feat(python): async-sync feature parity on Table (#1914)

### Changes to sync API
* Updated `LanceTable` and `LanceDBConnection` reprs
* Add `storage_options`, `data_storage_version`, and
`enable_v2_manifest_paths` to sync create table API.
* Add `storage_options` to `open_table` in sync API.
* Add `list_indices()` and `index_stats()` to sync API
* `create_table()` will now create only 1 version when data is passed.
Previously it would always create two versions: 1 to create an empty
table and 1 to add data to it.

### Changes to async API
* Add `embedding_functions` to async `create_table()` API.
* Added `head()` to async API

### Refactors
* Refactor index parameters into dataclasses so they are easier to use
from Python
* Moved most tests to use an in-memory DB so we don't need to create so
many temp directories

Closes #1792
Closes #1932

---------

Co-authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>

python/python/tests/test_fts.py

@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ import random
 from unittest import mock
 
 import lancedb as ldb
+from lancedb.db import DBConnection
 from lancedb.index import FTS
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
+from utils import exception_output
 
 pytest.importorskip("lancedb.fts")
 tantivy = pytest.importorskip("tantivy")
@@ -458,3 +460,44 @@ def test_syntax(table):
     table.search('the cats OR dogs were not really "pets" at all').phrase_query().limit(
         10
     ).to_list()
+
+
+def test_language(mem_db: DBConnection):
+    sentences = [
+        "Il n'y a que trois routes qui traversent la ville.",
+        "Je veux prendre la route vers l'est.",
+        "Je te retrouve au café au bout de la route.",
+    ]
+    data = [{"text": s} for s in sentences]
+    table = mem_db.create_table("test", data=data)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
+        table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, language="klingon")
+
+    assert exception_output(e) == (
+        "ValueError: LanceDB does not support the requested language: 'klingon'\n"
+        "Supported languages: Arabic, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, "
+        "German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, "
+        "Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Turkish"
+    )
+
+    table.create_fts_index(
+        "text",
+        use_tantivy=False,
+        language="French",
+        stem=True,
+        ascii_folding=True,
+        remove_stop_words=True,
+    )
+
+    # Can get "routes" and "route" from the same root
+    results = table.search("route", query_type="fts").limit(5).to_list()
+    assert len(results) == 3
+
+    # Can find "café", without needing to provide accent
+    results = table.search("cafe", query_type="fts").limit(5).to_list()
+    assert len(results) == 1
+
+    # Stop words -> no results
+    results = table.search("la", query_type="fts").limit(5).to_list()
+    assert len(results) == 0