greptimedb/tests/cases/standalone/common/function/string/concat.result

-- String concatenation function tests
-- Test CONCAT function
-- Basic concatenation
SELECT CONCAT('hello', 'world');

+-------------------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("hello"),Utf8("world")) |
+-------------------------------------+
| helloworld                          |
+-------------------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT('hello', ' ', 'world');

+-----------------------------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("hello"),Utf8(" "),Utf8("world")) |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| hello world                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT('a', 'b', 'c', 'd');

+-------------------------------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("a"),Utf8("b"),Utf8("c"),Utf8("d")) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| abcd                                            |
+-------------------------------------------------+

-- Concatenation with NULL values
SELECT CONCAT('hello', NULL);

+----------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("hello"),NULL) |
+----------------------------+
| hello                      |
+----------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT(NULL, 'world');

+----------------------------+
| concat(NULL,Utf8("world")) |
+----------------------------+
| world                      |
+----------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT(NULL, NULL);

+-------------------+
| concat(NULL,NULL) |
+-------------------+
|                   |
+-------------------+

-- Concatenation with numbers (should convert to string)
SELECT CONCAT('value: ', 42);

+-----------------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("value: "),Int64(42)) |
+-----------------------------------+
| value: 42                         |
+-----------------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT(1, 2, 3);

+------------------------------------+
| concat(Int64(1),Int64(2),Int64(3)) |
+------------------------------------+
| 123                                |
+------------------------------------+

-- Test with table data
CREATE TABLE concat_test(first_name VARCHAR, last_name VARCHAR, age INTEGER, ts TIMESTAMP TIME INDEX);

Affected Rows: 0

INSERT INTO concat_test VALUES
    ('John', 'Doe', 30, 1000),
    ('Jane', 'Smith', 25, 2000),
    ('Bob', NULL, 35, 3000),
    (NULL, 'Wilson', 40, 4000);

Affected Rows: 4

-- Concatenate table columns
SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) as full_name FROM concat_test ORDER BY ts;

+------------+
| full_name  |
+------------+
| John Doe   |
| Jane Smith |
| Bob        |
|  Wilson    |
+------------+

SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' is ', age, ' years old') FROM concat_test ORDER BY ts;

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat(concat_test.first_name,Utf8(" is "),concat_test.age,Utf8(" years old")) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| John is 30 years old                                                           |
| Jane is 25 years old                                                           |
| Bob is 35 years old                                                            |
|  is 40 years old                                                               |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

-- Test CONCAT_WS (concat with separator)
SELECT CONCAT_WS(' ', first_name, last_name) as full_name FROM concat_test ORDER BY ts;

+------------+
| full_name  |
+------------+
| John Doe   |
| Jane Smith |
| Bob        |
| Wilson     |
+------------+

SELECT CONCAT_WS('-', first_name, last_name, age) FROM concat_test ORDER BY ts;

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat_ws(Utf8("-"),concat_test.first_name,concat_test.last_name,concat_test.age) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| John-Doe-30                                                                       |
| Jane-Smith-25                                                                     |
| Bob-35                                                                            |
| Wilson-40                                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT_WS(',', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd');

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat_ws(Utf8(","),Utf8("a"),Utf8("b"),Utf8("c"),Utf8("d")) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| a,b,c,d                                                      |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

-- CONCAT_WS with NULL values (should skip NULLs)
SELECT CONCAT_WS(' ', 'hello', NULL, 'world');

+-------------------------------------------------------+
| concat_ws(Utf8(" "),Utf8("hello"),NULL,Utf8("world")) |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| hello world                                           |
+-------------------------------------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT_WS('|', first_name, last_name) FROM concat_test ORDER BY ts;

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat_ws(Utf8("|"),concat_test.first_name,concat_test.last_name) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| John|Doe                                                          |
| Jane|Smith                                                        |
| Bob                                                               |
| Wilson                                                            |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

-- Test pipe operator ||
SELECT 'hello' || 'world';

+--------------------------------+
| Utf8("hello") || Utf8("world") |
+--------------------------------+
| helloworld                     |
+--------------------------------+

SELECT 'hello' || ' ' || 'world';

+---------------------------------------------+
| Utf8("hello") || Utf8(" ") || Utf8("world") |
+---------------------------------------------+
| hello world                                 |
+---------------------------------------------+

SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name FROM concat_test WHERE first_name IS NOT NULL AND last_name IS NOT NULL ORDER BY ts;

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat_test.first_name || Utf8(" ") || concat_test.last_name |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| John Doe                                                     |
| Jane Smith                                                   |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

-- Unicode concatenation
SELECT CONCAT('Hello ', '世界');

+-------------------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("Hello "),Utf8("世界")) |
+-------------------------------------+
| Hello 世界                          |
+-------------------------------------+

SELECT CONCAT('🚀', ' ', '🌟');

+-----------------------------------------+
| concat(Utf8("🚀"),Utf8(" "),Utf8("🌟")) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 🚀 🌟                                   |
+-----------------------------------------+

SELECT '中文' || '🐄';

+----------------------------+
| Utf8("中文") || Utf8("🐄") |
+----------------------------+
| 中文🐄                     |
+----------------------------+

DROP TABLE concat_test;

Affected Rows: 0