fix(python): align wheel ABI with supported versions (#3884)

## Summary

- align the PyO3 runtime and build ABI floor with the declared Python
3.10 minimum
- add a regression test that keeps both ABI features synchronized with
`requires-python`

## Root cause

The Python 3.10 support-floor update originally changed PyO3 to
`abi3-py310`, but a later dependency update reverted both PyO3 features
to `abi3-py39`. Published Windows wheels were consequently tagged
`cp39-abi3` while importing `PyCMethod_New`, a stable-ABI procedure
absent from CPython 3.9.0 and 3.9.1. Windows reports that mismatch as
“The specified procedure could not be found” while loading `_lancedb`.

Restoring `abi3-py310` makes the wheel tag and native imports agree with
the package metadata and prevents future wheels from advertising
unsupported Python 3.9 compatibility.

## Validation

- `uv run --extra tests pytest python/tests/test_package_metadata.py -q`
- `uv run --extra tests --extra dev ruff format --check .`
- `uv run --extra tests --extra dev ruff check .`
- `cargo fmt --all`
- `cargo check --quiet -p lancedb-python`
- `uvx --from maturin==1.12.4 maturin build --profile ci` (built
`lancedb-0.37.1b0-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl`)

Fixes #2051

<!-- lance-gatekeeper-fix:v1 agent=d66c984498190d2207d1c5126cba5047
generation=1 -->

---------

Co-authored-by: Gatefixer <313497061+lancedb-gatefixer[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

python/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ lance-namespace-impls.workspace = true
 lance-io.workspace = true
 env_logger.workspace = true
 log.workspace = true
-pyo3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["extension-module", "abi3-py39", "chrono"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.28", features = ["extension-module", "abi3-py310", "chrono"] }
 chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
 pyo3-async-runtimes = { version = "0.28", features = [
     "attributes",
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ libc = "0.2"
 [build-dependencies]
 pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.28", features = [
     "extension-module",
-    "abi3-py39",
+    "abi3-py310",
 ] }
 
 [features]

python/python/tests/test_package_metadata.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+import importlib
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_pyo3_abi_matches_minimum_supported_python():
+    project_dir = Path(__file__).parents[2]
+    pyproject = (project_dir / "pyproject.toml").read_text()
+    cargo_manifest = (project_dir / "Cargo.toml").read_text()
+
+    minimum_python = re.search(
+        r'^requires-python\s*=\s*">=(\d+)\.(\d+)"$', pyproject, re.MULTILINE
+    )
+    assert minimum_python is not None
+
+    major, minor = minimum_python.groups()
+    expected_abi = f"abi3-py{major}{minor}"
+    configured_abis = re.findall(r'"(abi3-py\d+)"', cargo_manifest)
+
+    assert configured_abis == [expected_abi, expected_abi], (
+        "the pyo3 runtime and build ABI features must both match requires-python"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="Windows wheel regression test")
+def test_windows_wheel_tag_and_native_import():
+    project_dir = Path(__file__).parents[2]
+    wheels = list((project_dir.parent / "target" / "wheels").glob("lancedb-*.whl"))
+    if not wheels:
+        pytest.skip("no wheel artifact is available in this development environment")
+
+    assert len(wheels) == 1
+    assert wheels[0].name.endswith("-cp310-abi3-win_amd64.whl")
+
+    native_module = importlib.import_module("lancedb._lancedb")
+    assert Path(native_module.__file__).suffix == ".pyd"