ci: update deprecated GitHub Actions to latest versions (Fixes #3577) (#3608)

Fixes #3577

## Problem
GitHub Actions is deprecating Node.js 20 on its runners. Multiple
workflows in lancedb use action versions that target Node.js 20
(`actions/checkout@v4`, `actions/setup-node@v4`, `actions/cache@v4`,
`actions/upload-artifact@v4`, `actions/download-artifact@v4`,
`pnpm/action-setup@v4`). These are being force-run on Node.js 24,
generating deprecation warnings.

## Solution
Updated all deprecated actions to their latest major versions that
support Node.js 24:

| Action | Old Version | New Version |
|--------|------------|-------------|
| `actions/checkout` | @v4 | @v6 |
| `actions/setup-node` | @v4 | @v6 |
| `actions/cache` | @v4 | @v5 |
| `actions/upload-artifact` | @v4 | @v7 |
| `actions/download-artifact` | @v4 | @v8 |
| `pnpm/action-setup` | @v4 | @v6 |

Note: `actions/checkout@v6` and `actions/upload-artifact@v7` are already
used in `pypi-publish.yml` — this PR extends the same versions to all
remaining workflows.

### Files Changed
- `.github/workflows/npm-publish.yml` — Updated checkout, setup-node,
cache, upload-artifact, download-artifact, pnpm
- `.github/workflows/nodejs.yml` — Updated checkout, setup-node, pnpm
- `.github/workflows/python.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/rust.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/java.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/java-publish.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/cargo-publish.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/docs.yml` — Updated checkout, setup-node
- `.github/workflows/dev.yml` — Updated setup-node
- `.github/workflows/codex-fix-ci.yml` — Updated checkout, setup-node,
pnpm
- `.github/workflows/codex-update-lance-dependency.yml` — Updated
checkout, setup-node
- `.github/workflows/license-header-check.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/make-release-commit.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run.yml` — Updated checkout
- `.github/workflows/update_package_lock_run_nodejs.yml` — Updated
checkout

## Verification
- All 20 YAML files validated with `yaml.safe_load()` — no syntax errors
- GitHub Actions CI will validate the actual action versions at runtime

## Changelog

| Date | Change | Author |
|------|--------|--------|
| 2026-07-01 | Updated all deprecated Node 20 actions to latest versions
across 15 workflow files | rtmalikian |

---

**Disclosure:** This code was developed with assistance from
DeepSeek-v4-pro (DeepSeek) via Hermes Agent (Nous Research). All changes
were reviewed and verified for correctness.

Signed-off-by: rtmalikian <rtmalikian@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
       CC: clang-18
       CXX: clang++-18
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           lfs: true
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 10
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
         with:
           command: check advisories bans licenses sources
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ jobs:
       CC: clang
       CXX: clang++
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       # Building without a lock file often requires the latest Rust version since downstream
       # dependencies may have updated their minimum Rust version.
       - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:
       CXX: clang++-18
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SOPHON_READ_TOKEN }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           lfs: true
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         working-directory: rust
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           lfs: true
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ jobs:
       run:
         working-directory: rust/lancedb
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Set target
         run: rustup target add ${{ matrix.target }}
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ jobs:
       CC: clang-18
       CXX: clang++-18
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           submodules: true
       - name: Install dependencies