feat(python): add public take_offsets method on Permutation (#3375)

Closes #3243.

This PR exposes a new public api `Permutation.take_offsets(offsets:
list[int])`, since users initially had to call __getitems__ directly to
batch-fetch rows by position.

Currently, the name matches the existing `Table.take_offsets` pattern,
and now the dunder `__getitem__` and `__getitems__` now delegate to it.

Also, fixes a parse error when `PermutationReader::take_offsets` gets an
empty list. Now returns an empty `RecordBatch` with the correct schema
instead. Bundled this because without the fix the new public API blows
up on a perfectly reasonable input.

`__getitems__` is preserved since PyTorch's batched DataLoader requires
it.

### Testing

- Added 3 new Rust tests for empty offsets including permutation table
with Select::All, Select::Columns, and identity path
- Added 3 new Python tests for the public API including a happy case,
and empty input on both identity and permutation

clippy, format, check all clean!

cc: @westonpace

python/python/tests/test_permutation.py

@@ -1080,3 +1080,29 @@ def test_getitems_invalid_offset(some_permutation: Permutation):
     """Test __getitems__ with an out-of-range offset raises an error."""
     with pytest.raises(Exception):
         some_permutation.__getitems__([999999])
+
+
+def test_take_offsets(some_permutation: Permutation):
+    result = some_permutation.take_offsets([0, 1, 2])
+
+    assert isinstance(result, list)
+    assert "id" in result[0]
+    assert "value" in result[0]
+    assert len(result) == 3
+
+
+def test_take_offsets_empty_identity_permutation(mem_db):
+    tbl = mem_db.create_table(
+        "test_table", pa.table({"id": range(10), "value": range(10)})
+    )
+    permutation = Permutation.identity(tbl)
+
+    result = permutation.take_offsets([])
+
+    assert result == []
+
+
+def test_take_offsets_empty_permutation(some_permutation: Permutation):
+    result = some_permutation.take_offsets([])
+
+    assert result == []