new()),
    };

    Json(AuthConfig {
        auth_required,
        methods,
    })
}

pub async fn inner_auth<B>(
    user_provider: Option<UserProviderRef>,
    mut req: Request<B>,
) -> std::result::Result<Request<B>, Response> {
    // 1. prepare
    let (catalog, schema) = extract_catalog_and_schema(&req);
    // TODO(ruihang): move this out of auth module
    let timezone = extract_timezone(&req);
    let query_ctx_builder = QueryContextBuilder::default()
        .current_catalog(catalog.clone())
        .current_schema(schema.clone())
        .timezone(timezone);

    let query_ctx = query_ctx_builder.build();
    let need_auth = need_auth(&req);

    // 2. check if auth is needed
    let user_provider = if let Some(user_provider) = user_provider.filter(|_| need_auth) {
        user_provider
    } else {
        query_ctx.set_current_user(auth::userinfo_by_name(None));
        let _ = req.extensions_mut().insert(query_ctx);
        return Ok(req);
    };

    // 3. bearer token auth (JWT / OAuth2). When an `Authorization: Bearer
    //    <token>` header is present, authenticate via
    //    [`UserProvider::auth_bearer_token`]; otherwise fall through to the
    //    username/password path (Basic / influxdb / splunk) below.
    if let Some(token) = extract_bearer_token(&req) {
        match user_provider
            .auth_bearer_token(token, &catalog, &schema)
            .await
        {
            Ok(userinfo) => {
                query_ctx.set_current_user(userinfo);
                let _ = req.extensions_mut().insert(query_ctx);
                return Ok(req);
            }
            Err(e) => {
                warn!(e; "bearer token authentication failed");
                crate::metrics::METRIC_AUTH_FAILURE
                    .with_label_values(&[e.status_code().as_ref()])
                    .inc();
                // Splunk HEC clients expect `{"text":"Invalid token","code":4}`
                // (FORBIDDEN), not the generic 401 `ErrorResponse`.
                if is_splunk_request(&req) {
                    return Err(splunk_hec_err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, 4));
                }
                return Err(err_response(e));
            }
        }
    }

    // 4. get username and pwd
    let (username, password) = match extract_username_and_password(&req) {
        Ok((username, password)) => (username, password),
        Err(e) => {
            warn!(e; "extract username and password failed");
            crate::metrics::METRIC_AUTH_FAILURE
                .with_label_values(&[e.status_code().as_ref()])
                .inc();
            if is_splunk_request(&req) {
                // HEC: missing header -> 2 ("token is required"), else 4 ("invalid token").
                let (status, code) = match &e {
                    error::Error::NotFoundAuthHeader { .. } => (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, 2),
                    _ => (StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, 4),
                };
                return Err(splunk_hec_err(status, code));
            }
            return Err(err_response(e));
        }
    };

    // 5. auth
    match user_provider
        .auth(
            auth::Identity::UserId(&username, None),
            auth::Password::PlainText(password),
            &catalog,
            &schema,
        )
        .await
    {
        Ok(userinfo) => {
            query_ctx.set_current_user(userinfo);
            let _ = req.extensions_mut().insert(query_ctx);
            Ok(req)
        }
        Err(e) => {
            warn!(e; "authenticate failed");
            crate::metrics::METRIC_AUTH_FAILURE
                .with_label_values(&[e.status_code().as_ref()])
                .inc();
            // HEC: bad credentials -> 4 ("invalid token", 403).
            if is_splunk_request(&req) {
                return Err(splunk_hec_err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, 4));
            }
            Err(err_response(e))
        }
    }
}

pub async fn check_http_auth(
    State(auth_state): State<AuthState>,
    req: Request,
    next: Next,
) -> Response {
    match inner_auth(auth_state.user_provider, req).await {
        Ok(req) => next.run(req).await,
        Err(resp) => resp,
    }
}

/// HEC-shaped auth error (`{"text","code"}`) so Splunk clients can branch on `code`.
fn splunk_hec_err(status: StatusCode, code: u32) -> Response {
    let text = match code {
        2 => "Token is required",
        4 => "Invalid token",
        _ => "Unauthorized",
    };
    (
        status,
        axum::Json(serde_json::json!({ "text": text, "code": code })),
    )
        .into_response()
}

fn err_response(err: impl ErrorExt) -> Response {
    (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, ErrorResponse::from_error(err)).into_response()
}

pub fn extract_catalog_and_schema<B>(request: &Request<B>) -> (String, String) {
    // parse database from header
    let dbname = request
        .headers()
        .get(GreptimeDbName::name())
        // eat this invalid ascii error and give user the final IllegalParam error
        .and_then(|header| header.to_str().ok())
        .or_else(|| {
            let query = request.uri().query().unwrap_or_default();
            if is_influxdb_v2_request(request) {
                extract_db_from_query(query).or_else(|| extract_bucket_from_query(query))
            } else {
                extract_db_from_query(query)
            }
        })
        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_NAME);

    parse_catalog_and_schema_from_db_string(dbname)
}

fn extract_timezone<B>(request: &Request<B>) -> Timezone {
    // parse timezone from header
    let timezone = request
        .headers()
        .get(&GREPTIME_TIMEZONE_HEADER_NAME)
        // eat this invalid ascii error and give user the final IllegalParam error
        .and_then(|header| header.to_str().ok())
        .unwrap_or("");
    parse_timezone(Some(timezone))
}

fn get_influxdb_credentials<B>(request: &Request<B>) -> Result<Option<(Username, Password)>> {
    // compat with influxdb v2 and v1
    if let Some(header) = request.headers().get(http::header::AUTHORIZATION) {
        // try header
        let (auth_scheme, credential) = header
            .to_str()
            .context(InvalidAuthHeaderInvisibleASCIISnafu)?
            .split_once(' ')
            .context(InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu)?;

        let (username, password) = match auth_scheme.to_lowercase().as_str() {
            "token" => {
                let (u, p) = credential.split_once(':').context(InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu)?;
                (u.to_string(), p.to_string().into())
            }
            "basic" => decode_basic(credential)?,
            _ => UnsupportedAuthSchemeSnafu { name: auth_scheme }.fail()?,
        };

        Ok(Some((username, password)))
    } else {
        // try u and p in query
        let Some(query_str) = request.uri().query() else {
            return Ok(None);
        };

        let query_str = urlencoding::decode(query_str).context(UrlDecodeSnafu)?;

        match extract_influxdb_user_from_query(&query_str) {
            (None, None) => Ok(None),
            (Some(username), Some(password)) => {
                Ok(Some((username.to_string(), password.to_string().into())))
            }
            _ => InvalidParameterSnafu {
                reason: "influxdb auth: username and password must be provided together"
                    .to_string(),
            }
            .fail(),
        }
    }
}

fn get_splunk_credentials<B>(request: &Request<B>) -> Result<Option<(Username, Password)>> {
    let Some(header) = request.headers().get(http::header::AUTHORIZATION) else {
        return Ok(None);
    };
    let (auth_scheme, credential) = header
        .to_str()
        .context(InvalidAuthHeaderInvisibleASCIISnafu)?
        .split_once(' ')
        .context(InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu)?;

    let (username, password) = match auth_scheme.to_lowercase().as_str() {
        "splunk" => {
            let (u, p) = credential.split_once(':').context(InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu)?;
            (u.to_string(), p.to_string().into())
        }
        "basic" => decode_basic(credential)?,
        _ => UnsupportedAuthSchemeSnafu { name: auth_scheme }.fail()?,
    };
    Ok(Some((username, password)))
}

pub fn extract_username_and_password<B>(request: &Request<B>) -> Result<(Username, Password)> {
    Ok(if is_influxdb_request(request) {
        // compatible with influxdb auth
        get_influxdb_credentials(request)?.context(NotFoundInfluxAuthSnafu)?
    } else if is_splunk_request(request) {
        get_splunk_credentials(request)?.context(NotFoundAuthHeaderSnafu)?
    } else {
        // normal http auth
        let scheme = auth_header(request)?;
        match scheme {
            AuthScheme::Basic(username, password) => (username, password),
        }
    })
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum AuthScheme {
    Basic(Username, Password),
}

type Username = String;
type Password = SecretString;

impl TryFrom<&str> for AuthScheme {
    type Error = error::Error;

    fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        let (scheme, encoded_credentials) =
            value.split_once(' ').context(InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu)?;

        ensure!(!encoded_credentials.contains(' '), InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu);

        match scheme.to_lowercase().as_str() {
            "basic" => decode_basic(encoded_credentials)
                .map(|(username, password)| AuthScheme::Basic(username, password)),
            other => UnsupportedAuthSchemeSnafu { name: other }.fail(),
        }
    }
}

impl From<AuthScheme> for api::v1::auth_header::AuthScheme {
    fn from(value: AuthScheme) -> Self {
        match value {
            AuthScheme::Basic(username, password) => {
                api::v1::auth_header::AuthScheme::Basic(Basic {
                    username,
                    password: password.expose_secret().clone(),
                })
            }
        }
    }
}

type Credential<'a> = &'a str;

/// Extracts an opaque bearer token from an `Authorization: Bearer <token>`
/// header (the standard or `x-greptime-auth` header).
///
/// Returns `None` for any other scheme (`Basic`, influxdb `Token`, splunk
/// `Splunk`, …) so the caller can fall through to the username/password path.
fn extract_bearer_token<B>(req: &Request<B>) -> Option<&str> {
    let header = req
        .headers()
        .get(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER)
        .or_else(|| req.headers().get(http::header::AUTHORIZATION))?;
    let value = header.to_str().ok()?;
    // HTTP authentication schemes are case-insensitive (RFC 9110 §11.1), so
    // match the scheme with `eq_ignore_ascii_case` — but never lowercase the
    // *token* itself, which is opaque and case-sensitive. Returns a borrow
    // into the request's headers, so there is no allocation.
    let (scheme, token) = value.split_once(' ')?;
    if !scheme.eq_ignore_ascii_case("bearer") {
        return None;
    }
    let token = token.trim_start();
    (!token.is_empty()).then_some(token)
}

fn auth_header<B>(req: &Request<B>) -> Result<AuthScheme> {
    let auth_header = req
        .headers()
        .get(AUTHORIZATION_HEADER)
        .or_else(|| req.headers().get(http::header::AUTHORIZATION))
        .context(error::NotFoundAuthHeaderSnafu)?
        .to_str()
        .context(InvalidAuthHeaderInvisibleASCIISnafu)?;

    auth_header.try_into()
}

fn decode_basic(credential: Credential) -> Result<(Username, Password)> {
    let decoded = BASE64_STANDARD
        .decode(credential)
        .context(error::InvalidBase64ValueSnafu)?;
    let as_utf8 =
        String::from_utf8(decoded).context(error::InvalidAuthHeaderInvalidUtf8ValueSnafu)?;

    if let Some((user_id, password)) = as_utf8.split_once(':') {
        return Ok((user_id.to_string(), password.to_string().into()));
    }

    InvalidAuthHeaderSnafu {}.fail()
}

fn need_auth<B>(req: &Request<B>) -> bool {
    let path = req.uri().path();

    for api in PUBLIC_API_PREFIX {
        if path.starts_with(api) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    path.starts_with(HTTP_API_PREFIX)
}

fn extract_param_from_query<'a>(query: &'a str, param: &'a str) -> Option<&'a str> {
    let prefix = format!("{}=", param);
    for pair in query.split('&') {
        if let Some(param) = pair.strip_prefix(&prefix) {
            return if param.is_empty() { None } else { Some(param) };
        }
    }
    None
}

fn extract_db_from_query(query: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    extract_param_from_query(query, "db")
}

/// InfluxDB v2 uses "bucket" instead of "db"
/// https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1/tools/api/#apiv2write-http-endpoint
fn extract_bucket_from_query(query: &str) -> Option<&str> {
    extract_param_from_query(query, "bucket")
}

fn extract_influxdb_user_from_query(query: &str) -> (Option<&str>, Option<&str>) {
    let mut username = None;
    let mut password = None;

    for pair in query.split('&') {
        if pair.starts_with("u=") && pair.len() > 2 {
            username = Some(&pair[2..]);
        } else if pair.starts_with("p=") && pair.len() > 2 {
            password = Some(&pair[2..]);
        }
    }
    (username, password)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::assert_matches;

    use common_base::secrets::ExposeSecret;

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_need_auth() {
        let req = Request::builder()
            .uri("http://127.0.0.1/v1/influxdb/ping")
            .body(())
            .unwrap();

        assert!(!need_auth(&req));

        let req = Request::builder()
            .uri("http://127.0.0.1/v1/influxdb/health")
            .body(())
            .unwrap();

        assert!(!need_auth(&req));

        let req = Request::builder()
            .uri("http://127.0.0.1/v1/influxdb/write")
            .body(())
            .unwrap();

        assert!(need_auth(&req));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_splunk_auth() {
        let splunk_uri = "http://127.0.0.1/v1/splunk/services/collector/event";
        let splunk_req = |auth: Option<&str>| {
            let mut req = Request::builder().uri(splunk_uri);
            if let Some(auth) = auth {
                req = req.header(http::header::AUTHORIZATION, auth);
            }
            req.body(()).unwrap()
        };

        // is_splunk_request matches our mount, not other endpoints.
        assert!(is_splunk_request(&splunk_req(None)));
        assert!(!is_splunk_request(
            &Request::builder()
                .uri("http://127.0.0.1/v1/influxdb/write")
                .body(())
                .unwrap()
        ));
        assert!(!is_splunk_request(
            &Request::builder()
                .uri("http://127.0.0.1/v1/sql")
                .body(())
                .unwrap()
        ));

        // `Splunk <user:pass>` -> (user, pass).
        let (username, password) =
            get_splunk_credentials(&splunk_req(Some("Splunk teamA:secretA")))
                .unwrap()
                .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(username, "teamA");
        assert_eq!(password.expose_secret(), "secretA");

        // standard Basic is also accepted (parity with influxdb).
        let basic = basic_auth("u", "p");
        let (username, password) = get_splunk_credentials(&splunk_req(Some(&basic)))
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(username, "u");
        assert_eq!(password.expose_secret(), "p");

        // missing header -> None; token without ':' -> error.
        assert!(get_splunk_credentials(&splunk_req(None)).unwrap().is_none());
        assert!(get_splunk_credentials(&splunk_req(Some("Splunk no_colon_token"))).is_err());

        // full dispatch routes a splunk request through the splunk scheme.
        let (username, password) =
            extract_username_and_password(&splunk_req(Some("Splunk teamA:secretA"))).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(username, "teamA");
        assert_eq!(password.expose_secret(), "secretA");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_basic() {
        let credential = basic_auth_credentials("username", "password");
        let (username, pwd) = decode_basic(&credential).unwrap();
        assert_eq!("username", username);
        assert_eq!("password", pwd.expose_secret());

        let wrong_credential = credential.replacen('c', "c ", 1);
        let result = decode_basic(&wrong_credential);
        assert_matches!(result.err(), Some(error::Error::InvalidBase64Value { .. }));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_try_into_auth_scheme() {
        let auth_scheme_str = "basic";
        let re: Result<AuthScheme> = auth_scheme_str.try_into();
        assert!(re.is_err());

        let auth_scheme_str = basic_auth("test", "test");
        let scheme: AuthScheme = auth_scheme_str.as_str().try_into().unwrap();
        assert_matches!(scheme, AuthScheme::Basic(username, pwd) if username == "test" && pwd.expose_secret() == "test");

        let unsupported = "digest";
        let auth_scheme: Result<AuthScheme> = unsupported.try_into();
        assert!(auth_scheme.is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_inner_auth_assigns_remote_query_id() {
        let req =
            mock_http_request(None, Some("http://127.0.0.1/v1/sql?db=greptime-public")).unwrap();
        let req = futures::executor::block_on(inner_auth::<()>(None, req)).unwrap();
        let query_ctx = req
            .extensions()
            .get::<session::context::QueryContext>()
            .unwrap();

        assert!(query_ctx.remote_query_id().is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_auth_header() {
        let header_value = basic_auth("username", "password");
        let req = mock_http_request(Some(&header_value), None).unwrap();

        let auth_scheme = auth_header(&req).unwrap();
        assert_matches!(auth_scheme, AuthScheme::Basic(username, pwd) if username == "username" && pwd.expose_secret() == "password");

        let wrong_auth_header = header_value.replacen('c', "c ", 1);
        let wrong_req = mock_http_request(Some(&wrong_auth_header), None).unwrap();
        let res = auth_header(&wrong_req);
        assert_matches!(res.err(), Some(error::Error::InvalidAuthHeader { .. }));

        let wrong_req = mock_http_request(
            Some(&format!(
                "Digest {}",
                basic_auth_credentials("username", "password")
            )),
            None,
        )
        .unwrap();
        let res = auth_header(&wrong_req);
        assert_matches!(res.err(), Some(error::Error::UnsupportedAuthScheme { .. }));
    }

    fn basic_auth(username: &str, password: &str) -> String {
        format!("Basic {}", basic_auth_credentials(username, password))
    }

    fn basic_auth_credentials(username: &str, password: &str) -> String {
        BASE64_STANDARD.encode(format!("{username}:{password}"))
    }

    fn mock_http_request(auth_header: Option<&str>, uri: Option<&str>) -> Result<Request<()>> {
        let http_api_version = crate::http::HTTP_API_VERSION;
        let mut req = Request::builder()
            .uri(uri.unwrap_or(format!("http://localhost/{http_api_version}/sql").as_str()));
        if let Some(auth_header) = auth_header {
            req = req.header(http::header::AUTHORIZATION, auth_header);
        }

        Ok(req.body(()).unwrap())
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_db_name_header() {
        let http_api_version = crate::http::HTTP_API_VERSION;
        let req = Request::builder()
            .uri(format!("http://localhost/{http_api_version}/sql").as_str())
            .header(GreptimeDbName::name(), "greptime-tomcat")
            .body(())
            .unwrap();

        let db = extract_catalog_and_schema(&req);
        assert_eq!(db, ("greptime".to_string(), "tomcat".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_extract_db() {
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query(""), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("&"), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("db="), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_bucket_from_query("bucket="), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_bucket_from_query("db=foo"), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("db=foo"), Some("foo"));
        assert_matches!(extract_bucket_from_query("bucket=foo"), Some("foo"));
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("name=bar"), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("db=&name=bar"), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("db=foo&name=bar"), Some("foo"));
        assert_matches!(extract_bucket_from_query("db=foo&bucket=bar"), Some("bar"));
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("name=bar&db="), None);
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("name=bar&db=foo"), Some("foo"));
        assert_matches!(extract_db_from_query("name=bar&db=&name=bar"), None);
        assert_matches!(
            extract_db_from_query("name=bar&db=foo&name=bar"),
            Some("foo")
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_extract_user() {
        assert_matches!(extract_influxdb_user_from_query(""), (None, None));
        assert_matches!(extract_influxdb_user_from_query("u="), (None, None));
        assert_matches!(
            extract_influxdb_user_from_query("u=123"),
            (Some("123"), None)
        );
        assert_matches!(
            extract_influxdb_user_from_query("u=123&p="),
            (Some("123"), None)
        );
        assert_matches!(
            extract_influxdb_user_from_query("u=123&p=4"),
            (Some("123"), Some("4"))
        );
        assert_matches!(extract_influxdb_user_from_query("p="), (None, None));
        assert_matches!(extract_influxdb_user_from_query("p=4"), (None, Some("4")));
        assert_matches!(
            extract_influxdb_user_from_query("p=4&u="),
            (None, Some("4"))
        );
        assert_matches!(
            extract_influxdb_user_from_query("p=4&u=123"),
            (Some("123"), Some("4"))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_extract_bearer_token() {
        let bearer = |scheme: &str, val: &str| {
            mock_http_request(Some(&format!("{scheme} {val}")), None).unwrap()
        };

        // Standard bearer scheme, on either header.
        assert_eq!(
            extract_bearer_token(&bearer("Bearer", "abc.def.ghi")),
            Some("abc.def.ghi")
        );
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&bearer("bearer", "tok")), Some("tok"));
        // HTTP schemes are case-insensitive (RFC 9110 §11.1); the token
        // itself is opaque and must NOT be lowercased.
        assert_eq!(
            extract_bearer_token(&bearer("BEARER", "ABC.DEF.GHI")),
            Some("ABC.DEF.GHI")
        );
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&bearer("BeArEr", "tok")), Some("tok"));
        let mut req = mock_http_request(Some("Bearer xyz"), None).unwrap();
        req.headers_mut().insert(
            AUTHORIZATION_HEADER,
            "Bearer from-x-greptime".parse().unwrap(),
        );
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&req), Some("from-x-greptime"));

        // Non-bearer schemes are ignored so the caller falls through to Basic.
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&bearer("Basic", "dXNlcjpwYXNz")), None);
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&bearer("Token", "u:p")), None);
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&bearer("Splunk", "u:p")), None);

        // No header, empty token.
        assert_eq!(
            extract_bearer_token(&mock_http_request(None, None).unwrap()),
            None
        );
        assert_eq!(extract_bearer_token(&bearer("Bearer", "")), None);
    }

    /// A `UserProvider` that resolves exactly one bearer token to a known user
    /// and rejects everything else (including password auth).
    struct TokenUserProvider {
        token: String,
        user: auth::UserInfoRef,
    }

    #[async_trait::async_trait]
    impl auth::UserProvider for TokenUserProvider {
        fn name(&self) -> &str {
            "token-test"
        }

        async fn authenticate(
            &self,
            _: auth::Identity<'_>,
            _: auth::Password<'_>,
        ) -> auth::error::Result<auth::UserInfoRef> {
            unreachable!("password auth should not be reached for a bearer request")
        }

        async fn authorize(
            &self,
            _: &str,
            _: &str,
            _: &auth::UserInfoRef,
        ) -> auth::error::Result<()> {
            Ok(())
        }

        async fn auth_bearer_token(
            &self,
            token: &str,
            _: &str,
            _: &str,
        ) -> auth::error::Result<auth::UserInfoRef> {
            if token == self.token {
                Ok(self.user.clone())
            } else {
                auth::error::UnsupportedAuthMethodSnafu {
                    method: "bearer token",
                }
                .fail()
            }
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_bearer_token_dispatches_to_auth_bearer_token() {
        let provider = TokenUserProvider {
            token: "good-token".to_string(),
            user: auth::userinfo_by_name(Some("alice".into())),
        };
        let req = mock_http_request(Some("Bearer good-token"), None).unwrap();

        let req = inner_auth::<()>(
            Some(std::sync::Arc::new(provider) as auth::UserProviderRef),
            req,
        )
        .await
        .expect("valid bearer token authenticates");

        let user = req
            .extensions()
            .get::<session::context::QueryContext>()
            .expect("query context is populated")
            .current_user();
        assert_eq!(user.username(), "alice");
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_bearer_token_failure_rejects() {
        let provider = TokenUserProvider {
            token: "good-token".to_string(),
            user: auth::userinfo_by_name(Some("alice".into())),
        };
        let req = mock_http_request(Some("Bearer bad-token"), None).unwrap();

        let result = inner_auth::<()>(
            Some(std::sync::Arc::new(provider) as auth::UserProviderRef),
            req,
        )
        .await;
        assert!(result.is_err(), "an invalid bearer token is rejected");
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_default_provider_rejects_bearer() {
        // A password-only provider uses the default `auth_bearer_token`, which rejects.
        let provider =
            auth::user_provider_from_option("static_user_provider:cmd:alice=s3cret").unwrap();
        let req = mock_http_request(Some("Bearer some-jwt"), None).unwrap();
        let result = inner_auth::<()>(Some(provider), req).await;
        assert!(
            result.is_err(),
            "password-only providers reject bearer tokens"
        );
    }

    /// A bearer-token failure on a Splunk HEC request must keep the HEC
    /// contract — `{"text":"Invalid token","code":4}` with FORBIDDEN —
    /// instead of falling through to the generic 401 `ErrorResponse`.
    /// Regression for the bearer/splunk routing gap.
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_bearer_failure_on_splunk_keeps_hec_contract() {
        let provider = TokenUserProvider {
            token: "good-token".to_string(),
            user: auth::userinfo_by_name(Some("alice".into())),
        };
        let req = mock_http_request(
            Some("Bearer bad-token"),
            Some("http://127.0.0.1/v1/splunk/services/collector/event"),
        )
        .unwrap();

        let resp = inner_auth::<()>(
            Some(std::sync::Arc::new(provider) as auth::UserProviderRef),
            req,
        )
        .await
        .expect_err("an invalid bearer token is rejected");

        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
        let body = axum::body::to_bytes(resp.into_body(), usize::MAX)
            .await
            .unwrap();
        let payload: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(payload["code"], 4);
        assert_eq!(payload["text"], "Invalid token");
    }
}