diff --git a/python/python/lancedb/index.py b/python/python/lancedb/index.py
index dbcb6013..0ddb29c9 100644
--- a/python/python/lancedb/index.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/index.py
@@ -251,6 +251,13 @@ class HnswPq:
         results. In most cases, there is no benefit to setting this higher than 500.
         This value should be set to a value that is not less than `ef` in the
         search phase.
+
+    target_partition_size, default is 1,048,576
+
+        The target size of each partition.
+
+        This value controls the tradeoff between search performance and accuracy.
+        faster search but less accurate results as higher value.
     """
 
     distance_type: Literal["l2", "cosine", "dot"] = "l2"
@@ -261,6 +268,7 @@ class HnswPq:
     sample_rate: int = 256
     m: int = 20
     ef_construction: int = 300
+    target_partition_size: Optional[int] = None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -351,6 +359,12 @@ class HnswSq:
         This value should be set to a value that is not less than `ef` in the search
         phase.
 
+    target_partition_size, default is 1,048,576
+
+        The target size of each partition.
+
+        This value controls the tradeoff between search performance and accuracy.
+        faster search but less accurate results as higher value.
     """
 
     distance_type: Literal["l2", "cosine", "dot"] = "l2"
@@ -359,6 +373,7 @@ class HnswSq:
     sample_rate: int = 256
     m: int = 20
     ef_construction: int = 300
+    target_partition_size: Optional[int] = None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -444,12 +459,20 @@ class IvfFlat:
         cases the default should be sufficient.
 
         The default value is 256.
+
+    target_partition_size, default is 8192
+
+        The target size of each partition.
+
+        This value controls the tradeoff between search performance and accuracy.
+        faster search but less accurate results as higher value.
     """
 
     distance_type: Literal["l2", "cosine", "dot", "hamming"] = "l2"
     num_partitions: Optional[int] = None
     max_iterations: int = 50
     sample_rate: int = 256
+    target_partition_size: Optional[int] = None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -564,6 +587,13 @@ class IvfPq:
         cases the default should be sufficient.
 
         The default value is 256.
+
+    target_partition_size, default is 8192
+
+        The target size of each partition.
+
+        This value controls the tradeoff between search performance and accuracy.
+        faster search but less accurate results as higher value.
     """
 
     distance_type: Literal["l2", "cosine", "dot"] = "l2"
@@ -572,6 +602,7 @@ class IvfPq:
     num_bits: int = 8
     max_iterations: int = 50
     sample_rate: int = 256
+    target_partition_size: Optional[int] = None
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/python/python/lancedb/table.py b/python/python/lancedb/table.py
index b8290907..21333f8d 100644
--- a/python/python/lancedb/table.py
+++ b/python/python/lancedb/table.py
@@ -691,6 +691,7 @@ class Table(ABC):
         ef_construction: int = 300,
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         train: bool = True,
+        target_partition_size: Optional[int] = None,
     ):
         """Create an index on the table.
 
@@ -2002,6 +2003,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
         *,
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         train: bool = True,
+        target_partition_size: Optional[int] = None,
     ):
         """Create an index on the table."""
         if accelerator is not None:
@@ -2018,6 +2020,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                 num_bits=num_bits,
                 m=m,
                 ef_construction=ef_construction,
+                target_partition_size=target_partition_size,
             )
             self.checkout_latest()
             return
@@ -2027,6 +2030,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                 num_partitions=num_partitions,
                 max_iterations=max_iterations,
                 sample_rate=sample_rate,
+                target_partition_size=target_partition_size,
             )
         elif index_type == "IVF_PQ":
             config = IvfPq(
@@ -2036,6 +2040,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                 num_bits=num_bits,
                 max_iterations=max_iterations,
                 sample_rate=sample_rate,
+                target_partition_size=target_partition_size,
             )
         elif index_type == "IVF_HNSW_PQ":
             config = HnswPq(
@@ -2047,6 +2052,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                 sample_rate=sample_rate,
                 m=m,
                 ef_construction=ef_construction,
+                target_partition_size=target_partition_size,
             )
         elif index_type == "IVF_HNSW_SQ":
             config = HnswSq(
@@ -2056,6 +2062,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                 sample_rate=sample_rate,
                 m=m,
                 ef_construction=ef_construction,
+                target_partition_size=target_partition_size,
             )
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Unknown index type {index_type}")
diff --git a/python/python/tests/test_table.py b/python/python/tests/test_table.py
index 8730002f..cc55997a 100644
--- a/python/python/tests/test_table.py
+++ b/python/python/tests/test_table.py
@@ -674,6 +674,45 @@ def test_create_index_method(mock_create_index, mem_db: DBConnection):
         "vector", replace=True, config=expected_config, name=None, train=True
     )
 
+    # Test with target_partition_size
+    table.create_index(
+        metric="l2",
+        num_sub_vectors=96,
+        vector_column_name="vector",
+        replace=True,
+        index_cache_size=256,
+        num_bits=4,
+        target_partition_size=8192,
+    )
+    expected_config = IvfPq(
+        distance_type="l2",
+        num_sub_vectors=96,
+        num_bits=4,
+        target_partition_size=8192,
+    )
+    mock_create_index.assert_called_with(
+        "vector", replace=True, config=expected_config, name=None, train=True
+    )
+
+    # target_partition_size has a default value,
+    # so `num_partitions` and `target_partition_size` are not required
+    table.create_index(
+        metric="l2",
+        num_sub_vectors=96,
+        vector_column_name="vector",
+        replace=True,
+        index_cache_size=256,
+        num_bits=4,
+    )
+    expected_config = IvfPq(
+        distance_type="l2",
+        num_sub_vectors=96,
+        num_bits=4,
+    )
+    mock_create_index.assert_called_with(
+        "vector", replace=True, config=expected_config, name=None, train=True
+    )
+
     table.create_index(
         vector_column_name="my_vector",
         metric="dot",
diff --git a/python/src/index.rs b/python/src/index.rs
index 0381c21c..e0eb927a 100644
--- a/python/src/index.rs
+++ b/python/src/index.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ pub fn extract_index_params(source: &Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>>) -> PyResult<Lance
                 if let Some(num_partitions) = params.num_partitions {
                     ivf_flat_builder = ivf_flat_builder.num_partitions(num_partitions);
                 }
+                if let Some(target_partition_size) = params.target_partition_size {
+                    ivf_flat_builder = ivf_flat_builder.target_partition_size(target_partition_size);
+                }
                 Ok(LanceDbIndex::IvfFlat(ivf_flat_builder))
             },
             "IvfPq" => {
@@ -76,6 +79,9 @@ pub fn extract_index_params(source: &Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>>) -> PyResult<Lance
                 if let Some(num_partitions) = params.num_partitions {
                     ivf_pq_builder = ivf_pq_builder.num_partitions(num_partitions);
                 }
+                if let Some(target_partition_size) = params.target_partition_size {
+                    ivf_pq_builder = ivf_pq_builder.target_partition_size(target_partition_size);
+                }
                 if let Some(num_sub_vectors) = params.num_sub_vectors {
                     ivf_pq_builder = ivf_pq_builder.num_sub_vectors(num_sub_vectors);
                 }
@@ -94,6 +100,9 @@ pub fn extract_index_params(source: &Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>>) -> PyResult<Lance
                 if let Some(num_partitions) = params.num_partitions {
                     hnsw_pq_builder = hnsw_pq_builder.num_partitions(num_partitions);
                 }
+                if let Some(target_partition_size) = params.target_partition_size {
+                    hnsw_pq_builder = hnsw_pq_builder.target_partition_size(target_partition_size);
+                }
                 if let Some(num_sub_vectors) = params.num_sub_vectors {
                     hnsw_pq_builder = hnsw_pq_builder.num_sub_vectors(num_sub_vectors);
                 }
@@ -111,6 +120,9 @@ pub fn extract_index_params(source: &Option<Bound<'_, PyAny>>) -> PyResult<Lance
                 if let Some(num_partitions) = params.num_partitions {
                     hnsw_sq_builder = hnsw_sq_builder.num_partitions(num_partitions);
                 }
+                if let Some(target_partition_size) = params.target_partition_size {
+                    hnsw_sq_builder = hnsw_sq_builder.target_partition_size(target_partition_size);
+                }
                 Ok(LanceDbIndex::IvfHnswSq(hnsw_sq_builder))
             },
             not_supported => Err(PyValueError::new_err(format!(
@@ -144,6 +156,7 @@ struct IvfFlatParams {
     num_partitions: Option<u32>,
     max_iterations: u32,
     sample_rate: u32,
+    target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(FromPyObject)]
@@ -154,6 +167,7 @@ struct IvfPqParams {
     num_bits: u32,
     max_iterations: u32,
     sample_rate: u32,
+    target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(FromPyObject)]
@@ -166,6 +180,7 @@ struct IvfHnswPqParams {
     sample_rate: u32,
     m: u32,
     ef_construction: u32,
+    target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(FromPyObject)]
@@ -176,6 +191,7 @@ struct IvfHnswSqParams {
     sample_rate: u32,
     m: u32,
     ef_construction: u32,
+    target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 #[pyclass(get_all)]
diff --git a/rust/lancedb/src/index/vector.rs b/rust/lancedb/src/index/vector.rs
index 04d6a489..684c3839 100644
--- a/rust/lancedb/src/index/vector.rs
+++ b/rust/lancedb/src/index/vector.rs
@@ -112,6 +112,15 @@ macro_rules! impl_ivf_params_setter {
             self.max_iterations = max_iterations;
             self
         }
+
+        /// The target size of each partition.
+        ///
+        /// This value controls the tradeoff between search performance and accuracy.
+        /// The higher the value the faster the search but the less accurate the results will be.
+        pub fn target_partition_size(mut self, target_partition_size: u32) -> Self {
+            self.target_partition_size = Some(target_partition_size);
+            self
+        }
     };
 }
 
@@ -182,6 +191,7 @@ pub struct IvfFlatIndexBuilder {
     pub(crate) num_partitions: Option<u32>,
     pub(crate) sample_rate: u32,
     pub(crate) max_iterations: u32,
+    pub(crate) target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 impl Default for IvfFlatIndexBuilder {
@@ -191,6 +201,7 @@ impl Default for IvfFlatIndexBuilder {
             num_partitions: None,
             sample_rate: 256,
             max_iterations: 50,
+            target_partition_size: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -228,6 +239,7 @@ pub struct IvfPqIndexBuilder {
     pub(crate) num_partitions: Option<u32>,
     pub(crate) sample_rate: u32,
     pub(crate) max_iterations: u32,
+    pub(crate) target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 
     // PQ
     pub(crate) num_sub_vectors: Option<u32>,
@@ -243,6 +255,7 @@ impl Default for IvfPqIndexBuilder {
             num_bits: None,
             sample_rate: 256,
             max_iterations: 50,
+            target_partition_size: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -293,6 +306,7 @@ pub struct IvfHnswPqIndexBuilder {
     pub(crate) num_partitions: Option<u32>,
     pub(crate) sample_rate: u32,
     pub(crate) max_iterations: u32,
+    pub(crate) target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 
     // HNSW
     pub(crate) m: u32,
@@ -314,6 +328,7 @@ impl Default for IvfHnswPqIndexBuilder {
             max_iterations: 50,
             m: 20,
             ef_construction: 300,
+            target_partition_size: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -341,6 +356,7 @@ pub struct IvfHnswSqIndexBuilder {
     pub(crate) num_partitions: Option<u32>,
     pub(crate) sample_rate: u32,
     pub(crate) max_iterations: u32,
+    pub(crate) target_partition_size: Option<u32>,
 
     // HNSW
     pub(crate) m: u32,
@@ -358,6 +374,7 @@ impl Default for IvfHnswSqIndexBuilder {
             max_iterations: 50,
             m: 20,
             ef_construction: 300,
+            target_partition_size: None,
         }
     }
 }