diff --git a/python/python/lancedb/merge.py b/python/python/lancedb/merge.py
index 69671c5e..48cc9847 100644
--- a/python/python/lancedb/merge.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/merge.py
@@ -104,4 +104,4 @@ class LanceMergeInsertBuilder(object):
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
         """
-        self._table._do_merge(self, new_data, on_bad_vectors, fill_value)
+        return self._table._do_merge(self, new_data, on_bad_vectors, fill_value)
diff --git a/python/python/lancedb/table.py b/python/python/lancedb/table.py
index 59e0d465..b4f8a2e6 100644
--- a/python/python/lancedb/table.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/table.py
@@ -2464,7 +2464,31 @@ class AsyncTable:
         on_bad_vectors: str,
         fill_value: float,
     ):
-        pass
+        schema = await self.schema()
+        if on_bad_vectors is None:
+            on_bad_vectors = "error"
+        if fill_value is None:
+            fill_value = 0.0
+        data, _ = _sanitize_data(
+            new_data,
+            schema,
+            metadata=schema.metadata,
+            on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
+            fill_value=fill_value,
+        )
+        if isinstance(data, pa.Table):
+            data = pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(data.schema, data.to_batches())
+        await self._inner.execute_merge_insert(
+            data,
+            dict(
+                on=merge._on,
+                when_matched_update_all=merge._when_matched_update_all,
+                when_matched_update_all_condition=merge._when_matched_update_all_condition,
+                when_not_matched_insert_all=merge._when_not_matched_insert_all,
+                when_not_matched_by_source_delete=merge._when_not_matched_by_source_delete,
+                when_not_matched_by_source_condition=merge._when_not_matched_by_source_condition,
+            ),
+        )
 
     async def delete(self, where: str):
         """Delete rows from the table.
diff --git a/python/python/tests/test_table.py b/python/python/tests/test_table.py
index c32a5c98..cc5ecbd2 100644
--- a/python/python/tests/test_table.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_table.py
@@ -636,11 +636,13 @@ def test_merge_insert(db):
     new_data = pa.table({"a": [2, 4], "b": ["x", "z"]})
 
     # replace-range
-    table.merge_insert(
-        "a"
-    ).when_matched_update_all().when_not_matched_insert_all().when_not_matched_by_source_delete(
-        "a > 2"
-    ).execute(new_data)
+    (
+        table.merge_insert("a")
+        .when_matched_update_all()
+        .when_not_matched_insert_all()
+        .when_not_matched_by_source_delete("a > 2")
+        .execute(new_data)
+    )
 
     expected = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 4], "b": ["a", "x", "z"]})
     assert table.to_arrow().sort_by("a") == expected
@@ -658,6 +660,75 @@ def test_merge_insert(db):
     assert table.to_arrow().sort_by("a") == expected
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_merge_insert_async(db_async: AsyncConnection):
+    data = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": ["a", "b", "c"]})
+    table = await db_async.create_table("some_table", data=data)
+    assert await table.count_rows() == 3
+    version = await table.version()
+
+    new_data = pa.table({"a": [2, 3, 4], "b": ["x", "y", "z"]})
+
+    # upsert
+    await (
+        table.merge_insert("a")
+        .when_matched_update_all()
+        .when_not_matched_insert_all()
+        .execute(new_data)
+    )
+    expected = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 3, 4], "b": ["a", "x", "y", "z"]})
+    assert (await table.to_arrow()).sort_by("a") == expected
+
+    await table.checkout(version)
+    await table.restore()
+
+    # conditional update
+    await (
+        table.merge_insert("a")
+        .when_matched_update_all(where="target.b = 'b'")
+        .execute(new_data)
+    )
+    expected = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": ["a", "x", "c"]})
+    assert (await table.to_arrow()).sort_by("a") == expected
+
+    await table.checkout(version)
+    await table.restore()
+
+    # insert-if-not-exists
+    await table.merge_insert("a").when_not_matched_insert_all().execute(new_data)
+    expected = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 3, 4], "b": ["a", "b", "c", "z"]})
+    assert (await table.to_arrow()).sort_by("a") == expected
+
+    await table.checkout(version)
+    await table.restore()
+
+    # replace-range
+    new_data = pa.table({"a": [2, 4], "b": ["x", "z"]})
+    await (
+        table.merge_insert("a")
+        .when_matched_update_all()
+        .when_not_matched_insert_all()
+        .when_not_matched_by_source_delete("a > 2")
+        .execute(new_data)
+    )
+    expected = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 4], "b": ["a", "x", "z"]})
+    assert (await table.to_arrow()).sort_by("a") == expected
+
+    await table.checkout(version)
+    await table.restore()
+
+    # replace-range no condition
+    await (
+        table.merge_insert("a")
+        .when_matched_update_all()
+        .when_not_matched_insert_all()
+        .when_not_matched_by_source_delete()
+        .execute(new_data)
+    )
+    expected = pa.table({"a": [2, 4], "b": ["x", "z"]})
+    assert (await table.to_arrow()).sort_by("a") == expected
+
+
 def test_create_with_embedding_function(db):
     class MyTable(LanceModel):
         text: str
diff --git a/python/src/table.rs b/python/src/table.rs
index 957bf76f..b5087f8d 100644
--- a/python/src/table.rs
+++ b/python/src/table.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use pyo3::{
     exceptions::{PyRuntimeError, PyValueError},
     pyclass, pymethods,
     types::{PyDict, PyDictMethods, PyString},
-    Bound, PyAny, PyRef, PyResult, Python, ToPyObject,
+    Bound, FromPyObject, PyAny, PyRef, PyResult, Python, ToPyObject,
 };
 use pyo3_asyncio_0_21::tokio::future_into_py;
 
@@ -331,6 +331,31 @@ impl Table {
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn execute_merge_insert<'a>(
+        self_: PyRef<'a, Self>,
+        data: Bound<'a, PyAny>,
+        parameters: MergeInsertParams,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'a, PyAny>> {
+        let batches: ArrowArrayStreamReader = ArrowArrayStreamReader::from_pyarrow_bound(&data)?;
+        let on = parameters.on.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let mut builder = self_.inner_ref()?.merge_insert(&on);
+        if parameters.when_matched_update_all {
+            builder.when_matched_update_all(parameters.when_matched_update_all_condition);
+        }
+        if parameters.when_not_matched_insert_all {
+            builder.when_not_matched_insert_all();
+        }
+        if parameters.when_not_matched_by_source_delete {
+            builder
+                .when_not_matched_by_source_delete(parameters.when_not_matched_by_source_condition);
+        }
+
+        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
+            builder.execute(Box::new(batches)).await.infer_error()?;
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn uses_v2_manifest_paths(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
         let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
         future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
@@ -355,3 +380,14 @@ impl Table {
         })
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(FromPyObject)]
+#[pyo3(from_item_all)]
+pub struct MergeInsertParams {
+    on: Vec<String>,
+    when_matched_update_all: bool,
+    when_matched_update_all_condition: Option<String>,
+    when_not_matched_insert_all: bool,
+    when_not_matched_by_source_delete: bool,
+    when_not_matched_by_source_condition: Option<String>,
+}