feat: add a basic async python client starting point (#1014)

This changes `lancedb` from a "pure python" setuptools project to a
maturin project and adds a rust lancedb dependency.

The async python client is extremely minimal (only `connect` and
`Connection.table_names` are supported). The purpose of this PR is to
get the infrastructure in place for building out the rest of the async
client.

Although this is not technically a breaking change (no APIs are
changing) it is still a considerable change in the way the wheels are
built because they now include the native shared library.

python/python/tests/test_io.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#  Copyright 2023 LanceDB Developers
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import os
+
+import lancedb
+import pytest
+
+# You need to setup AWS credentials an a base path to run this test. Example
+#    AWS_PROFILE=default TEST_S3_BASE_URL=s3://my_bucket/dataset pytest tests/test_io.py
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    (os.environ.get("TEST_S3_BASE_URL") is None),
+    reason="please setup s3 base url",
+)
+def test_s3_io():
+    db = lancedb.connect(os.environ.get("TEST_S3_BASE_URL"))
+    assert db.table_names() == []
+
+    table = db.create_table(
+        "test",
+        data=[
+            {"vector": [3.1, 4.1], "item": "foo", "price": 10.0},
+            {"vector": [5.9, 26.5], "item": "bar", "price": 20.0},
+        ],
+    )
+    rs = table.search([100, 100]).limit(1).to_pandas()
+    assert len(rs) == 1
+    assert rs["item"].iloc[0] == "bar"
+
+    rs = table.search([100, 100]).where("price < 15").limit(2).to_pandas()
+    assert len(rs) == 1
+    assert rs["item"].iloc[0] == "foo"
+
+    assert db.table_names() == ["test"]
+    assert "test" in db
+    assert len(db) == 1
+
+    assert db.open_table("test").name == db["test"].name