docs: add example for querying a lance table with SQL (#2389)

Adds example for querying a dataset with SQL

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

- **Documentation**
- Added new guides on querying LanceDB tables using SQL with DuckDB and
Apache Datafusion.
- Included detailed instructions for integrating LanceDB with Datafusion
in Python.
- Updated navigation to include Datafusion and SQL querying
documentation.
- Improved formatting in TypeScript and vectordb update examples for
consistency.

- **Tests**
- Added a new test demonstrating SQL querying on Lance tables via
DataFusion integration.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

---------

Co-authored-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ tests = [
     "pyarrow-stubs",
     "pylance>=0.25",
     "requests",
+    "datafusion",
 ]
 dev = [
     "ruff",

python/python/tests/docs/test_guide_tables.py

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ import numpy as np
 from lancedb.pydantic import Vector, LanceModel
 
 # --8<-- [end:import-lancedb-pydantic]
+# --8<-- [start:import-session-context]
+from datafusion import SessionContext
+
+# --8<-- [end:import-session-context]
 # --8<-- [start:import-datetime]
 from datetime import timedelta
 
@@ -33,6 +37,10 @@ from datetime import timedelta
 from lancedb.embeddings import get_registry
 
 # --8<-- [end:import-embeddings]
+# --8<-- [start:import-ffi-dataset]
+from lance import FFILanceTableProvider
+
+# --8<-- [end:import-ffi-dataset]
 # --8<-- [start:import-pydantic-basemodel]
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -341,6 +349,27 @@ def test_table_with_embedding():
     # --8<-- [end:create_table_with_embedding]
 
 
+def test_sql_query():
+    db = lancedb.connect("data/sample-lancedb")
+    data = [
+        {"vector": [1.1, 1.2], "lat": 45.5, "long": -122.7},
+        {"vector": [0.2, 1.8], "lat": 40.1, "long": -74.1},
+    ]
+    table = db.create_table("lance_table", data)
+
+    # --8<-- [start:lance_sql_basic]
+    ctx = SessionContext()
+    ffi_lance_table = FFILanceTableProvider(
+        table.to_lance(), with_row_id=False, with_row_addr=False
+    )
+
+    ctx.register_table_provider("ffi_lance_table", ffi_lance_table)
+    ctx.table("ffi_lance_table")
+
+    ctx.sql("SELECT vector FROM ffi_lance_table")
+    # --8<-- [end:lance_sql_basic]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skip
 async def test_table_with_embedding_async():
     async_db = await lancedb.connect_async("data/sample-lancedb")