Bump version: 0.16.1-beta.0 → 0.17.0-beta.0

Users who call the remote SDK from code that uses futures (either
`ThreadPoolExecutor` or `asyncio`) can get odd errors like:

```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.12/asyncio/events.py", line 88, in _run
    self._context.run(self._callback, *self._args)
RuntimeError: cannot enter context: <_contextvars.Context object at 0x7cfe94cdc900> is already entered
```

This PR fixes that by executing all LanceDB futures in a dedicated
thread pool running on a background thread. That way, it doesn't
interact with their threadpool.

.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.13.0-beta.1"
+current_version = "0.13.1-beta.0"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
@@ -87,6 +87,16 @@ glob = "node/package.json"
 replace = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu\": \"{new_version}\""
 search = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu\": \"{current_version}\""
 
+[[tool.bumpversion.files]]
+glob = "node/package.json"
+replace = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-musl\": \"{new_version}\""
+search = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-musl\": \"{current_version}\""
+
+[[tool.bumpversion.files]]
+glob = "node/package.json"
+replace = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-musl\": \"{new_version}\""
+search = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-musl\": \"{current_version}\""
+
 [[tool.bumpversion.files]]
 glob = "node/package.json"
 replace = "\"@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc\": \"{new_version}\""

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ rustflags = [
 [target.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu]
 rustflags = ["-C", "target-cpu=haswell", "-C", "target-feature=+avx2,+fma,+f16c"]
 
+[target.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl]
+rustflags = ["-C", "target-cpu=haswell", "-C", "target-feature=-crt-static,+avx2,+fma,+f16c"]
+
 [target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
 rustflags = ["-C", "target-cpu=apple-m1", "-C", "target-feature=+neon,+fp16,+fhm,+dotprod"]
 

.github/workflows/nodejs.yml

@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ jobs:
         OPENAI_BASE_URL: http://0.0.0.0:8000
       run: |
         python ci/mock_openai.py &
-        ss -ltnp | grep :8000
         cd nodejs/examples
         npm test
   macos:

.github/workflows/npm-publish.yml

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ jobs:
           path: |
             nodejs/dist/*.node
 
-  node-linux:
+  node-linux-gnu:
     name: vectordb (${{ matrix.config.arch}}-unknown-linux-gnu)
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.runner }}
     # Only runs on tags that matches the make-release action
@@ -137,11 +137,63 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload Linux Artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: node-native-linux-${{ matrix.config.arch }}
+          name: node-native-linux-${{ matrix.config.arch }}-gnu
           path: |
             node/dist/lancedb-vectordb-linux*.tgz
 
-  nodejs-linux:
+  node-linux-musl:
+    name: vectordb (${{ matrix.config.arch}}-unknown-linux-musl)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: alpine:edge
+    # Only runs on tags that matches the make-release action
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config:
+          - arch: x86_64
+          - arch: aarch64
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install common dependencies
+        run: |
+          apk add protobuf-dev curl clang mold grep npm bash
+          curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.3 -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustup/refs/heads/master/rustup-init.sh | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain 1.80.0
+          echo "source $HOME/.cargo/env" >> saved_env
+          echo "export CC=clang" >> saved_env
+          echo "export RUSTFLAGS='-Ctarget-cpu=haswell -Ctarget-feature=-crt-static,+avx2,+fma,+f16c -Clinker=clang -Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=mold'" >> saved_env
+      - name: Configure aarch64 build
+        if: ${{ matrix.config.arch == 'aarch64' }}
+        run: |
+          source "$HOME/.cargo/env"
+          rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-musl --toolchain 1.80.0
+          crt=$(realpath $(dirname $(rustup which rustc))/../lib/rustlib/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained)
+          sysroot_lib=/usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl/usr/lib
+          apk_url=https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/main/aarch64/
+          curl -sSf $apk_url > apk_list
+          for pkg in gcc libgcc musl; do curl -sSf $apk_url$(cat apk_list | grep -oP '(?<=")'$pkg'-\d.*?(?=")') | tar zxf -; done
+          mkdir -p $sysroot_lib
+          echo 'GROUP ( libgcc_s.so.1 -lgcc )' > $sysroot_lib/libgcc_s.so
+          cp usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 $sysroot_lib
+          cp usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-alpine-linux-musl/*/libgcc.a $sysroot_lib
+          cp lib/ld-musl-aarch64.so.1 $sysroot_lib/libc.so
+          echo '!<arch>' > $sysroot_lib/libdl.a
+          (cd $crt && cp crti.o crtbeginS.o crtendS.o crtn.o -t $sysroot_lib)
+          echo "export CARGO_BUILD_TARGET=aarch64-unknown-linux-musl" >> saved_env
+          echo "export RUSTFLAGS='-Ctarget-cpu=apple-m1 -Ctarget-feature=-crt-static,+neon,+fp16,+fhm,+dotprod -Clinker=clang -Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=mold -Clink-arg=--target=aarch64-unknown-linux-musl -Clink-arg=--sysroot=/usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl -Clink-arg=-lc'" >> saved_env
+      - name: Build Linux Artifacts
+        run: |
+          source ./saved_env
+          bash ci/manylinux_node/build_vectordb.sh ${{ matrix.config.arch }}
+      - name: Upload Linux Artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: node-native-linux-${{ matrix.config.arch }}-musl
+          path: |
+            node/dist/lancedb-vectordb-linux*.tgz
+
+  nodejs-linux-gnu:
     name: lancedb (${{ matrix.config.arch}}-unknown-linux-gnu
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.runner }}
     # Only runs on tags that matches the make-release action
@@ -178,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload Linux Artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: nodejs-native-linux-${{ matrix.config.arch }}
+          name: nodejs-native-linux-${{ matrix.config.arch }}-gnu
           path: |
             nodejs/dist/*.node
       # The generic files are the same in all distros so we just pick
@@ -192,6 +244,62 @@ jobs:
             nodejs/dist/*
             !nodejs/dist/*.node
 
+  nodejs-linux-musl:
+    name: lancedb (${{ matrix.config.arch}}-unknown-linux-musl
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: alpine:edge
+    # Only runs on tags that matches the make-release action
+    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config:
+          - arch: x86_64
+          - arch: aarch64
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install common dependencies
+        run: |
+          apk add protobuf-dev curl clang mold grep npm bash openssl-dev openssl-libs-static
+          curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.3 -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustup/refs/heads/master/rustup-init.sh | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain 1.80.0
+          echo "source $HOME/.cargo/env" >> saved_env
+          echo "export CC=clang" >> saved_env
+          echo "export RUSTFLAGS='-Ctarget-cpu=haswell -Ctarget-feature=-crt-static,+avx2,+fma,+f16c -Clinker=clang -Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=mold'" >> saved_env
+          echo "export X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include" >> saved_env
+          echo "export X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_OPENSSL_LIB_DIR=/usr/lib" >> saved_env
+      - name: Configure aarch64 build
+        if: ${{ matrix.config.arch == 'aarch64' }}
+        run: |
+          source "$HOME/.cargo/env"
+          rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-musl --toolchain 1.80.0
+          crt=$(realpath $(dirname $(rustup which rustc))/../lib/rustlib/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained)
+          sysroot_lib=/usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl/usr/lib
+          apk_url=https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/main/aarch64/
+          curl -sSf $apk_url > apk_list
+          for pkg in gcc libgcc musl openssl-dev openssl-libs-static; do curl -sSf $apk_url$(cat apk_list | grep -oP '(?<=")'$pkg'-\d.*?(?=")') | tar zxf -; done
+          mkdir -p $sysroot_lib
+          echo 'GROUP ( libgcc_s.so.1 -lgcc )' > $sysroot_lib/libgcc_s.so
+          cp usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 $sysroot_lib
+          cp usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-alpine-linux-musl/*/libgcc.a $sysroot_lib
+          cp lib/ld-musl-aarch64.so.1 $sysroot_lib/libc.so
+          echo '!<arch>' > $sysroot_lib/libdl.a
+          (cd $crt && cp crti.o crtbeginS.o crtendS.o crtn.o -t $sysroot_lib)
+          echo "export CARGO_BUILD_TARGET=aarch64-unknown-linux-musl" >> saved_env
+          echo "export RUSTFLAGS='-Ctarget-feature=-crt-static,+neon,+fp16,+fhm,+dotprod -Clinker=clang -Clink-arg=-fuse-ld=mold -Clink-arg=--target=aarch64-unknown-linux-musl -Clink-arg=--sysroot=/usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-musl -Clink-arg=-lc'" >> saved_env
+          echo "export AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=$(realpath usr/include)" >> saved_env
+          echo "export AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_OPENSSL_LIB_DIR=$(realpath usr/lib)" >> saved_env
+      - name: Build Linux Artifacts
+        run: |
+          source ./saved_env
+          bash ci/manylinux_node/build_lancedb.sh ${{ matrix.config.arch }}
+      - name: Upload Linux Artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: nodejs-native-linux-${{ matrix.config.arch }}-musl
+          path: |
+            nodejs/dist/*.node
+
   node-windows:
     name: vectordb ${{ matrix.target }}
     runs-on: windows-2022
@@ -226,108 +334,109 @@ jobs:
           path: |
             node/dist/lancedb-vectordb-win32*.tgz
 
-  node-windows-arm64:
+  # TODO: re-enable once working https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/pull/1831
-    name: vectordb win32-arm64-msvc
+  # node-windows-arm64:
-    runs-on: windows-4x-arm
+  #   name: vectordb win32-arm64-msvc
-    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+  #   runs-on: windows-4x-arm
-    steps:
+  #   if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #   steps:
-      - name: Install Git
+  #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Install Git
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/releases/download/v2.44.0.windows.1/Git-2.44.0-64-bit.exe" -OutFile "git-installer.exe"
+  #       run: |
-          Start-Process -FilePath "git-installer.exe" -ArgumentList "/VERYSILENT", "/NORESTART" -Wait
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/releases/download/v2.44.0.windows.1/Git-2.44.0-64-bit.exe" -OutFile "git-installer.exe"
-        shell: powershell
+  #         Start-Process -FilePath "git-installer.exe" -ArgumentList "/VERYSILENT", "/NORESTART" -Wait
-      - name: Add Git to PATH
+  #       shell: powershell
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Add Git to PATH
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\Git\bin"
+  #       run: |
-          $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User")
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\Git\bin"
-        shell: powershell
+  #         $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User")
-      - name: Configure Git symlinks
+  #       shell: powershell
-        run: git config --global core.symlinks true
+  #     - name: Configure Git symlinks
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #       run: git config --global core.symlinks true
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+  #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
+  #     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-          python-version: "3.13"
+  #       with:
-      - name: Install Visual Studio Build Tools
+  #         python-version: "3.13"
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Install Visual Studio Build Tools
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_buildtools.exe" -OutFile "vs_buildtools.exe"
+  #       run: |
-          Start-Process -FilePath "vs_buildtools.exe" -ArgumentList "--quiet", "--wait", "--norestart", "--nocache", `
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_buildtools.exe" -OutFile "vs_buildtools.exe"
-            "--installPath", "C:\BuildTools", `
+  #         Start-Process -FilePath "vs_buildtools.exe" -ArgumentList "--quiet", "--wait", "--norestart", "--nocache", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.ARM64", `
+  #           "--installPath", "C:\BuildTools", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.ARM64", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows11SDK.22621", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATL", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows11SDK.22621", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATLMFC", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATL", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Llvm.Clang" -Wait
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATLMFC", `
-        shell: powershell
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Llvm.Clang" -Wait
-      - name: Add Visual Studio Build Tools to PATH
+  #       shell: powershell
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Add Visual Studio Build Tools to PATH
-          $vsPath = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC"
+  #       run: |
-          $latestVersion = (Get-ChildItem $vsPath | Sort-Object {[version]$_.Name} -Descending)[0].Name
+  #         $vsPath = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\arm64"
+  #         $latestVersion = (Get-ChildItem $vsPath | Sort-Object {[version]$_.Name} -Descending)[0].Name
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\x64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\arm64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\arm64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\x64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\x64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\arm64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\Llvm\x64\bin"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\x64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\Llvm\x64\bin"
 
-          # Add MSVC runtime libraries to LIB
+  #         # Add MSVC runtime libraries to LIB
-          $env:LIB = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\lib\arm64;" + 
+  #         $env:LIB = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\lib\arm64;" +
-                     "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\arm64;" +
+  #                    "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\arm64;" +
-                     "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\arm64"
+  #                    "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\arm64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "LIB=$env:LIB"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "LIB=$env:LIB"
 
-          # Add INCLUDE paths
+  #         # Add INCLUDE paths
-          $env:INCLUDE = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\include;" +
+  #         $env:INCLUDE = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\include;" +
-                        "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt;" +
+  #                       "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt;" +
-                        "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\um;" +
+  #                       "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\um;" +
-                        "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\shared"
+  #                       "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\shared"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "INCLUDE=$env:INCLUDE"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "INCLUDE=$env:INCLUDE"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Install Rust
+  #     - name: Install Rust
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          Invoke-WebRequest https://win.rustup.rs/x86_64 -OutFile rustup-init.exe
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest https://win.rustup.rs/x86_64 -OutFile rustup-init.exe
-          .\rustup-init.exe -y --default-host aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
+  #         .\rustup-init.exe -y --default-host aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Add Rust to PATH
+  #     - name: Add Rust to PATH
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "$env:USERPROFILE\.cargo\bin"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "$env:USERPROFILE\.cargo\bin"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+  #     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-        with:
+  #       with:
-          workspaces: rust
+  #         workspaces: rust
-      - name: Install 7-Zip ARM
+  #     - name: Install 7-Zip ARM
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          New-Item -Path 'C:\7zip' -ItemType Directory
+  #         New-Item -Path 'C:\7zip' -ItemType Directory
-          Invoke-WebRequest https://7-zip.org/a/7z2408-arm64.exe -OutFile C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest https://7-zip.org/a/7z2408-arm64.exe -OutFile C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe
-          Start-Process -FilePath C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe -ArgumentList '/S' -Wait
+  #         Start-Process -FilePath C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe -ArgumentList '/S' -Wait
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Add 7-Zip to PATH
+  #     - name: Add 7-Zip to PATH
-        run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\7-Zip"
+  #       run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\7-Zip"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Install Protoc v21.12
+  #     - name: Install Protoc v21.12
-        working-directory: C:\
+  #       working-directory: C:\
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          if (Test-Path 'C:\protoc') {
+  #         if (Test-Path 'C:\protoc') {
-              Write-Host "Protoc directory exists, skipping installation"
+  #             Write-Host "Protoc directory exists, skipping installation"
-              return
+  #             return
-          }
+  #         }
-          New-Item -Path 'C:\protoc' -ItemType Directory
+  #         New-Item -Path 'C:\protoc' -ItemType Directory
-          Set-Location C:\protoc
+  #         Set-Location C:\protoc
-          Invoke-WebRequest https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v21.12/protoc-21.12-win64.zip -OutFile C:\protoc\protoc.zip
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v21.12/protoc-21.12-win64.zip -OutFile C:\protoc\protoc.zip
-          & 'C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe' x protoc.zip
+  #         & 'C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe' x protoc.zip
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Add Protoc to PATH
+  #     - name: Add Protoc to PATH
-        run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\protoc\bin"
+  #       run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\protoc\bin"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Build Windows native node modules
+  #     - name: Build Windows native node modules
-        run: .\ci\build_windows_artifacts.ps1 aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
+  #       run: .\ci\build_windows_artifacts.ps1 aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
-      - name: Upload Windows ARM64 Artifacts
+  #     - name: Upload Windows ARM64 Artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+  #       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
+  #       with:
-          name: node-native-windows-arm64
+  #         name: node-native-windows-arm64
-          path: |
+  #         path: |
-            node/dist/*.node
+  #           node/dist/*.node
 
   nodejs-windows:
     name: lancedb ${{ matrix.target }}
@@ -363,102 +472,103 @@ jobs:
           path: |
             nodejs/dist/*.node
 
-  nodejs-windows-arm64:
+  # TODO: re-enable once working https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/pull/1831
-    name: lancedb win32-arm64-msvc
+  # nodejs-windows-arm64:
-    runs-on: windows-4x-arm
+  #   name: lancedb win32-arm64-msvc
-    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+  #   runs-on: windows-4x-arm
-    steps:
+  #   if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #   steps:
-      - name: Install Git
+  #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Install Git
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/releases/download/v2.44.0.windows.1/Git-2.44.0-64-bit.exe" -OutFile "git-installer.exe"
+  #       run: |
-          Start-Process -FilePath "git-installer.exe" -ArgumentList "/VERYSILENT", "/NORESTART" -Wait
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/releases/download/v2.44.0.windows.1/Git-2.44.0-64-bit.exe" -OutFile "git-installer.exe"
-        shell: powershell
+  #         Start-Process -FilePath "git-installer.exe" -ArgumentList "/VERYSILENT", "/NORESTART" -Wait
-      - name: Add Git to PATH
+  #       shell: powershell
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Add Git to PATH
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\Git\bin"
+  #       run: |
-          $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User")
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\Git\bin"
-        shell: powershell
+  #         $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") + ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User")
-      - name: Configure Git symlinks
+  #       shell: powershell
-        run: git config --global core.symlinks true
+  #     - name: Configure Git symlinks
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #       run: git config --global core.symlinks true
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+  #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
+  #     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-          python-version: "3.13"
+  #       with:
-      - name: Install Visual Studio Build Tools
+  #         python-version: "3.13"
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Install Visual Studio Build Tools
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_buildtools.exe" -OutFile "vs_buildtools.exe"
+  #       run: |
-          Start-Process -FilePath "vs_buildtools.exe" -ArgumentList "--quiet", "--wait", "--norestart", "--nocache", `
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_buildtools.exe" -OutFile "vs_buildtools.exe"
-            "--installPath", "C:\BuildTools", `
+  #         Start-Process -FilePath "vs_buildtools.exe" -ArgumentList "--quiet", "--wait", "--norestart", "--nocache", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.ARM64", `
+  #           "--installPath", "C:\BuildTools", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.ARM64", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows11SDK.22621", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATL", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows11SDK.22621", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATLMFC", `
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATL", `
-            "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Llvm.Clang" -Wait
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.ATLMFC", `
-        shell: powershell
+  #           "--add", "Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Llvm.Clang" -Wait
-      - name: Add Visual Studio Build Tools to PATH
+  #       shell: powershell
-        run: |
+  #     - name: Add Visual Studio Build Tools to PATH
-          $vsPath = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC"
+  #       run: |
-          $latestVersion = (Get-ChildItem $vsPath | Sort-Object {[version]$_.Name} -Descending)[0].Name
+  #         $vsPath = "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\arm64"
+  #         $latestVersion = (Get-ChildItem $vsPath | Sort-Object {[version]$_.Name} -Descending)[0].Name
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\x64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\arm64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\arm64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\$latestVersion\bin\Hostx64\x64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\x64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\arm64"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\Llvm\x64\bin"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.22621.0\x64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\BuildTools\VC\Tools\Llvm\x64\bin"
 
-          $env:LIB = ""
+  #         $env:LIB = ""
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "LIB=C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\arm64;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\arm64"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "LIB=C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\arm64;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\arm64"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Install Rust
+  #     - name: Install Rust
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          Invoke-WebRequest https://win.rustup.rs/x86_64 -OutFile rustup-init.exe
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest https://win.rustup.rs/x86_64 -OutFile rustup-init.exe
-          .\rustup-init.exe -y --default-host aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
+  #         .\rustup-init.exe -y --default-host aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Add Rust to PATH
+  #     - name: Add Rust to PATH
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "$env:USERPROFILE\.cargo\bin"
+  #         Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "$env:USERPROFILE\.cargo\bin"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
 
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+  #     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-        with:
+  #       with:
-          workspaces: rust
+  #         workspaces: rust
-      - name: Install 7-Zip ARM
+  #     - name: Install 7-Zip ARM
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          New-Item -Path 'C:\7zip' -ItemType Directory
+  #         New-Item -Path 'C:\7zip' -ItemType Directory
-          Invoke-WebRequest https://7-zip.org/a/7z2408-arm64.exe -OutFile C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest https://7-zip.org/a/7z2408-arm64.exe -OutFile C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe
-          Start-Process -FilePath C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe -ArgumentList '/S' -Wait
+  #         Start-Process -FilePath C:\7zip\7z-installer.exe -ArgumentList '/S' -Wait
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Add 7-Zip to PATH
+  #     - name: Add 7-Zip to PATH
-        run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\7-Zip"
+  #       run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\Program Files\7-Zip"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Install Protoc v21.12
+  #     - name: Install Protoc v21.12
-        working-directory: C:\
+  #       working-directory: C:\
-        run: |
+  #       run: |
-          if (Test-Path 'C:\protoc') {
+  #         if (Test-Path 'C:\protoc') {
-              Write-Host "Protoc directory exists, skipping installation"
+  #             Write-Host "Protoc directory exists, skipping installation"
-              return
+  #             return
-          }
+  #         }
-          New-Item -Path 'C:\protoc' -ItemType Directory
+  #         New-Item -Path 'C:\protoc' -ItemType Directory
-          Set-Location C:\protoc
+  #         Set-Location C:\protoc
-          Invoke-WebRequest https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v21.12/protoc-21.12-win64.zip -OutFile C:\protoc\protoc.zip
+  #         Invoke-WebRequest https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v21.12/protoc-21.12-win64.zip -OutFile C:\protoc\protoc.zip
-          & 'C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe' x protoc.zip
+  #         & 'C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe' x protoc.zip
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Add Protoc to PATH
+  #     - name: Add Protoc to PATH
-        run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\protoc\bin"
+  #       run: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\protoc\bin"
-        shell: powershell
+  #       shell: powershell
-      - name: Build Windows native node modules
+  #     - name: Build Windows native node modules
-        run: .\ci\build_windows_artifacts_nodejs.ps1 aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
+  #       run: .\ci\build_windows_artifacts_nodejs.ps1 aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
-      - name: Upload Windows ARM64 Artifacts
+  #     - name: Upload Windows ARM64 Artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+  #       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
+  #       with:
-          name: nodejs-native-windows-arm64
+  #         name: nodejs-native-windows-arm64
-          path: |
+  #         path: |
-            nodejs/dist/*.node
+  #           nodejs/dist/*.node
 
   release:
     name: vectordb NPM Publish
-    needs: [node, node-macos, node-linux, node-windows, node-windows-arm64]
+    needs: [node, node-macos, node-linux-gnu, node-linux-musl, node-windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # Only runs on tags that matches the make-release action
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
@@ -498,7 +608,7 @@ jobs:
 
   release-nodejs:
     name: lancedb NPM Publish
-    needs: [nodejs-macos, nodejs-linux, nodejs-windows, nodejs-windows-arm64]
+    needs: [nodejs-macos, nodejs-linux-gnu, nodejs-linux-musl, nodejs-windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # Only runs on tags that matches the make-release action
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')

Cargo.toml

@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ categories = ["database-implementations"]
 rust-version = "1.80.0"                                                     # TODO: lower this once we upgrade Lance again.
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance = { "version" = "=0.19.2", "features" = [
+lance = { "version" = "=0.20.0", "features" = [
     "dynamodb",
-], git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+], git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
-lance-index = { "version" = "=0.19.2", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+lance-index = { version = "=0.20.0", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
-lance-linalg = { "version" = "=0.19.2", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+lance-linalg = { version = "=0.20.0", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
-lance-table = { "version" = "=0.19.2", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+lance-table = { version = "=0.20.0", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
-lance-testing = { "version" = "=0.19.2", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+lance-testing = { version = "=0.20.0", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
-lance-datafusion = { "version" = "=0.19.2", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+lance-datafusion = { version = "=0.20.0", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
-lance-encoding = { "version" = "=0.19.2", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.19.2" }
+lance-encoding = { version = "=0.20.0", git = "https://github.com/lancedb/lance.git", tag = "v0.20.0-beta.2" }
 # Note that this one does not include pyarrow
 arrow = { version = "52.2", optional = false }
 arrow-array = "52.2"

ci/manylinux_node/build_lancedb.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ fi
 export OPENSSL_STATIC=1
 export OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/include/openssl
 
-source $HOME/.bashrc
+#Alpine doesn't have .bashrc
+FILE=$HOME/.bashrc && test -f $FILE && source $FILE
 
 cd nodejs
 npm ci

ci/manylinux_node/build_vectordb.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ fi
 export OPENSSL_STATIC=1
 export OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/include/openssl
 
-source $HOME/.bashrc
+#Alpine doesn't have .bashrc
+FILE=$HOME/.bashrc && test -f $FILE && source $FILE
 
 cd node
 npm ci

docs/mkdocs.yml

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ nav:
               - Jina Reranker: reranking/jina.md
               - OpenAI Reranker: reranking/openai.md
               - AnswerDotAi Rerankers: reranking/answerdotai.md
+              - Voyage AI Rerankers: reranking/voyageai.md
               - Building Custom Rerankers: reranking/custom_reranker.md
               - Example: notebooks/lancedb_reranking.ipynb
           - Filtering: sql.md
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ nav:
                   - Jina Embeddings: embeddings/available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/jina_embedding.md
                   - AWS Bedrock Text Embedding Functions: embeddings/available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/aws_bedrock_embedding.md
                   - IBM watsonx.ai Embeddings: embeddings/available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/ibm_watsonx_ai_embedding.md
+                  - Voyage AI Embeddings: embeddings/available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/voyageai_embedding.md
               - Multimodal Embedding Functions:
                   - OpenClip embeddings: embeddings/available_embedding_models/multimodal_embedding_functions/openclip_embedding.md
                   - Imagebind embeddings: embeddings/available_embedding_models/multimodal_embedding_functions/imagebind_embedding.md

docs/package-lock.json

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     },
     "../node": {
       "name": "vectordb",
-      "version": "0.4.6",
+      "version": "0.12.0",
       "cpu": [
         "x64",
         "arm64"
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@
         "win32"
       ],
       "dependencies": {
-        "@apache-arrow/ts": "^14.0.2",
         "@neon-rs/load": "^0.0.74",
-        "apache-arrow": "^14.0.2",
         "axios": "^1.4.0"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -46,6 +44,7 @@
         "@types/temp": "^0.9.1",
         "@types/uuid": "^9.0.3",
         "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.59.1",
+        "apache-arrow-old": "npm:apache-arrow@13.0.0",
         "cargo-cp-artifact": "^0.1",
         "chai": "^4.3.7",
         "chai-as-promised": "^7.1.1",
@@ -62,15 +61,19 @@
         "ts-node-dev": "^2.0.0",
         "typedoc": "^0.24.7",
         "typedoc-plugin-markdown": "^3.15.3",
-        "typescript": "*",
+        "typescript": "^5.1.0",
         "uuid": "^9.0.0"
       },
       "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.4.6",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.12.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.4.6",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.12.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.4.6",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.12.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.4.6",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.12.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.4.6"
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.12.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@apache-arrow/ts": "^14.0.2",
+        "apache-arrow": "^14.0.2"
       }
     },
     "../node/node_modules/apache-arrow": {

docs/src/ann_indexes.md

@@ -277,7 +277,15 @@ Product quantization can lead to approximately `16 * sizeof(float32) / 1 = 64` t
 Higher number of partitions could lead to more efficient I/O during queries and better accuracy, but it takes much more time to train.
 On `SIFT-1M` dataset, our benchmark shows that keeping each partition 1K-4K rows lead to a good latency / recall.
 
-`num_sub_vectors` specifies how many Product Quantization (PQ) short codes to generate on each vector. Because
+`num_sub_vectors` specifies how many Product Quantization (PQ) short codes to generate on each vector. The number should be a factor of the vector dimension. Because
 PQ is a lossy compression of the original vector, a higher `num_sub_vectors` usually results in
-less space distortion, and thus yields better accuracy. However, a higher `num_sub_vectors` also causes heavier I/O and
+less space distortion, and thus yields better accuracy. However, a higher `num_sub_vectors` also causes heavier I/O and more PQ computation, and thus, higher latency. `dimension / num_sub_vectors` should be a multiple of 8 for optimum SIMD efficiency.
-more PQ computation, and thus, higher latency. `dimension / num_sub_vectors` should be a multiple of 8 for optimum SIMD efficiency.
+
+!!! note
+    if `num_sub_vectors` is set to be greater than the vector dimension, you will see errors like `attempt to divide by zero`
+
+### How to choose `m` and `ef_construction` for `IVF_HNSW_*` index?
+
+`m` determines the number of connections a new node establishes with its closest neighbors upon entering the graph. Typically, `m` falls within the range of 5 to 48. Lower `m` values are suitable for low-dimensional data or scenarios where recall is less critical. Conversely, higher `m` values are beneficial for high-dimensional data or when high recall is required. In essence, a larger `m` results in a denser graph with increased connectivity, but at the expense of higher memory consumption.
+
+`ef_construction` balances build speed and accuracy. Higher values increase accuracy but slow down the build process. A typical range is 150 to 300. For good search results, a minimum value of 100 is recommended. In most cases, setting this value above 500 offers no additional benefit. Ensure that `ef_construction` is always set to a value equal to or greater than `ef` in the search phase

docs/src/concepts/index_hnsw.md

@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ Then the greedy search routine operates as follows:
 
 ## Usage
 
+There are three key parameters to set when constructing an HNSW index:
+
+* `metric`: Use an `L2` euclidean distance metric. We also support `dot` and `cosine` distance.
+* `m`: The number of neighbors to select for each vector in the HNSW graph.
+* `ef_construction`: The number of candidates to evaluate during the construction of the HNSW graph.
+
+
 We can combine the above concepts to understand how to build and query an HNSW index in LanceDB.
 
 ### Construct index

docs/src/concepts/index_ivfpq.md

@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ In Python, the index can be created as follows:
 # Make sure you have enough data in the table for an effective training step
 tbl.create_index(metric="L2", num_partitions=256, num_sub_vectors=96)
 ```
+!!! note
+    `num_partitions`=256 and `num_sub_vectors`=96 does not work for every dataset. Those values needs to be adjusted for your particular dataset.
 
-The `num_partitions` is usually chosen to target a particular number of vectors per partition. `num_sub_vectors` is typically chosen based on the desired recall and the dimensionality of the vector. See the [FAQs](#faq) below for best practices on choosing these parameters.
+The `num_partitions` is usually chosen to target a particular number of vectors per partition. `num_sub_vectors` is typically chosen based on the desired recall and the dimensionality of the vector. See [here](../ann_indexes.md/#how-to-choose-num_partitions-and-num_sub_vectors-for-ivf_pq-index) for best practices on choosing these parameters.
 
 
 ### Query the index

docs/src/embeddings/available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/voyageai_embedding.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Supported parameters (to be passed in `create` method) are:
 
 | Parameter | Type | Default Value | Description |
 |---|---|--------|---------|
-| `name` | `str` | `"voyage-3"` | The model ID of the model to use. Supported base models for Text Embeddings: voyage-3, voyage-3-lite, voyage-finance-2, voyage-multilingual-2, voyage-law-2, voyage-code-2 |
+| `name` | `str` | `None` | The model ID of the model to use. Supported base models for Text Embeddings: voyage-3, voyage-3-lite, voyage-finance-2, voyage-multilingual-2, voyage-law-2, voyage-code-2 |
 | `input_type` | `str` | `None` | Type of the input text. Default to None. Other options: query, document. |
 | `truncation` | `bool` | `True` | Whether to truncate the input texts to fit within the context length. |
 

docs/src/embeddings/default_embedding_functions.md

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ These functions are registered by default to handle text embeddings.
 | [**Jina Embeddings**](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/jina_embedding.md "jina") | 🔗 World-class embedding models to improve your search and RAG systems. You will need **jina api key**. | [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lancedb/assets/main/docs/assets/logos/jina.png" alt="Jina Icon" width="90" height="35">](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/jina_embedding.md) |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
 | [ **AWS Bedrock Functions**](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/aws_bedrock_embedding.md "bedrock-text") | ☁️ AWS Bedrock supports multiple base models for generating text embeddings. You need to setup the AWS credentials to use this embedding function. | [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lancedb/assets/main/docs/assets/logos/aws_bedrock.png" alt="AWS Bedrock Icon" width="120" height="35">](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/aws_bedrock_embedding.md) |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
 | [**IBM Watsonx.ai**](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/ibm_watsonx_ai_embedding.md "watsonx") | 💡 Generate text embeddings using IBM's watsonx.ai platform. **Note**: watsonx.ai library is an optional dependency. | [<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lancedb/assets/main/docs/assets/logos/watsonx.png" alt="Watsonx Icon" width="140" height="35">](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/ibm_watsonx_ai_embedding.md) |
+| [**VoyageAI Embeddings**](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/voyageai_embedding.md "voyageai") | 🌕 Voyage AI provides cutting-edge embedding and rerankers. This will help you get started with **VoyageAI** embedding models using LanceDB. Using voyageai API requires voyageai package. Install it via `pip`. | [<img src="https://www.voyageai.com/logo.svg" alt="VoyageAI Icon" width="140" height="35">](available_embedding_models/text_embedding_functions/voyageai_embedding.md) |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
 
 
 
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ These functions are registered by default to handle text embeddings.
 [jina-key]: "jina"
 [aws-key]: "bedrock-text"
 [watsonx-key]: "watsonx"
+[voyageai-key]: "voyageai"
 
 
 ## Multi-modal Embedding Functions🖼️ 

docs/src/fts.md

@@ -114,12 +114,45 @@ table.create_fts_index("text",
 
 LanceDB full text search supports to filter the search results by a condition, both pre-filtering and post-filtering are supported.
 
-This can be invoked via the familiar `where` syntax:
+This can be invoked via the familiar `where` syntax.
  
+With pre-filtering:
 === "Python"
 
     ```python
-    table.search("puppy").limit(10).where("meta='foo'").to_list()
+    table.search("puppy").limit(10).where("meta='foo'", prefilte=True).to_list()
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript
+    await tbl
+    .search("puppy")
+    .select(["id", "doc"])
+    .limit(10)
+    .where("meta='foo'")
+    .prefilter(true)
+    .toArray();
+    ```
+
+=== "Rust"
+
+    ```rust
+    table
+        .query()
+        .full_text_search(FullTextSearchQuery::new("puppy".to_owned()))
+        .select(lancedb::query::Select::Columns(vec!["doc".to_owned()]))
+        .limit(10)
+        .only_if("meta='foo'")
+        .execute()
+        .await?;
+    ```
+
+With post-filtering:
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python
+    table.search("puppy").limit(10).where("meta='foo'", prefilte=False).to_list()
     ```
 
 === "TypeScript"
@@ -130,6 +163,7 @@ This can be invoked via the familiar `where` syntax:
     .select(["id", "doc"])
     .limit(10)
     .where("meta='foo'")
+    .prefilter(false)
     .toArray();
     ```
 
@@ -140,6 +174,7 @@ This can be invoked via the familiar `where` syntax:
         .query()
         .full_text_search(FullTextSearchQuery::new(words[0].to_owned()))
         .select(lancedb::query::Select::Columns(vec!["doc".to_owned()]))
+        .postfilter()
         .limit(10)
         .only_if("meta='foo'")
         .execute()
@@ -160,3 +195,35 @@ To search for a phrase, the index must be created with `with_position=True`:
 table.create_fts_index("text", use_tantivy=False, with_position=True)
 ```
 This will allow you to search for phrases, but it will also significantly increase the index size and indexing time.
+
+
+## Incremental indexing
+
+LanceDB supports incremental indexing, which means you can add new records to the table without reindexing the entire table.
+
+This can make the query more efficient, especially when the table is large and the new records are relatively small.
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python
+    table.add([{"vector": [3.1, 4.1], "text": "Frodo was a happy puppy"}])
+    table.optimize()
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript
+    await tbl.add([{ vector: [3.1, 4.1], text: "Frodo was a happy puppy" }]);
+    await tbl.optimize();
+    ```
+
+=== "Rust"
+
+    ```rust
+    let more_data: Box<dyn RecordBatchReader + Send> = create_some_records()?;
+    tbl.add(more_data).execute().await?;
+    tbl.optimize(OptimizeAction::All).execute().await?;
+    ```
+!!! note
+
+    New data added after creating the FTS index will appear in search results while incremental index is still progress, but with increased latency due to a flat search on the unindexed portion. LanceDB Cloud automates this merging process, minimizing the impact on search speed. 

docs/src/fts_tantivy.md

@@ -153,9 +153,7 @@ table.create_fts_index(["title", "content"], use_tantivy=True, writer_heap_size=
 
 ## Current limitations
 
-1. Currently we do not yet support incremental writes.
+1. New data added after creating the FTS index will appear in search results, but with increased latency due to a flat search on the unindexed portion. Re-indexing with `create_fts_index` will reduce latency. LanceDB Cloud automates this merging process, minimizing the impact on search speed. 
-   If you add data after FTS index creation, it won't be reflected
-   in search results until you do a full reindex.
 
 2. We currently only support local filesystem paths for the FTS index.
    This is a tantivy limitation. We've implemented an object store plugin

docs/src/guides/scalar_index.md

@@ -1,23 +1,35 @@
-# Building Scalar Index
+# Building a Scalar Index
 
-Similar to many SQL databases, LanceDB supports several types of Scalar indices to accelerate search
+Scalar indices organize data by scalar attributes (e.g. numbers, categorical values), enabling fast filtering of vector data. In vector databases, scalar indices accelerate the retrieval of scalar data associated with vectors, thus enhancing the query performance when searching for vectors that meet certain scalar criteria. 
+
+Similar to many SQL databases, LanceDB supports several types of scalar indices to accelerate search
 over scalar columns.
 
-- `BTREE`: The most common type is BTREE. This index is inspired by the btree data structure
+- `BTREE`: The most common type is BTREE. The index stores a copy of the
-  although only the first few layers of the btree are cached in memory.
+  column in sorted order. This sorted copy allows a binary search to be used to
-  It will perform well on columns with a large number of unique values and few rows per value.
+  satisfy queries.
-- `BITMAP`: this index stores a bitmap for each unique value in the column.
+- `BITMAP`: this index stores a bitmap for each unique value in the column. It 
-  This index is useful for columns with a finite number of unique values and many rows per value.
+  uses a series of bits to indicate whether a value is present in a row of a table
-  For example, columns that represent "categories", "labels", or "tags"
+- `LABEL_LIST`: a special index that can be used on `List<T>` columns to
-- `LABEL_LIST`: a special index that is used to index list columns whose values have a finite set of possibilities.
+  support queries with `array_contains_all` and `array_contains_any`
+  using an underlying bitmap index.
   For example, a column that contains lists of tags (e.g. `["tag1", "tag2", "tag3"]`) can be indexed with a `LABEL_LIST` index.
 
+!!! tips "How to choose the right scalar index type"
+
+    `BTREE`: This index is good for scalar columns with mostly distinct values and does best when the query is highly selective.
+    
+    `BITMAP`: This index works best for low-cardinality numeric or string columns, where the number of unique values is small (i.e., less than a few thousands).
+    
+    `LABEL_LIST`: This index should be used for columns containing list-type data.
+
 | Data Type                                                       | Filter                                    | Index Type   |
 | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ------------ |
 | Numeric, String, Temporal                                       | `<`, `=`, `>`, `in`, `between`, `is null` | `BTREE`      |
 | Boolean, numbers or strings with fewer than 1,000 unique values | `<`, `=`, `>`, `in`, `between`, `is null` | `BITMAP`     |
 | List of low cardinality of numbers or strings                   | `array_has_any`, `array_has_all`          | `LABEL_LIST` |
 
+### Create a scalar index
 === "Python"
 
     ```python
@@ -46,7 +58,7 @@ over scalar columns.
         await tlb.create_index("publisher", { config: lancedb.Index.bitmap() })
         ```
 
-For example, the following scan will be faster if the column `my_col` has a scalar index:
+The following scan will be faster if the column `book_id` has a scalar index:
 
 === "Python"
 
@@ -106,3 +118,30 @@ Scalar indices can also speed up scans containing a vector search or full text s
           .limit(10)
           .toArray();
         ```
+### Update a scalar index
+Updating the table data (adding, deleting, or modifying records) requires that you also update the scalar index. This can be done by calling `optimize`, which will trigger an update to the existing scalar index.
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python
+    table.add([{"vector": [7, 8], "book_id": 4}])
+    table.optimize()
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript
+    await tbl.add([{ vector: [7, 8], book_id: 4 }]);
+    await tbl.optimize();
+    ```
+
+=== "Rust"
+
+    ```rust
+    let more_data: Box<dyn RecordBatchReader + Send> = create_some_records()?;
+    tbl.add(more_data).execute().await?;
+    tbl.optimize(OptimizeAction::All).execute().await?;
+    ```
+
+!!! note
+
+    New data added after creating the scalar index will still appear in search results if optimize is not used, but with increased latency due to a flat search on the unindexed portion. LanceDB Cloud automates the optimize process, minimizing the impact on search speed.

docs/src/guides/tables.md

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ table = db.create_table(table_name, schema=Content)
 
 Sometimes your data model may contain nested objects.
 For example, you may want to store the document string
-and the document soure name as a nested Document object:
+and the document source name as a nested Document object:
 
 ```python
 class Document(BaseModel):
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ You can create an empty table for scenarios where you want to add data to the ta
 
 ## Adding to a table
 
-After a table has been created, you can always add more data to it usind the `add` method
+After a table has been created, you can always add more data to it using the `add` method
 
 === "Python"
     You can add any of the valid data structures accepted by LanceDB table, i.e, `dict`, `list[dict]`, `pd.DataFrame`, or `Iterator[pa.RecordBatch]`. Below are some examples.
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ After a table has been created, you can always add more data to it usind the `ad
     ```
 
     ??? "Ingesting Pydantic models with LanceDB embedding API"
-        When using LanceDB's embedding API, you can add Pydantic models directly to the table. LanceDB will automatically convert the `vector` field to a vector before adding it to the table. You need to specify the default value of `vector` feild as None to allow LanceDB to automatically vectorize the data.
+        When using LanceDB's embedding API, you can add Pydantic models directly to the table. LanceDB will automatically convert the `vector` field to a vector before adding it to the table. You need to specify the default value of `vector` field as None to allow LanceDB to automatically vectorize the data.
 
         ```python
         import lancedb
@@ -790,6 +790,27 @@ Use the `drop_table()` method on the database to remove a table.
       This permanently removes the table and is not recoverable, unlike deleting rows.
       If the table does not exist an exception is raised.
 
+## Handling bad vectors
+
+In LanceDB Python, you can use the `on_bad_vectors` parameter to choose how
+invalid vector values are handled. Invalid vectors are vectors that are not valid
+because:
+
+1. They are the wrong dimension
+2. They contain NaN values
+3. They are null but are on a non-nullable field
+
+By default, LanceDB will raise an error if it encounters a bad vector. You can
+also choose one of the following options:
+
+* `drop`: Ignore rows with bad vectors
+* `fill`: Replace bad values (NaNs) or missing values (too few dimensions) with
+    the fill value specified in the `fill_value` parameter. An input like
+    `[1.0, NaN, 3.0]` will be replaced with `[1.0, 0.0, 3.0]` if `fill_value=0.0`.
+* `null`: Replace bad vectors with null (only works if the column is nullable).
+    A bad vector `[1.0, NaN, 3.0]` will be replaced with `null` if the column is
+    nullable. If the vector column is non-nullable, then bad vectors will cause an
+    error
 
 ## Consistency
 
@@ -859,4 +880,4 @@ There are three possible settings for `read_consistency_interval`:
 
 Learn the best practices on creating an ANN index and getting the most out of it.
 
-[^1]: The `vectordb` package is a legacy package that is  deprecated in favor of `@lancedb/lancedb`.  The `vectordb` package will continue to receive bug fixes and security updates until September 2024.  We recommend all new projects use `@lancedb/lancedb`.  See the [migration guide](migration.md) for more information.
+[^1]: The `vectordb` package is a legacy package that is  deprecated in favor of `@lancedb/lancedb`.  The `vectordb` package will continue to receive bug fixes and security updates until September 2024.  We recommend all new projects use `@lancedb/lancedb`.  See the [migration guide](../migration.md) for more information.

docs/src/reranking/cohere.md

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ This re-ranker uses the [Cohere](https://cohere.ai/) API to rerank the search re
 !!! note
     Supported Query Types: Hybrid, Vector, FTS
 
+```shell
+pip install cohere
+```
 
 ```python
 import numpy

docs/src/reranking/index.md

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ LanceDB comes with some built-in rerankers. Some of the rerankers that are avail
 | `CrossEncoderReranker` | Uses a cross-encoder model to rerank search results | Vector, FTS, Hybrid |
 | `ColbertReranker` | Uses a colbert model to rerank search results | Vector, FTS, Hybrid |
 | `OpenaiReranker`(Experimental) | Uses OpenAI's chat model to rerank search results | Vector, FTS, Hybrid |
+| `VoyageAIReranker` | Uses voyageai Reranker API to rerank results | Vector, FTS, Hybrid |
 
 
 ## Using a Reranker
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ LanceDB comes with some built-in rerankers. Here are some of the rerankers that
 - [Jina Reranker](./jina.md)
 - [AnswerDotAI Rerankers](./answerdotai.md)
 - [Reciprocal Rank Fusion Reranker](./rrf.md)
+- [VoyageAI Reranker](./voyageai.md)
 
 ## Creating Custom Rerankers
 

docs/src/sql.md

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ performed on the top-k results returned by the vector search. However, pre-filte
 option that performs the filter prior to vector search. This can be useful to narrow down on
 the search space on a very large dataset to reduce query latency.
 
+Note that both pre-filtering and post-filtering can yield false positives. For pre-filtering, if the filter is too selective, it might eliminate relevant items that the vector search would have otherwise identified as a good match. In this case, increasing `nprobes` parameter will help reduce such false positives. It is recommended to set `use_index=false` if you know that the filter is highly selective.
+
+Similarly, a highly selective post-filter can lead to false positives. Increasing both `nprobes` and `refine_factor` can mitigate this issue. When deciding between pre-filtering and post-filtering, pre-filtering is generally the safer choice if you're uncertain.
+
 <!-- Setup Code
 ```python
 import lancedb
@@ -57,6 +61,9 @@ const tbl = await db.createTable('myVectors', data)
         ```ts
         --8<-- "docs/src/sql_legacy.ts:search"
         ```
+!!! note
+
+    Creating a [scalar index](guides/scalar_index.md) accelerates filtering
 
 ## SQL filters
 

java/core/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
         <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-        <version>0.13.0-beta.1</version>
+        <version>0.13.1-beta.0</version>
         <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
     </parent>
 

java/pom.xml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
     <groupId>com.lancedb</groupId>
     <artifactId>lancedb-parent</artifactId>
-    <version>0.13.0-beta.1</version>
+    <version>0.13.1-beta.0</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
     <name>LanceDB Parent</name>

node/package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "vectordb",
-  "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "vectordb",
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+      "version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
       "cpu": [
         "x64",
         "arm64"
@@ -52,12 +52,14 @@
         "uuid": "^9.0.0"
       },
       "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-musl": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-arm64-msvc": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.13.0-beta.1"
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-musl": "0.13.1-beta.0",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-arm64-msvc": "0.13.1-beta.0",
+        "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.13.1-beta.0"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
         "@apache-arrow/ts": "^14.0.2",
@@ -327,66 +329,6 @@
         "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64/-/vectordb-darwin-arm64-0.13.0-beta.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-beOrf6selCzzhLgDG8Nibma4nO/CSnA1wUKRmlJHEPtGcg7PW18z6MP/nfwQMpMR/FLRfTo8pPTbpzss47MiQQ==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "darwin"
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64/-/vectordb-darwin-x64-0.13.0-beta.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YdraGRF/RbJRkKh0v3xT03LUhq47T2GtCvJ5gZp8wKlh4pHa8LuhLU0DIdvmG/DT5vuQA+td8HDkBm/e3EOdNg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "darwin"
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": {
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu/-/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu-0.13.0-beta.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Pp0O/uhEqof1oLaWrNbv+Ym+q8kBkiCqaA5+2eAZ6a3e9U+Ozkvb0FQrHuyi9adJ5wKQ4NabyQE9BMf2bYpOnQ==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": {
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu/-/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu-0.13.0-beta.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-y8nxOye4egfWF5FGED9EfkmZ1O5HnRLU4a61B8m5JSpkivO9v2epTcbYN0yt/7ZFCgtqMfJ8VW4Mi7qQcz3KDA==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ]
-    },
-    "node_modules/@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": {
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc/-/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc-0.13.0-beta.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-STMDP9dp0TBLkB3ro+16pKcGy6bmbhRuEZZZ1Tp5P75yTPeVh4zIgWkidMdU1qBbEYM7xacnsp9QAwgLnMU/Ow==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "win32"
-      ]
-    },
     "node_modules/@neon-rs/cli": {
       "version": "0.0.160",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@neon-rs/cli/-/cli-0.0.160.tgz",
@@ -1501,9 +1443,9 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "7.0.3",
+      "version": "7.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uV2QOWP2nWzsy2aMp8aRibhi9dlzF5Hgh5SHaB9OiTGEyDTiJJyx0uy51QXdyWbtAHNua4XJzUKca3OzKUd3vA==",
       "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "path-key": "^3.1.0",

node/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "vectordb",
-  "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
   "description": " Serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "types": "dist/index.d.ts",
@@ -84,16 +84,20 @@
       "aarch64-apple-darwin": "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64",
       "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu": "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu",
       "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu": "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu",
+      "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl": "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-musl",
+      "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl": "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-musl",
       "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc": "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc",
       "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc": "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-arm64-msvc"
     }
   },
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-    "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-x64": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-darwin-arm64": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-    "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-    "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-gnu": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-gnu": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-    "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-x64-musl": "0.13.1-beta.0",
-    "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-arm64-msvc": "0.13.0-beta.1"
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-linux-arm64-musl": "0.13.1-beta.0",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-x64-msvc": "0.13.1-beta.0",
+    "@lancedb/vectordb-win32-arm64-msvc": "0.13.1-beta.0"
   }
 }

nodejs/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-nodejs"
 edition.workspace = true
-version = "0.13.0-beta.1"
+version = "0.13.1-beta.0"
 license.workspace = true
 description.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true

nodejs/__test__/table.test.ts

@@ -187,6 +187,81 @@ describe.each([arrow13, arrow14, arrow15, arrow16, arrow17])(
       },
     );
 
+    // TODO: https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/1832
+    it.skip("should be able to omit nullable fields", async () => {
+      const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
+      const schema = new arrow.Schema([
+        new arrow.Field(
+          "vector",
+          new arrow.FixedSizeList(
+            2,
+            new arrow.Field("item", new arrow.Float64()),
+          ),
+          true,
+        ),
+        new arrow.Field("item", new arrow.Utf8(), true),
+        new arrow.Field("price", new arrow.Float64(), false),
+      ]);
+      const table = await db.createEmptyTable("test", schema);
+
+      const data1 = { item: "foo", price: 10.0 };
+      await table.add([data1]);
+      const data2 = { vector: [3.1, 4.1], price: 2.0 };
+      await table.add([data2]);
+      const data3 = { vector: [5.9, 26.5], item: "bar", price: 3.0 };
+      await table.add([data3]);
+
+      let res = await table.query().limit(10).toArray();
+      const resVector = res.map((r) => r.get("vector").toArray());
+      expect(resVector).toEqual([null, data2.vector, data3.vector]);
+      const resItem = res.map((r) => r.get("item").toArray());
+      expect(resItem).toEqual(["foo", null, "bar"]);
+      const resPrice = res.map((r) => r.get("price").toArray());
+      expect(resPrice).toEqual([10.0, 2.0, 3.0]);
+
+      const data4 = { item: "foo" };
+      // We can't omit a column if it's not nullable
+      await expect(table.add([data4])).rejects.toThrow("Invalid user input");
+
+      // But we can alter columns to make them nullable
+      await table.alterColumns([{ path: "price", nullable: true }]);
+      await table.add([data4]);
+
+      res = (await table.query().limit(10).toArray()).map((r) => r.toJSON());
+      expect(res).toEqual([data1, data2, data3, data4]);
+    });
+
+    it("should be able to insert nullable data for non-nullable fields", async () => {
+      const db = await connect(tmpDir.name);
+      const schema = new arrow.Schema([
+        new arrow.Field("x", new arrow.Float64(), false),
+        new arrow.Field("id", new arrow.Utf8(), false),
+      ]);
+      const table = await db.createEmptyTable("test", schema);
+
+      const data1 = { x: 4.1, id: "foo" };
+      await table.add([data1]);
+      const res = (await table.query().toArray())[0];
+      expect(res.x).toEqual(data1.x);
+      expect(res.id).toEqual(data1.id);
+
+      const data2 = { x: null, id: "bar" };
+      await expect(table.add([data2])).rejects.toThrow(
+        "declared as non-nullable but contains null values",
+      );
+
+      // But we can alter columns to make them nullable
+      await table.alterColumns([{ path: "x", nullable: true }]);
+      await table.add([data2]);
+
+      const res2 = await table.query().toArray();
+      expect(res2.length).toBe(2);
+      expect(res2[0].x).toEqual(data1.x);
+      expect(res2[0].id).toEqual(data1.id);
+      expect(res2[1].x).toBeNull();
+      expect(res2[1].id).toEqual(data2.id);
+    });
+
     it("should return the table as an instance of an arrow table", async () => {
       const arrowTbl = await table.toArrow();
       expect(arrowTbl).toBeInstanceOf(ArrowTable);
@@ -402,6 +477,54 @@ describe("When creating an index", () => {
     expect(rst.numRows).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  it("should create and search IVF_HNSW indices", async () => {
+    await tbl.createIndex("vec", {
+      config: Index.hnswSq(),
+    });
+
+    // check index directory
+    const indexDir = path.join(tmpDir.name, "test.lance", "_indices");
+    expect(fs.readdirSync(indexDir)).toHaveLength(1);
+    const indices = await tbl.listIndices();
+    expect(indices.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(indices[0]).toEqual({
+      name: "vec_idx",
+      indexType: "IvfHnswSq",
+      columns: ["vec"],
+    });
+
+    // Search without specifying the column
+    let rst = await tbl
+      .query()
+      .limit(2)
+      .nearestTo(queryVec)
+      .distanceType("dot")
+      .toArrow();
+    expect(rst.numRows).toBe(2);
+
+    // Search using `vectorSearch`
+    rst = await tbl.vectorSearch(queryVec).limit(2).toArrow();
+    expect(rst.numRows).toBe(2);
+
+    // Search with specifying the column
+    const rst2 = await tbl
+      .query()
+      .limit(2)
+      .nearestTo(queryVec)
+      .column("vec")
+      .toArrow();
+    expect(rst2.numRows).toBe(2);
+    expect(rst.toString()).toEqual(rst2.toString());
+
+    // test offset
+    rst = await tbl.query().limit(2).offset(1).nearestTo(queryVec).toArrow();
+    expect(rst.numRows).toBe(1);
+
+    // test ef
+    rst = await tbl.query().limit(2).nearestTo(queryVec).ef(100).toArrow();
+    expect(rst.numRows).toBe(2);
+  });
+
   it("should be able to query unindexed data", async () => {
     await tbl.createIndex("vec");
     await tbl.add([

nodejs/examples/sentence-transformers.test.ts

@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ import { withTempDirectory } from "./util.ts";
 import * as lancedb from "@lancedb/lancedb";
 import "@lancedb/lancedb/embedding/transformers";
 import { LanceSchema, getRegistry } from "@lancedb/lancedb/embedding";
+import { EmbeddingFunction } from "@lancedb/lancedb/embedding";
 import { Utf8 } from "apache-arrow";
 
 test("full text search", async () => {
   await withTempDirectory(async (databaseDir) => {
     const db = await lancedb.connect(databaseDir);
-    const func = await getRegistry().get("huggingface").create();
+    console.log(getRegistry());
+    const func = (await getRegistry()
+      .get("huggingface")
+      ?.create()) as EmbeddingFunction;
 
     const facts = [
       "Albert Einstein was a theoretical physicist.",
@@ -56,4 +60,4 @@ test("full text search", async () => {
 
     expect(actual[0]["text"]).toBe("The human body has 206 bones.");
   });
-});
+}, 100_000);

nodejs/lancedb/embedding/index.ts

@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ import { EmbeddingFunctionConfig, getRegistry } from "./registry";
 
 export { EmbeddingFunction, TextEmbeddingFunction } from "./embedding_function";
 
-// We need to explicitly export '*' so that the `register` decorator actually registers the class.
-export * from "./openai";
-export * from "./transformers";
 export * from "./registry";
 
 /**

nodejs/lancedb/embedding/registry.ts

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import {
   type EmbeddingFunctionConstructor,
 } from "./embedding_function";
 import "reflect-metadata";
-import { OpenAIEmbeddingFunction } from "./openai";
-import { TransformersEmbeddingFunction } from "./transformers";
 
 type CreateReturnType<T> = T extends { init: () => Promise<void> }
   ? Promise<T>
@@ -73,10 +71,6 @@ export class EmbeddingFunctionRegistry {
     };
   }
 
-  get(name: "openai"): EmbeddingFunctionCreate<OpenAIEmbeddingFunction>;
-  get(
-    name: "huggingface",
-  ): EmbeddingFunctionCreate<TransformersEmbeddingFunction>;
   get<T extends EmbeddingFunction<unknown>>(
     name: string,
   ): EmbeddingFunctionCreate<T> | undefined;

nodejs/lancedb/query.ts

@@ -385,6 +385,20 @@ export class VectorQuery extends QueryBase<NativeVectorQuery> {
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Set the number of candidates to consider during the search
+   *
+   * This argument is only used when the vector column has an HNSW index.
+   * If there is no index then this value is ignored.
+   *
+   * Increasing this value will increase the recall of your query but will
+   * also increase the latency of your query. The default value is 1.5*limit.
+   */
+  ef(ef: number): VectorQuery {
+    super.doCall((inner) => inner.ef(ef));
+    return this;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Set the vector column to query
    *

nodejs/lancedb/table.ts

@@ -87,6 +87,12 @@ export interface OptimizeOptions {
   deleteUnverified: boolean;
 }
 
+export interface Version {
+  version: number;
+  timestamp: Date;
+  metadata: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
 /**
  * A Table is a collection of Records in a LanceDB Database.
  *
@@ -360,6 +366,11 @@ export abstract class Table {
    */
   abstract checkoutLatest(): Promise<void>;
 
+  /**
+   * List all the versions of the table
+   */
+  abstract listVersions(): Promise<Version[]>;
+
   /**
    * Restore the table to the currently checked out version
    *
@@ -659,6 +670,14 @@ export class LocalTable extends Table {
     await this.inner.checkoutLatest();
   }
 
+  async listVersions(): Promise<Version[]> {
+    return (await this.inner.listVersions()).map((version) => ({
+      version: version.version,
+      timestamp: new Date(version.timestamp / 1000),
+      metadata: version.metadata,
+    }));
+  }
+
   async restore(): Promise<void> {
     await this.inner.restore();
   }

nodejs/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-arm64",
-	"version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-arm64.node",

nodejs/npm/darwin-x64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-darwin-x64",
-	"version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
 	"os": ["darwin"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.darwin-x64.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["arm64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# `@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl`
+
+This is the **aarch64-unknown-linux-musl** binary for `@lancedb/lancedb`

nodejs/npm/linux-arm64-musl/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-arm64-musl",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
+	"os": ["linux"],
+	"cpu": ["arm64"],
+	"main": "lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node",
+	"files": ["lancedb.linux-arm64-musl.node"],
+	"license": "Apache 2.0",
+	"engines": {
+		"node": ">= 18"
+	},
+	"libc": ["musl"]
+}

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-gnu/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-gnu",
-	"version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
 	"os": ["linux"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-gnu.node",

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# `@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl`
+
+This is the **x86_64-unknown-linux-musl** binary for `@lancedb/lancedb`

nodejs/npm/linux-x64-musl/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-linux-x64-musl",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
+	"os": ["linux"],
+	"cpu": ["x64"],
+	"main": "lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node",
+	"files": ["lancedb.linux-x64-musl.node"],
+	"license": "Apache 2.0",
+	"engines": {
+		"node": ">= 18"
+	},
+	"libc": ["musl"]
+}

nodejs/npm/win32-arm64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-arm64-msvc",
-  "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
   "os": [
     "win32"
   ],

nodejs/npm/win32-x64-msvc/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@lancedb/lancedb-win32-x64-msvc",
-	"version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+	"version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
 	"os": ["win32"],
 	"cpu": ["x64"],
 	"main": "lancedb.win32-x64-msvc.node",

nodejs/package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-  "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.13.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "@lancedb/lancedb",
-      "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+      "version": "0.13.0",
       "cpu": [
         "x64",
         "arm64"
@@ -6052,9 +6052,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "7.0.3",
+      "version": "7.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uV2QOWP2nWzsy2aMp8aRibhi9dlzF5Hgh5SHaB9OiTGEyDTiJJyx0uy51QXdyWbtAHNua4XJzUKca3OzKUd3vA==",
       "devOptional": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "path-key": "^3.1.0",

nodejs/package.json

@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@
     "vector database",
     "ann"
   ],
-  "version": "0.13.0-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.13.1-beta.0",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "exports": {
     ".": "./dist/index.js",
-    "./embedding": "./dist/embedding/index.js"
+    "./embedding": "./dist/embedding/index.js",
+    "./embedding/openai": "./dist/embedding/openai.js",
+    "./embedding/transformers": "./dist/embedding/transformers.js"
   },
   "types": "dist/index.d.ts",
   "napi": {
@@ -22,10 +24,12 @@
     "triples": {
       "defaults": false,
       "additional": [
-        "aarch64-apple-darwin",
-        "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
         "x86_64-apple-darwin",
+        "aarch64-apple-darwin",
         "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+        "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
+        "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl",
+        "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl",
         "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc"
       ]
     }

nodejs/src/query.rs

@@ -167,6 +167,11 @@ impl VectorQuery {
         self.inner = self.inner.clone().nprobes(nprobe as usize);
     }
 
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn ef(&mut self, ef: u32) {
+        self.inner = self.inner.clone().ef(ef as usize);
+    }
+
     #[napi]
     pub fn bypass_vector_index(&mut self) {
         self.inner = self.inner.clone().bypass_vector_index()

nodejs/src/table.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use arrow_ipc::writer::FileWriter;
 use lancedb::ipc::ipc_file_to_batches;
 use lancedb::table::{
@@ -226,6 +228,28 @@ impl Table {
         self.inner_ref()?.checkout_latest().await.default_error()
     }
 
+    #[napi(catch_unwind)]
+    pub async fn list_versions(&self) -> napi::Result<Vec<Version>> {
+        self.inner_ref()?
+            .list_versions()
+            .await
+            .map(|versions| {
+                versions
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|version| Version {
+                        version: version.version as i64,
+                        timestamp: version.timestamp.timestamp_micros(),
+                        metadata: version
+                            .metadata
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone()))
+                            .collect(),
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .default_error()
+    }
+
     #[napi(catch_unwind)]
     pub async fn restore(&self) -> napi::Result<()> {
         self.inner_ref()?.restore().await.default_error()
@@ -466,3 +490,10 @@ impl From<lancedb::index::IndexStatistics> for IndexStatistics {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[napi(object)]
+pub struct Version {
+    pub version: i64,
+    pub timestamp: i64,
+    pub metadata: HashMap<String, String>,
+}

python/.bumpversion.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.bumpversion]
-current_version = "0.16.0-beta.1"
+current_version = "0.17.0-beta.0"
 parse = """(?x)
     (?P<major>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.
     (?P<minor>0|[1-9]\\d*)\\.

python/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-python"
-version = "0.16.0-beta.1"
+version = "0.17.0-beta.0"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "Python bindings for LanceDB"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -15,13 +15,19 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
 arrow = { version = "52.1", features = ["pyarrow"] }
-lancedb = { path = "../rust/lancedb" }
+lancedb = { path = "../rust/lancedb", default-features = false }
 env_logger.workspace = true
-pyo3 = { version = "0.21", features = ["extension-module", "abi3-py38", "gil-refs"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.21", features = [
+    "extension-module",
+    "abi3-py39",
+    "gil-refs"
+] }
 # Using this fork for now: https://github.com/awestlake87/pyo3-asyncio/issues/119
 # pyo3-asyncio = { version = "0.20", features = ["attributes", "tokio-runtime"] }
-pyo3-asyncio-0-21 = { version = "0.21.0", features = ["attributes", "tokio-runtime"] }
+pyo3-asyncio-0-21 = { version = "0.21.0", features = [
-
+    "attributes",
+    "tokio-runtime"
+] }
 pin-project = "1.1.5"
 futures.workspace = true
 tokio = { version = "1.36.0", features = ["sync"] }
@@ -29,10 +35,14 @@ tokio = { version = "1.36.0", features = ["sync"] }
 [build-dependencies]
 pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.20.3", features = [
     "extension-module",
-    "abi3-py38",
+    "abi3-py39",
 ] }
 
 [features]
-default = ["remote"]
+default = ["default-tls", "remote"]
 fp16kernels = ["lancedb/fp16kernels"]
 remote = ["lancedb/remote"]
+# TLS
+default-tls = ["lancedb/default-tls"]
+native-tls = ["lancedb/native-tls"]
+rustls-tls = ["lancedb/rustls-tls"]

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ name = "lancedb"
 # version in Cargo.toml
 dependencies = [
     "deprecation",
-    "nest-asyncio~=1.0",
+    "pylance==0.20.0b2",
-    "pylance==0.19.2",
     "tqdm>=4.27.0",
     "pydantic>=1.10",
     "packaging",
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",

python/python/lancedb/embeddings/openai.py

@@ -83,25 +83,33 @@ class OpenAIEmbeddings(TextEmbeddingFunction):
         """
         openai = attempt_import_or_raise("openai")
 
+        valid_texts = []
+        valid_indices = []
+        for idx, text in enumerate(texts):
+            if text:
+                valid_texts.append(text)
+                valid_indices.append(idx)
+
         # TODO retry, rate limit, token limit
         try:
-            if self.name == "text-embedding-ada-002":
-                rs = self._openai_client.embeddings.create(input=texts, model=self.name)
-            else:
             kwargs = {
-                    "input": texts,
+                "input": valid_texts,
                 "model": self.name,
             }
-                if self.dim:
+            if self.name != "text-embedding-ada-002":
                 kwargs["dimensions"] = self.dim
+
             rs = self._openai_client.embeddings.create(**kwargs)
+            valid_embeddings = {
+                idx: v.embedding for v, idx in zip(rs.data, valid_indices)
+            }
         except openai.BadRequestError:
             logging.exception("Bad request: %s", texts)
             return [None] * len(texts)
         except Exception:
             logging.exception("OpenAI embeddings error")
             raise
-        return [v.embedding for v in rs.data]
+        return [valid_embeddings.get(idx, None) for idx in range(len(texts))]
 
     @cached_property
     def _openai_client(self):

python/python/lancedb/pydantic.py

@@ -1,15 +1,5 @@
-#  Copyright 2023 LanceDB Developers
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
 
 """Pydantic (v1 / v2) adapter for LanceDB"""
 
@@ -30,6 +20,7 @@ from typing import (
     Type,
     Union,
     _GenericAlias,
+    GenericAlias,
 )
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -75,7 +66,7 @@ def vector(dim: int, value_type: pa.DataType = pa.float32()):
 
 
 def Vector(
-    dim: int, value_type: pa.DataType = pa.float32()
+    dim: int, value_type: pa.DataType = pa.float32(), nullable: bool = True
 ) -> Type[FixedSizeListMixin]:
     """Pydantic Vector Type.
 
@@ -88,6 +79,8 @@ def Vector(
         The dimension of the vector.
     value_type : pyarrow.DataType, optional
         The value type of the vector, by default pa.float32()
+    nullable : bool, optional
+        Whether the vector is nullable, by default it is True.
 
     Examples
     --------
@@ -103,7 +96,7 @@ def Vector(
     >>> assert schema == pa.schema([
     ...     pa.field("id", pa.int64(), False),
     ...     pa.field("url", pa.utf8(), False),
-    ...     pa.field("embeddings", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 768), False)
+    ...     pa.field("embeddings", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 768))
     ... ])
     """
 
@@ -112,6 +105,10 @@ def Vector(
         def __repr__(self):
             return f"FixedSizeList(dim={dim})"
 
+        @staticmethod
+        def nullable() -> bool:
+            return nullable
+
         @staticmethod
         def dim() -> int:
             return dim
@@ -205,9 +202,7 @@ else:
 def _pydantic_to_arrow_type(field: FieldInfo) -> pa.DataType:
     """Convert a Pydantic FieldInfo to Arrow DataType"""
 
-    if isinstance(field.annotation, _GenericAlias) or (
+    if isinstance(field.annotation, (_GenericAlias, GenericAlias)):
-        sys.version_info > (3, 9) and isinstance(field.annotation, types.GenericAlias)
-    ):
         origin = field.annotation.__origin__
         args = field.annotation.__args__
         if origin is list:
@@ -235,7 +230,7 @@ def _pydantic_to_arrow_type(field: FieldInfo) -> pa.DataType:
 
 def is_nullable(field: FieldInfo) -> bool:
     """Check if a Pydantic FieldInfo is nullable."""
-    if isinstance(field.annotation, _GenericAlias):
+    if isinstance(field.annotation, (_GenericAlias, GenericAlias)):
         origin = field.annotation.__origin__
         args = field.annotation.__args__
         if origin == Union:
@@ -246,6 +241,10 @@ def is_nullable(field: FieldInfo) -> bool:
         for typ in args:
             if typ is type(None):
                 return True
+    elif inspect.isclass(field.annotation) and issubclass(
+        field.annotation, FixedSizeListMixin
+    ):
+        return field.annotation.nullable()
     return False
 
 

python/python/lancedb/query.py

@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ class Query(pydantic.BaseModel):
 
     fast_search: bool = False
 
+    ef: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class LanceQueryBuilder(ABC):
     """An abstract query builder. Subclasses are defined for vector search,
@@ -257,6 +259,7 @@ class LanceQueryBuilder(ABC):
         self._with_row_id = False
         self._vector = None
         self._text = None
+        self._ef = None
 
     @deprecation.deprecated(
         deprecated_in="0.3.1",
@@ -367,11 +370,13 @@ class LanceQueryBuilder(ABC):
         ----------
         limit: int
             The maximum number of results to return.
-            By default the query is limited to the first 10.
+            The default query limit is 10 results.
-            Call this method and pass 0, a negative value,
+            For ANN/KNN queries, you must specify a limit.
-            or None to remove the limit.
+            Entering 0, a negative number, or None will reset
-            *WARNING* if you have a large dataset, removing
+            the limit to the default value of 10.
-            the limit can potentially result in reading a
+            *WARNING* if you have a large dataset, setting
+            the limit to a large number, e.g. the table size,
+            can potentially result in reading a
             large amount of data into memory and cause
             out of memory issues.
 
@@ -638,6 +643,28 @@ class LanceVectorQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
         self._nprobes = nprobes
         return self
 
+    def ef(self, ef: int) -> LanceVectorQueryBuilder:
+        """Set the number of candidates to consider during search.
+
+        Higher values will yield better recall (more likely to find vectors if
+        they exist) at the expense of latency.
+
+        This only applies to the HNSW-related index.
+        The default value is 1.5 * limit.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ef: int
+            The number of candidates to consider during search.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        LanceVectorQueryBuilder
+            The LanceQueryBuilder object.
+        """
+        self._ef = ef
+        return self
+
     def refine_factor(self, refine_factor: int) -> LanceVectorQueryBuilder:
         """Set the refine factor to use, increasing the number of vectors sampled.
 
@@ -700,6 +727,7 @@ class LanceVectorQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
             with_row_id=self._with_row_id,
             offset=self._offset,
             fast_search=self._fast_search,
+            ef=self._ef,
         )
         result_set = self._table._execute_query(query, batch_size)
         if self._reranker is not None:
@@ -1071,6 +1099,8 @@ class LanceHybridQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
             self._vector_query.nprobes(self._nprobes)
         if self._refine_factor:
             self._vector_query.refine_factor(self._refine_factor)
+        if self._ef:
+            self._vector_query.ef(self._ef)
 
         with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
             fts_future = executor.submit(self._fts_query.with_row_id(True).to_arrow)
@@ -1197,6 +1227,29 @@ class LanceHybridQueryBuilder(LanceQueryBuilder):
         self._nprobes = nprobes
         return self
 
+    def ef(self, ef: int) -> LanceHybridQueryBuilder:
+        """
+        Set the number of candidates to consider during search.
+
+        Higher values will yield better recall (more likely to find vectors if
+        they exist) at the expense of latency.
+
+        This only applies to the HNSW-related index.
+        The default value is 1.5 * limit.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ef: int
+            The number of candidates to consider during search.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        LanceHybridQueryBuilder
+            The LanceHybridQueryBuilder object.
+        """
+        self._ef = ef
+        return self
+
     def metric(self, metric: Literal["L2", "cosine", "dot"]) -> LanceHybridQueryBuilder:
         """Set the distance metric to use.
 
@@ -1495,7 +1548,8 @@ class AsyncQuery(AsyncQueryBase):
         return pa.array(vec)
 
     def nearest_to(
-        self, query_vector: Optional[Union[VEC, Tuple, List[VEC]]] = None
+        self,
+        query_vector: Union[VEC, Tuple, List[VEC]],
     ) -> AsyncVectorQuery:
         """
         Find the nearest vectors to the given query vector.
@@ -1542,6 +1596,9 @@ class AsyncQuery(AsyncQueryBase):
         will be added to the results.  This column will contain the index of the
         query vector that the result is nearest to.
         """
+        if query_vector is None:
+            raise ValueError("query_vector can not be None")
+
         if (
             isinstance(query_vector, list)
             and len(query_vector) > 0
@@ -1618,7 +1675,7 @@ class AsyncVectorQuery(AsyncQueryBase):
         """
         Set the number of partitions to search (probe)
 
-        This argument is only used when the vector column has an IVF PQ index.
+        This argument is only used when the vector column has an IVF-based index.
         If there is no index then this value is ignored.
 
         The IVF stage of IVF PQ divides the input into partitions (clusters) of
@@ -1640,6 +1697,21 @@ class AsyncVectorQuery(AsyncQueryBase):
         self._inner.nprobes(nprobes)
         return self
 
+    def ef(self, ef: int) -> AsyncVectorQuery:
+        """
+        Set the number of candidates to consider during search
+
+        This argument is only used when the vector column has an HNSW index.
+        If there is no index then this value is ignored.
+
+        Increasing this value will increase the recall of your query but will also
+        increase the latency of your query.  The default value is 1.5 * limit.  This
+        default is good for many cases but the best value to use will depend on your
+        data and the recall that you need to achieve.
+        """
+        self._inner.ef(ef)
+        return self
+
     def refine_factor(self, refine_factor: int) -> AsyncVectorQuery:
         """
         A multiplier to control how many additional rows are taken during the refine

python/python/lancedb/remote/background_loop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
+
+import asyncio
+import threading
+
+
+class BackgroundEventLoop:
+    """
+    A background event loop that can run futures.
+
+    Used to bridge sync and async code, without messing with users event loops.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        self.thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=self.loop.run_forever,
+            name="LanceDBBackgroundEventLoop",
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+        self.thread.start()
+
+    def run(self, future):
+        return asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(future, self.loop).result()

python/python/lancedb/remote/db.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 #  limitations under the License.
 
-import asyncio
 from datetime import timedelta
 import logging
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ import warnings
 
 from lancedb import connect_async
 from lancedb.remote import ClientConfig
+from lancedb.remote.background_loop import BackgroundEventLoop
 import pyarrow as pa
 from overrides import override
 
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ from ..pydantic import LanceModel
 from ..table import Table
 from ..util import validate_table_name
 
+LOOP = BackgroundEventLoop()
+
 
 class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
     """A connection to a remote LanceDB database."""
@@ -86,18 +88,9 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
             raise ValueError(f"Invalid scheme: {parsed.scheme}, only accepts db://")
         self.db_name = parsed.netloc
 
-        import nest_asyncio
-
-        nest_asyncio.apply()
-        try:
-            self._loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        except RuntimeError:
-            self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-            asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
-
         self.client_config = client_config
 
-        self._conn = self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        self._conn = LOOP.run(
             connect_async(
                 db_url,
                 api_key=api_key,
@@ -127,9 +120,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
         -------
         An iterator of table names.
         """
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        return LOOP.run(self._conn.table_names(start_after=page_token, limit=limit))
-            self._conn.table_names(start_after=page_token, limit=limit)
-        )
 
     @override
     def open_table(self, name: str, *, index_cache_size: Optional[int] = None) -> Table:
@@ -152,8 +143,8 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
                 " (there is no local cache to configure)"
             )
 
-        table = self._loop.run_until_complete(self._conn.open_table(name))
+        table = LOOP.run(self._conn.open_table(name))
-        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name, self._loop)
+        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name)
 
     @override
     def create_table(
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
 
         from .table import RemoteTable
 
-        table = self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        table = LOOP.run(
             self._conn.create_table(
                 name,
                 data,
@@ -278,7 +269,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
                 fill_value=fill_value,
             )
         )
-        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name, self._loop)
+        return RemoteTable(table, self.db_name)
 
     @override
     def drop_table(self, name: str):
@@ -289,7 +280,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
         name: str
             The name of the table.
         """
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(self._conn.drop_table(name))
+        LOOP.run(self._conn.drop_table(name))
 
     @override
     def rename_table(self, cur_name: str, new_name: str):
@@ -302,7 +293,7 @@ class RemoteDBConnection(DBConnection):
         new_name: str
             The new name of the table.
         """
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(self._conn.rename_table(cur_name, new_name))
+        LOOP.run(self._conn.rename_table(cur_name, new_name))
 
     async def close(self):
         """Close the connection to the database."""

python/python/lancedb/remote/table.py

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
 #  limitations under the License.
 
 from datetime import timedelta
-import asyncio
 import logging
 from functools import cached_property
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union, Literal
 
 from lancedb.index import FTS, BTree, Bitmap, HnswPq, HnswSq, IvfPq, LabelList
+from lancedb.remote.db import LOOP
 import pyarrow as pa
 
 from lancedb.common import DATA, VEC, VECTOR_COLUMN_NAME
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         self,
         table: AsyncTable,
         db_name: str,
-        loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = None,
     ):
-        self._loop = loop
         self._table = table
         self.db_name = db_name
 
@@ -56,12 +54,12 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         of this Table
 
         """
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.schema())
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.schema())
 
     @property
     def version(self) -> int:
         """Get the current version of the table"""
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.version())
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.version())
 
     @cached_property
     def embedding_functions(self) -> dict:
@@ -78,6 +76,10 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
             self.schema.metadata
         )
 
+    def list_versions(self):
+        """List all versions of the table"""
+        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.list_versions())
+
     def to_arrow(self) -> pa.Table:
         """to_arrow() is not yet supported on LanceDB cloud."""
         raise NotImplementedError("to_arrow() is not yet supported on LanceDB cloud.")
@@ -86,13 +88,19 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         """to_pandas() is not yet supported on LanceDB cloud."""
         return NotImplementedError("to_pandas() is not yet supported on LanceDB cloud.")
 
+    def checkout(self, version):
+        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.checkout(version))
+
+    def checkout_latest(self):
+        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.checkout_latest())
+
     def list_indices(self):
         """List all the indices on the table"""
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.list_indices())
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.list_indices())
 
     def index_stats(self, index_uuid: str):
         """List all the stats of a specified index"""
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.index_stats(index_uuid))
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.index_stats(index_uuid))
 
     def create_scalar_index(
         self,
@@ -122,9 +130,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Unknown index type: {index_type}")
 
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        LOOP.run(self._table.create_index(column, config=config, replace=replace))
-            self._table.create_index(column, config=config, replace=replace)
-        )
 
     def create_fts_index(
         self,
@@ -134,9 +140,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         with_position: bool = True,
     ):
         config = FTS(with_position=with_position)
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        LOOP.run(self._table.create_index(column, config=config, replace=replace))
-            self._table.create_index(column, config=config, replace=replace)
-        )
 
     def create_index(
         self,
@@ -217,9 +221,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
                 " 'IVF_PQ', 'IVF_HNSW_PQ', 'IVF_HNSW_SQ'"
             )
 
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        LOOP.run(self._table.create_index(vector_column_name, config=config))
-            self._table.create_index(vector_column_name, config=config)
-        )
 
     def add(
         self,
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
 
         """
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        LOOP.run(
             self._table.add(
                 data, mode=mode, on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors, fill_value=fill_value
             )
@@ -339,9 +341,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
     def _execute_query(
         self, query: Query, batch_size: Optional[int] = None
     ) -> pa.RecordBatchReader:
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        return LOOP.run(self._table._execute_query(query, batch_size=batch_size))
-            self._table._execute_query(query, batch_size=batch_size)
-        )
 
     def merge_insert(self, on: Union[str, Iterable[str]]) -> LanceMergeInsertBuilder:
         """Returns a [`LanceMergeInsertBuilder`][lancedb.merge.LanceMergeInsertBuilder]
@@ -358,9 +358,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         on_bad_vectors: str,
         fill_value: float,
     ):
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        LOOP.run(self._table._do_merge(merge, new_data, on_bad_vectors, fill_value))
-            self._table._do_merge(merge, new_data, on_bad_vectors, fill_value)
-        )
 
     def delete(self, predicate: str):
         """Delete rows from the table.
@@ -409,7 +407,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
            x      vector  _distance # doctest: +SKIP
         0  2  [3.0, 4.0]       85.0 # doctest: +SKIP
         """
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.delete(predicate))
+        LOOP.run(self._table.delete(predicate))
 
     def update(
         self,
@@ -459,7 +457,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         2  2  [10.0, 10.0] # doctest: +SKIP
 
         """
-        self._loop.run_until_complete(
+        LOOP.run(
             self._table.update(where=where, updates=values, updates_sql=values_sql)
         )
 
@@ -489,7 +487,7 @@ class RemoteTable(Table):
         )
 
     def count_rows(self, filter: Optional[str] = None) -> int:
-        return self._loop.run_until_complete(self._table.count_rows(filter))
+        return LOOP.run(self._table.count_rows(filter))
 
     def add_columns(self, transforms: Dict[str, str]):
         raise NotImplementedError(

python/python/lancedb/rerankers/cohere.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CohereReranker(Reranker):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        model_name: str = "rerank-english-v2.0",
+        model_name: str = "rerank-english-v3.0",
         column: str = "text",
         top_n: Union[int, None] = None,
         return_score="relevance",

python/python/lancedb/table.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import inspect
 import time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from functools import cached_property
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -1012,6 +1012,39 @@ class Table(ABC):
             The names of the columns to drop.
         """
 
+    @abstractmethod
+    def checkout(self):
+        """
+        Checks out a specific version of the Table
+
+        Any read operation on the table will now access the data at the checked out
+        version. As a consequence, calling this method will disable any read consistency
+        interval that was previously set.
+
+        This is a read-only operation that turns the table into a sort of "view"
+        or "detached head".  Other table instances will not be affected.  To make the
+        change permanent you can use the `[Self::restore]` method.
+
+        Any operation that modifies the table will fail while the table is in a checked
+        out state.
+
+        To return the table to a normal state use `[Self::checkout_latest]`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def checkout_latest(self):
+        """
+        Ensures the table is pointing at the latest version
+
+        This can be used to manually update a table when the read_consistency_interval
+        is None
+        It can also be used to undo a `[Self::checkout]` operation
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def list_versions(self):
+        """List all versions of the table"""
+
     @cached_property
     def _dataset_uri(self) -> str:
         return _table_uri(self._conn.uri, self.name)
@@ -1567,7 +1600,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
             "append" and "overwrite".
         on_bad_vectors: str, default "error"
             What to do if any of the vectors are not the same size or contains NaNs.
-            One of "error", "drop", "fill".
+            One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
 
@@ -1851,7 +1884,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
             data but will validate against any schema that's specified.
         on_bad_vectors: str, default "error"
             What to do if any of the vectors are not the same size or contains NaNs.
-            One of "error", "drop", "fill".
+            One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
         embedding_functions: list of EmbeddingFunctionModel, default None
@@ -1959,6 +1992,7 @@ class LanceTable(Table):
                 "metric": query.metric,
                 "nprobes": query.nprobes,
                 "refine_factor": query.refine_factor,
+                "ef": query.ef,
             }
         return ds.scanner(
             columns=query.columns,
@@ -2151,13 +2185,11 @@ def _sanitize_schema(
         vector column to fixed_size_list(float32) if necessary.
     on_bad_vectors: str, default "error"
         What to do if any of the vectors are not the same size or contains NaNs.
-        One of "error", "drop", "fill".
+        One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
     fill_value: float, default 0.
         The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
     """
     if schema is not None:
-        if data.schema == schema:
-            return data
         # cast the columns to the expected types
         data = data.combine_chunks()
         for field in schema:
@@ -2177,6 +2209,7 @@ def _sanitize_schema(
                     vector_column_name=field.name,
                     on_bad_vectors=on_bad_vectors,
                     fill_value=fill_value,
+                    table_schema=schema,
                 )
         return pa.Table.from_arrays(
             [data[name] for name in schema.names], schema=schema
@@ -2197,6 +2230,7 @@ def _sanitize_schema(
 def _sanitize_vector_column(
     data: pa.Table,
     vector_column_name: str,
+    table_schema: Optional[pa.Schema] = None,
     on_bad_vectors: str = "error",
     fill_value: float = 0.0,
 ) -> pa.Table:
@@ -2211,12 +2245,16 @@ def _sanitize_vector_column(
         The name of the vector column.
     on_bad_vectors: str, default "error"
         What to do if any of the vectors are not the same size or contains NaNs.
-        One of "error", "drop", "fill".
+        One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
     fill_value: float, default 0.0
         The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
     """
     # ChunkedArray is annoying to work with, so we combine chunks here
     vec_arr = data[vector_column_name].combine_chunks()
+    if table_schema is not None:
+        field = table_schema.field(vector_column_name)
+    else:
+        field = None
     typ = data[vector_column_name].type
     if pa.types.is_list(typ) or pa.types.is_large_list(typ):
         # if it's a variable size list array,
@@ -2243,7 +2281,11 @@ def _sanitize_vector_column(
                 data, fill_value, on_bad_vectors, vec_arr, vector_column_name
             )
     else:
-        if pc.any(pc.is_null(vec_arr.values, nan_is_null=True)).as_py():
+        if (
+            field is not None
+            and not field.nullable
+            and pc.any(pc.is_null(vec_arr.values)).as_py()
+        ) or (pc.any(pc.is_nan(vec_arr.values)).as_py()):
             data = _sanitize_nans(
                 data, fill_value, on_bad_vectors, vec_arr, vector_column_name
             )
@@ -2287,6 +2329,12 @@ def _sanitize_jagged(data, fill_value, on_bad_vectors, vec_arr, vector_column_na
         )
     elif on_bad_vectors == "drop":
         data = data.filter(correct_ndims)
+    elif on_bad_vectors == "null":
+        data = data.set_column(
+            data.column_names.index(vector_column_name),
+            vector_column_name,
+            pc.if_else(correct_ndims, vec_arr, pa.scalar(None)),
+        )
     return data
 
 
@@ -2303,7 +2351,8 @@ def _sanitize_nans(
         raise ValueError(
             f"Vector column {vector_column_name} has NaNs. "
             "Set on_bad_vectors='drop' to remove them, or "
-            "set on_bad_vectors='fill' and fill_value=<value> to replace them."
+            "set on_bad_vectors='fill' and fill_value=<value> to replace them. "
+            "Or set on_bad_vectors='null' to replace them with null."
         )
     elif on_bad_vectors == "fill":
         if fill_value is None:
@@ -2323,6 +2372,17 @@ def _sanitize_nans(
         np_arr = np_arr.reshape(-1, vec_arr.type.list_size)
         not_nulls = np.any(np_arr, axis=1)
         data = data.filter(~not_nulls)
+    elif on_bad_vectors == "null":
+        # null = pa.nulls(len(vec_arr)).cast(vec_arr.type)
+        # values = pc.if_else(pc.is_nan(vec_arr.values), fill_value, vec_arr.values)
+        np_arr = np.isnan(vec_arr.values.to_numpy(zero_copy_only=False))
+        np_arr = np_arr.reshape(-1, vec_arr.type.list_size)
+        no_nans = np.any(np_arr, axis=1)
+        data = data.set_column(
+            data.column_names.index(vector_column_name),
+            vector_column_name,
+            pc.if_else(no_nans, vec_arr, pa.scalar(None)),
+        )
     return data
 
 
@@ -2588,7 +2648,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
             "append" and "overwrite".
         on_bad_vectors: str, default "error"
             What to do if any of the vectors are not the same size or contains NaNs.
-            One of "error", "drop", "fill".
+            One of "error", "drop", "fill", "null".
         fill_value: float, default 0.
             The value to use when filling vectors. Only used if on_bad_vectors="fill".
 
@@ -2671,7 +2731,7 @@ class AsyncTable:
 
     def vector_search(
         self,
-        query_vector: Optional[Union[VEC, Tuple]] = None,
+        query_vector: Union[VEC, Tuple],
     ) -> AsyncVectorQuery:
         """
         Search the table with a given query vector.
@@ -2710,6 +2770,8 @@ class AsyncTable:
                 async_query = async_query.refine_factor(query.refine_factor)
             if query.vector_column:
                 async_query = async_query.column(query.vector_column)
+            if query.ef:
+                async_query = async_query.ef(query.ef)
 
         if not query.prefilter:
             async_query = async_query.postfilter()
@@ -2873,6 +2935,19 @@ class AsyncTable:
         """
         return await self._inner.version()
 
+    async def list_versions(self):
+        """
+        List all versions of the table
+        """
+        versions = await self._inner.list_versions()
+        for v in versions:
+            ts_nanos = v["timestamp"]
+            v["timestamp"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(ts_nanos // 1e9) + timedelta(
+                microseconds=(ts_nanos % 1e9) // 1e3
+            )
+
+        return versions
+
     async def checkout(self, version):
         """
         Checks out a specific version of the Table

python/python/tests/test_embeddings.py

@@ -81,28 +81,36 @@ def test_embedding_function(tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_embedding_with_bad_results(tmp_path):
-    @register("mock-embedding")
+    @register("null-embedding")
-    class MockEmbeddingFunction(TextEmbeddingFunction):
+    class NullEmbeddingFunction(TextEmbeddingFunction):
         def ndims(self):
             return 128
 
         def generate_embeddings(
             self, texts: Union[List[str], np.ndarray]
         ) -> list[Union[np.array, None]]:
-            return [
+            # Return None, which is bad if field is non-nullable
-                None if i % 2 == 0 else np.random.randn(self.ndims())
+            a = [
+                np.full(self.ndims(), np.nan)
+                if i % 2 == 0
+                else np.random.randn(self.ndims())
                 for i in range(len(texts))
             ]
+            return a
 
     db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
     registry = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance()
-    model = registry.get("mock-embedding").create()
+    model = registry.get("null-embedding").create()
 
     class Schema(LanceModel):
         text: str = model.SourceField()
         vector: Vector(model.ndims()) = model.VectorField()
 
     table = db.create_table("test", schema=Schema, mode="overwrite")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        # Default on_bad_vectors is "error"
+        table.add([{"text": "hello world"}])
+
     table.add(
         [{"text": "hello world"}, {"text": "bar"}],
         on_bad_vectors="drop",
@@ -112,13 +120,33 @@ def test_embedding_with_bad_results(tmp_path):
     assert len(table) == 1
     assert df.iloc[0]["text"] == "bar"
 
-    # table = db.create_table("test2", schema=Schema, mode="overwrite")
+    @register("nan-embedding")
-    # table.add(
+    class NanEmbeddingFunction(TextEmbeddingFunction):
-    #     [{"text": "hello world"}, {"text": "bar"}],
+        def ndims(self):
-    # )
+            return 128
-    # assert len(table) == 2
+
-    # tbl = table.to_arrow()
+        def generate_embeddings(
-    # assert tbl["vector"].null_count == 1
+            self, texts: Union[List[str], np.ndarray]
+        ) -> list[Union[np.array, None]]:
+            # Return NaN to produce bad vectors
+            return [
+                [np.NAN] * 128 if i % 2 == 0 else np.random.randn(self.ndims())
+                for i in range(len(texts))
+            ]
+
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    registry = EmbeddingFunctionRegistry.get_instance()
+    model = registry.get("nan-embedding").create()
+
+    table = db.create_table("test2", schema=Schema, mode="overwrite")
+    table.alter_columns(dict(path="vector", nullable=True))
+    table.add(
+        [{"text": "hello world"}, {"text": "bar"}],
+        on_bad_vectors="null",
+    )
+    assert len(table) == 2
+    tbl = table.to_arrow()
+    assert tbl["vector"].null_count == 1
 
 
 def test_with_existing_vectors(tmp_path):

python/python/tests/test_embeddings_slow.py

@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
-#  Copyright (c) 2023. LanceDB Developers
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
 import importlib
 import io
 import os
@@ -17,6 +8,7 @@ import os
 import lancedb
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
+import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
 from lancedb.embeddings import get_registry
 from lancedb.pydantic import LanceModel, Vector
@@ -444,6 +436,30 @@ def test_watsonx_embedding(tmp_path):
         assert tbl.search("hello").limit(1).to_pandas()["text"][0] == "hello world"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY") is None, reason="OPENAI_API_KEY not set"
+)
+def test_openai_with_empty_strs(tmp_path):
+    model = get_registry().get("openai").create(max_retries=0)
+
+    class TextModel(LanceModel):
+        text: str = model.SourceField()
+        vector: Vector(model.ndims()) = model.VectorField()
+
+    df = pd.DataFrame({"text": ["hello world", ""]})
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    tbl = db.create_table("test", schema=TextModel, mode="overwrite")
+
+    tbl.add(df, on_bad_vectors="skip")
+    tb = tbl.to_arrow()
+    assert tb.schema.field_by_name("vector").type == pa.list_(
+        pa.float32(), model.ndims()
+    )
+    assert len(tb) == 2
+    assert tb["vector"].is_null().to_pylist() == [False, True]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.slow
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     importlib.util.find_spec("ollama") is None, reason="Ollama not installed"

python/python/tests/test_pydantic.py

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-#  Copyright 2023 LanceDB Developers
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
-
 
 import json
 import sys
@@ -172,6 +161,26 @@ def test_pydantic_to_arrow_py38():
     assert schema == expect_schema
 
 
+def test_nullable_vector():
+    class NullableModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+        vec: Vector(16, nullable=False)
+
+    schema = pydantic_to_schema(NullableModel)
+    assert schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), False)])
+
+    class DefaultModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+        vec: Vector(16)
+
+    schema = pydantic_to_schema(DefaultModel)
+    assert schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), True)])
+
+    class NotNullableModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+        vec: Vector(16)
+
+    schema = pydantic_to_schema(NotNullableModel)
+    assert schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), True)])
+
+
 def test_fixed_size_list_field():
     class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
         vec: Vector(16)
@@ -192,7 +201,7 @@ def test_fixed_size_list_field():
     schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
     assert schema == pa.schema(
         [
-            pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), False),
+            pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16)),
             pa.field("li", pa.list_(pa.int64()), False),
         ]
     )

python/python/tests/test_query.py

@@ -1,21 +1,9 @@
-#  Copyright 2023 LanceDB Developers
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-#
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
 
 import unittest.mock as mock
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Optional
 
-import lance
 import lancedb
 from lancedb.index import IvfPq
 import numpy as np
@@ -23,41 +11,15 @@ import pandas.testing as tm
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
-from lancedb.db import LanceDBConnection
 from lancedb.pydantic import LanceModel, Vector
 from lancedb.query import AsyncQueryBase, LanceVectorQueryBuilder, Query
 from lancedb.table import AsyncTable, LanceTable
 
 
-class MockTable:
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-    def __init__(self, tmp_path):
+def table(tmpdir_factory) -> lancedb.table.Table:
-        self.uri = tmp_path
+    tmp_path = str(tmpdir_factory.mktemp("data"))
-        self._conn = LanceDBConnection(self.uri)
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
-
-    def to_lance(self):
-        return lance.dataset(self.uri)
-
-    def _execute_query(self, query, batch_size: Optional[int] = None):
-        ds = self.to_lance()
-        return ds.scanner(
-            columns=query.columns,
-            filter=query.filter,
-            prefilter=query.prefilter,
-            nearest={
-                "column": query.vector_column,
-                "q": query.vector,
-                "k": query.k,
-                "metric": query.metric,
-                "nprobes": query.nprobes,
-                "refine_factor": query.refine_factor,
-            },
-            batch_size=batch_size,
-            offset=query.offset,
-        ).to_reader()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def table(tmp_path) -> MockTable:
     df = pa.table(
         {
             "vector": pa.array(
@@ -68,8 +30,7 @@ def table(tmp_path) -> MockTable:
             "float_field": pa.array([1.0, 2.0]),
         }
     )
-    lance.write_dataset(df, tmp_path)
+    return db.create_table("test", df)
-    return MockTable(tmp_path)
 
 
 @pytest_asyncio.fixture
@@ -126,6 +87,12 @@ def test_query_builder(table):
     assert all(np.array(rs[0]["vector"]) == [1, 2])
 
 
+def test_with_row_id(table: lancedb.table.Table):
+    rs = table.search().with_row_id(True).to_arrow()
+    assert "_rowid" in rs.column_names
+    assert rs["_rowid"].to_pylist() == [0, 1]
+
+
 def test_vector_query_with_no_limit(table):
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         LanceVectorQueryBuilder(table, [0, 0], "vector").limit(0).select(
@@ -365,6 +332,12 @@ async def test_query_to_pandas_async(table_async: AsyncTable):
     assert df.shape == (0, 4)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_none_query(table_async: AsyncTable):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        await table_async.query().nearest_to(None).to_arrow()
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_fast_search_async(tmp_path):
     db = await lancedb.connect_async(tmp_path)

python/python/tests/test_remote_db.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
 
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 import contextlib
 from datetime import timedelta
 import http.server
@@ -103,6 +104,47 @@ async def test_async_remote_db():
         assert table_names == []
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_checkout():
+    def handler(request):
+        if request.path == "/v1/table/test/describe/":
+            request.send_response(200)
+            request.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+            request.end_headers()
+            response = json.dumps({"version": 42, "schema": {"fields": []}})
+            request.wfile.write(response.encode())
+            return
+
+        content_len = int(request.headers.get("Content-Length"))
+        body = request.rfile.read(content_len)
+        body = json.loads(body)
+
+        print("body is", body)
+
+        count = 0
+        if body["version"] == 1:
+            count = 100
+        elif body["version"] == 2:
+            count = 200
+        elif body["version"] is None:
+            count = 300
+
+        request.send_response(200)
+        request.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+        request.end_headers()
+        request.wfile.write(json.dumps(count).encode())
+
+    async with mock_lancedb_connection_async(handler) as db:
+        table = await db.open_table("test")
+        assert await table.count_rows() == 300
+        await table.checkout(1)
+        assert await table.count_rows() == 100
+        await table.checkout(2)
+        assert await table.count_rows() == 200
+        await table.checkout_latest()
+        assert await table.count_rows() == 300
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_http_error():
     request_id_holder = {"request_id": None}
@@ -146,6 +188,47 @@ async def test_retry_error():
         assert cause.status_code == 429
 
 
+def test_table_add_in_threadpool():
+    def handler(request):
+        if request.path == "/v1/table/test/insert/":
+            request.send_response(200)
+            request.end_headers()
+        elif request.path == "/v1/table/test/create/":
+            request.send_response(200)
+            request.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+            request.end_headers()
+            request.wfile.write(b"{}")
+        elif request.path == "/v1/table/test/describe/":
+            request.send_response(200)
+            request.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
+            request.end_headers()
+            payload = json.dumps(
+                dict(
+                    version=1,
+                    schema=dict(
+                        fields=[
+                            dict(name="id", type={"type": "int64"}, nullable=False),
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            request.wfile.write(payload.encode())
+        else:
+            request.send_response(404)
+            request.end_headers()
+
+    with mock_lancedb_connection(handler) as db:
+        table = db.create_table("test", [{"id": 1}])
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(3) as executor:
+            futures = []
+            for _ in range(10):
+                future = executor.submit(table.add, [{"id": 1}])
+                futures.append(future)
+
+            for future in futures:
+                future.result()
+
+
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def query_test_table(query_handler):
     def handler(request):
@@ -185,8 +268,10 @@ def test_query_sync_minimal():
             "k": 10,
             "prefilter": False,
             "refine_factor": None,
+            "ef": None,
             "vector": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
             "nprobes": 20,
+            "version": None,
         }
 
         return pa.table({"id": [1, 2, 3]})
@@ -204,6 +289,7 @@ def test_query_sync_empty_query():
             "filter": "true",
             "vector": [],
             "columns": ["id"],
+            "version": None,
         }
 
         return pa.table({"id": [1, 2, 3]})
@@ -223,11 +309,13 @@ def test_query_sync_maximal():
             "refine_factor": 10,
             "vector": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
             "nprobes": 5,
+            "ef": None,
             "filter": "id > 0",
             "columns": ["id", "name"],
             "vector_column": "vector2",
             "fast_search": True,
             "with_row_id": True,
+            "version": None,
         }
 
         return pa.table({"id": [1, 2, 3], "name": ["a", "b", "c"]})
@@ -266,6 +354,7 @@ def test_query_sync_fts():
             },
             "k": 10,
             "vector": [],
+            "version": None,
         }
 
         return pa.table({"id": [1, 2, 3]})
@@ -282,6 +371,7 @@ def test_query_sync_fts():
             "k": 42,
             "vector": [],
             "with_row_id": True,
+            "version": None,
         }
 
         return pa.table({"id": [1, 2, 3]})
@@ -307,6 +397,7 @@ def test_query_sync_hybrid():
                 "k": 42,
                 "vector": [],
                 "with_row_id": True,
+                "version": None,
             }
             return pa.table({"_rowid": [1, 2, 3], "_score": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3]})
         else:
@@ -318,7 +409,9 @@ def test_query_sync_hybrid():
                 "refine_factor": None,
                 "vector": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                 "nprobes": 20,
+                "ef": None,
                 "with_row_id": True,
+                "version": None,
             }
             return pa.table({"_rowid": [1, 2, 3], "_distance": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3]})
 

python/python/tests/test_table.py

@@ -240,6 +240,121 @@ def test_add(db):
     _add(table, schema)
 
 
+def test_add_subschema(tmp_path):
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2), nullable=True),
+            pa.field("item", pa.string(), nullable=True),
+            pa.field("price", pa.float64(), nullable=False),
+        ]
+    )
+    table = db.create_table("test", schema=schema)
+
+    data = {"price": 10.0, "item": "foo"}
+    table.add([data])
+    data = {"price": 2.0, "vector": [3.1, 4.1]}
+    table.add([data])
+    data = {"price": 3.0, "vector": [5.9, 26.5], "item": "bar"}
+    table.add([data])
+
+    expected = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vector": [None, [3.1, 4.1], [5.9, 26.5]],
+            "item": ["foo", None, "bar"],
+            "price": [10.0, 2.0, 3.0],
+        },
+        schema=schema,
+    )
+    assert table.to_arrow() == expected
+
+    data = {"item": "foo"}
+    # We can't omit a column if it's not nullable
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="Invalid user input"):
+        table.add([data])
+
+    # We can add it if we make the column nullable
+    table.alter_columns(dict(path="price", nullable=True))
+    table.add([data])
+
+    expected_schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2), nullable=True),
+            pa.field("item", pa.string(), nullable=True),
+            pa.field("price", pa.float64(), nullable=True),
+        ]
+    )
+    expected = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vector": [None, [3.1, 4.1], [5.9, 26.5], None],
+            "item": ["foo", None, "bar", "foo"],
+            "price": [10.0, 2.0, 3.0, None],
+        },
+        schema=expected_schema,
+    )
+    assert table.to_arrow() == expected
+
+
+def test_add_nullability(tmp_path):
+    db = lancedb.connect(tmp_path)
+    schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2), nullable=False),
+            pa.field("id", pa.string(), nullable=False),
+        ]
+    )
+    table = db.create_table("test", schema=schema)
+
+    nullable_schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2), nullable=True),
+            pa.field("id", pa.string(), nullable=True),
+        ]
+    )
+    data = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vector": [[3.1, 4.1], [5.9, 26.5]],
+            "id": ["foo", "bar"],
+        },
+        schema=nullable_schema,
+    )
+    # We can add nullable schema if it doesn't actually contain nulls
+    table.add(data)
+
+    expected = data.cast(schema)
+    assert table.to_arrow() == expected
+
+    data = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vector": [None],
+            "id": ["baz"],
+        },
+        schema=nullable_schema,
+    )
+    # We can't add nullable schema if it contains nulls
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Vector column vector has NaNs"):
+        table.add(data)
+
+    # But we can make it nullable
+    table.alter_columns(dict(path="vector", nullable=True))
+    table.add(data)
+
+    expected_schema = pa.schema(
+        [
+            pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 2), nullable=True),
+            pa.field("id", pa.string(), nullable=False),
+        ]
+    )
+    expected = pa.table(
+        {
+            "vector": [[3.1, 4.1], [5.9, 26.5], None],
+            "id": ["foo", "bar", "baz"],
+        },
+        schema=expected_schema,
+    )
+    assert table.to_arrow() == expected
+
+
 def test_add_pydantic_model(db):
     # https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb/issues/562
 

python/src/query.rs

@@ -195,6 +195,10 @@ impl VectorQuery {
         self.inner = self.inner.clone().nprobes(nprobe as usize);
     }
 
+    pub fn ef(&mut self, ef: u32) {
+        self.inner = self.inner.clone().ef(ef as usize);
+    }
+
     pub fn bypass_vector_index(&mut self) {
         self.inner = self.inner.clone().bypass_vector_index()
     }

python/src/table.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use lancedb::table::{
 use pyo3::{
     exceptions::{PyRuntimeError, PyValueError},
     pyclass, pymethods,
-    types::{PyDict, PyDictMethods, PyString},
+    types::{IntoPyDict, PyDict, PyDictMethods, PyString},
     Bound, FromPyObject, PyAny, PyRef, PyResult, Python, ToPyObject,
 };
 use pyo3_asyncio_0_21::tokio::future_into_py;
@@ -246,6 +246,33 @@ impl Table {
         )
     }
 
+    pub fn list_versions(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
+        let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
+        future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {
+            let versions = inner.list_versions().await.infer_error()?;
+            let versions_as_dict = Python::with_gil(|py| {
+                versions
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|v| {
+                        let dict = PyDict::new_bound(py);
+                        dict.set_item("version", v.version).unwrap();
+                        dict.set_item(
+                            "timestamp",
+                            v.timestamp.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap_or_default(),
+                        )
+                        .unwrap();
+
+                        let tup: Vec<(&String, &String)> = v.metadata.iter().collect();
+                        dict.set_item("metadata", tup.into_py_dict(py)).unwrap();
+                        dict.to_object(py)
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            });
+
+            Ok(versions_as_dict)
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn checkout(self_: PyRef<'_, Self>, version: u64) -> PyResult<Bound<'_, PyAny>> {
         let inner = self_.inner_ref()?.clone();
         future_into_py(self_.py(), async move {

rust/ffi/node/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb-node"
-version = "0.13.0-beta.1"
+version = "0.13.1-beta.0"
 description = "Serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true

rust/lancedb/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lancedb"
-version = "0.13.0-beta.1"
+version = "0.13.1-beta.0"
 edition.workspace = true
 description = "LanceDB: A serverless, low-latency vector database for AI applications"
 license.workspace = true
@@ -46,9 +46,17 @@ serde = { version = "^1" }
 serde_json = { version = "1" }
 async-openai = { version = "0.20.0", optional = true }
 serde_with = { version = "3.8.1" }
+aws-sdk-bedrockruntime = { version = "1.27.0", optional = true }
 # For remote feature
-reqwest = { version = "0.12.0", features = ["gzip", "json", "stream"], optional = true }
+reqwest = { version = "0.12.0", default-features = false, features = [
-rand = { version = "0.8.3", features = ["small_rng"], optional = true}
+    "charset",
+    "gzip",
+    "http2",
+    "json",
+    "macos-system-configuration",
+    "stream",
+], optional = true }
+rand = { version = "0.8.3", features = ["small_rng"], optional = true }
 http = { version = "1", optional = true } # Matching what is in reqwest
 uuid = { version = "1.7.0", features = ["v4"], optional = true }
 polars-arrow = { version = ">=0.37,<0.40.0", optional = true }
@@ -72,11 +80,13 @@ aws-config = { version = "1.0" }
 aws-smithy-runtime = { version = "1.3" }
 http-body = "1" # Matching reqwest
 
+
 [features]
-default = []
+default = ["default-tls"]
 remote = ["dep:reqwest", "dep:http", "dep:rand", "dep:uuid"]
 fp16kernels = ["lance-linalg/fp16kernels"]
 s3-test = []
+bedrock = ["dep:aws-sdk-bedrockruntime"]
 openai = ["dep:async-openai", "dep:reqwest"]
 polars = ["dep:polars-arrow", "dep:polars"]
 sentence-transformers = [
@@ -87,6 +97,11 @@ sentence-transformers = [
     "dep:tokenizers"
 ]
 
+# TLS
+default-tls = ["reqwest?/default-tls"]
+native-tls = ["reqwest?/native-tls"]
+rustls-tls = ["reqwest?/rustls-tls"]
+
 [[example]]
 name = "openai"
 required-features = ["openai"]
@@ -94,3 +109,7 @@ required-features = ["openai"]
 [[example]]
 name = "sentence_transformers"
 required-features = ["sentence-transformers"]
+
+[[example]]
+name = "bedrock"
+required-features = ["bedrock"]

rust/lancedb/examples/bedrock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use std::{iter::once, sync::Arc};
+
+use arrow_array::{Float64Array, Int32Array, RecordBatch, RecordBatchIterator, StringArray};
+use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
+use aws_config::Region;
+use aws_sdk_bedrockruntime::Client;
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use lancedb::{
+    arrow::IntoArrow,
+    connect,
+    embeddings::{bedrock::BedrockEmbeddingFunction, EmbeddingDefinition, EmbeddingFunction},
+    query::{ExecutableQuery, QueryBase},
+    Result,
+};
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    let tempdir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let tempdir = tempdir.path().to_str().unwrap();
+
+    // create Bedrock embedding function
+    let region: String = "us-east-1".to_string();
+    let config = aws_config::defaults(aws_config::BehaviorVersion::latest())
+        .region(Region::new(region))
+        .load()
+        .await;
+
+    let embedding = Arc::new(BedrockEmbeddingFunction::new(
+        Client::new(&config), // AWS Region
+    ));
+
+    let db = connect(tempdir).execute().await?;
+    db.embedding_registry()
+        .register("bedrock", embedding.clone())?;
+
+    let table = db
+        .create_table("vectors", make_data())
+        .add_embedding(EmbeddingDefinition::new(
+            "text",
+            "bedrock",
+            Some("embeddings"),
+        ))?
+        .execute()
+        .await?;
+
+    // execute vector search
+    let query = Arc::new(StringArray::from_iter_values(once("something warm")));
+    let query_vector = embedding.compute_query_embeddings(query)?;
+    let mut results = table
+        .vector_search(query_vector)?
+        .limit(1)
+        .execute()
+        .await?;
+
+    let rb = results.next().await.unwrap()?;
+    let out = rb
+        .column_by_name("text")
+        .unwrap()
+        .as_any()
+        .downcast_ref::<StringArray>()
+        .unwrap();
+    let text = out.iter().next().unwrap().unwrap();
+    println!("Closest match: {}", text);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn make_data() -> impl IntoArrow {
+    let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+        Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, true),
+        Field::new("text", DataType::Utf8, false),
+        Field::new("price", DataType::Float64, false),
+    ]);
+
+    let id = Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4]);
+    let text = StringArray::from_iter_values(vec![
+        "Black T-Shirt",
+        "Leather Jacket",
+        "Winter Parka",
+        "Hooded Sweatshirt",
+    ]);
+    let price = Float64Array::from(vec![10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 30.0]);
+    let schema = Arc::new(schema);
+    let rb = RecordBatch::try_new(
+        schema.clone(),
+        vec![Arc::new(id), Arc::new(text), Arc::new(price)],
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    Box::new(RecordBatchIterator::new(vec![Ok(rb)], schema))
+}

rust/lancedb/src/embeddings.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ pub mod openai;
 #[cfg(feature = "sentence-transformers")]
 pub mod sentence_transformers;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "bedrock")]
+pub mod bedrock;
+
 use lance::arrow::RecordBatchExt;
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,

rust/lancedb/src/embeddings/bedrock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+use aws_sdk_bedrockruntime::Client as BedrockClient;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Formatter, str::FromStr, sync::Arc};
+
+use arrow::array::{AsArray, Float32Builder};
+use arrow_array::{Array, ArrayRef, FixedSizeListArray, Float32Array};
+use arrow_data::ArrayData;
+use arrow_schema::DataType;
+use serde_json::{json, Value};
+
+use super::EmbeddingFunction;
+use crate::{Error, Result};
+
+use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+use tokio::task::block_in_place;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum BedrockEmbeddingModel {
+    TitanEmbedding,
+    CohereLarge,
+}
+
+impl BedrockEmbeddingModel {
+    fn ndims(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Self::TitanEmbedding => 1536,
+            Self::CohereLarge => 1024,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn model_id(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            Self::TitanEmbedding => "amazon.titan-embed-text-v1",
+            Self::CohereLarge => "cohere.embed-english-v3",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for BedrockEmbeddingModel {
+    type Err = Error;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "titan-embed-text-v1" => Ok(Self::TitanEmbedding),
+            "cohere-embed-english-v3" => Ok(Self::CohereLarge),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Invalid model. Available models are: 'titan-embed-text-v1', 'cohere-embed-english-v3'".to_string()
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct BedrockEmbeddingFunction {
+    model: BedrockEmbeddingModel,
+    client: BedrockClient,
+}
+
+impl BedrockEmbeddingFunction {
+    pub fn new(client: BedrockClient) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            model: BedrockEmbeddingModel::TitanEmbedding,
+            client,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_model(client: BedrockClient, model: BedrockEmbeddingModel) -> Self {
+        Self { model, client }
+    }
+}
+
+impl EmbeddingFunction for BedrockEmbeddingFunction {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bedrock"
+    }
+
+    fn source_type(&self) -> Result<Cow<DataType>> {
+        Ok(Cow::Owned(DataType::Utf8))
+    }
+
+    fn dest_type(&self) -> Result<Cow<DataType>> {
+        let n_dims = self.model.ndims();
+        Ok(Cow::Owned(DataType::new_fixed_size_list(
+            DataType::Float32,
+            n_dims as i32,
+            false,
+        )))
+    }
+
+    fn compute_source_embeddings(&self, source: ArrayRef) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
+        let len = source.len();
+        let n_dims = self.model.ndims();
+        let inner = self.compute_inner(source)?;
+
+        let fsl = DataType::new_fixed_size_list(DataType::Float32, n_dims as i32, false);
+
+        let array_data = ArrayData::builder(fsl)
+            .len(len)
+            .add_child_data(inner.into_data())
+            .build()?;
+
+        Ok(Arc::new(FixedSizeListArray::from(array_data)))
+    }
+
+    fn compute_query_embeddings(&self, input: Arc<dyn Array>) -> Result<Arc<dyn Array>> {
+        let arr = self.compute_inner(input)?;
+        Ok(Arc::new(arr))
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BedrockEmbeddingFunction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("BedrockEmbeddingFunction")
+            .field("model", &self.model)
+            // Skip client field as it doesn't implement Debug
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BedrockEmbeddingFunction {
+    fn compute_inner(&self, source: Arc<dyn Array>) -> Result<Float32Array> {
+        if source.is_nullable() {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Expected non-nullable data type".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        if !matches!(source.data_type(), DataType::Utf8 | DataType::LargeUtf8) {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Expected Utf8 data type".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let mut builder = Float32Builder::new();
+
+        let texts = match source.data_type() {
+            DataType::Utf8 => source
+                .as_string::<i32>()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|s| s.expect("array is non-nullable").to_string())
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+            DataType::LargeUtf8 => source
+                .as_string::<i64>()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|s| s.expect("array is non-nullable").to_string())
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+
+        for text in texts {
+            let request_body = match self.model {
+                BedrockEmbeddingModel::TitanEmbedding => {
+                    json!({
+                        "inputText": text
+                    })
+                }
+                BedrockEmbeddingModel::CohereLarge => {
+                    json!({
+                        "texts": [text],
+                        "input_type": "search_document"
+                    })
+                }
+            };
+
+            let client = self.client.clone();
+            let model_id = self.model.model_id().to_string();
+            let request_body = request_body.clone();
+
+            let response = block_in_place(move || {
+                Handle::current().block_on(async move {
+                    client
+                        .invoke_model()
+                        .model_id(model_id)
+                        .body(aws_sdk_bedrockruntime::primitives::Blob::new(
+                            serde_json::to_vec(&request_body).unwrap(),
+                        ))
+                        .send()
+                        .await
+                })
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let response_json: Value =
+                serde_json::from_slice(response.body.as_ref()).map_err(|e| Error::Runtime {
+                    message: format!("Failed to parse response: {}", e),
+                })?;
+
+            let embedding = match self.model {
+                BedrockEmbeddingModel::TitanEmbedding => response_json["embedding"]
+                    .as_array()
+                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                        message: "Missing embedding in response".to_string(),
+                    })?
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|v| v.as_f64().unwrap() as f32)
+                    .collect::<Vec<f32>>(),
+                BedrockEmbeddingModel::CohereLarge => response_json["embeddings"][0]
+                    .as_array()
+                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::Runtime {
+                        message: "Missing embeddings in response".to_string(),
+                    })?
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|v| v.as_f64().unwrap() as f32)
+                    .collect::<Vec<f32>>(),
+            };
+
+            builder.append_slice(&embedding);
+        }
+
+        Ok(builder.finish())
+    }
+}

rust/lancedb/src/query.rs

@@ -704,6 +704,9 @@ pub struct VectorQuery {
     // IVF PQ - ANN search.
     pub(crate) query_vector: Vec<Arc<dyn Array>>,
     pub(crate) nprobes: usize,
+    // The number of candidates to return during the refine step for HNSW,
+    // defaults to 1.5 * limit.
+    pub(crate) ef: Option<usize>,
     pub(crate) refine_factor: Option<u32>,
     pub(crate) distance_type: Option<DistanceType>,
     /// Default is true. Set to false to enforce a brute force search.
@@ -717,6 +720,7 @@ impl VectorQuery {
             column: None,
             query_vector: Vec::new(),
             nprobes: 20,
+            ef: None,
             refine_factor: None,
             distance_type: None,
             use_index: true,
@@ -776,6 +780,18 @@ impl VectorQuery {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Set the number of candidates to return during the refine step for HNSW
+    ///
+    /// This argument is only used when the vector column has an HNSW index.
+    /// If there is no index then this value is ignored.
+    ///
+    /// Increasing this value will increase the recall of your query but will
+    /// also increase the latency of your query.  The default value is 1.5*limit.
+    pub fn ef(mut self, ef: usize) -> Self {
+        self.ef = Some(ef);
+        self
+    }
+
     /// A multiplier to control how many additional rows are taken during the refine step
     ///
     /// This argument is only used when the vector column has an IVF PQ index.

rust/lancedb/src/remote/table.rs

@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ use http::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use lance::arrow::json::JsonSchema;
 use lance::dataset::scanner::DatasetRecordBatchStream;
-use lance::dataset::{ColumnAlteration, NewColumnTransform};
+use lance::dataset::{ColumnAlteration, NewColumnTransform, Version};
 use lance_datafusion::exec::OneShotExec;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
 use crate::{
     connection::NoData,
@@ -43,17 +44,32 @@ pub struct RemoteTable<S: HttpSend = Sender> {
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     client: RestfulLanceDbClient<S>,
     name: String,
+
+    version: RwLock<Option<u64>>,
 }
 
 impl<S: HttpSend> RemoteTable<S> {
     pub fn new(client: RestfulLanceDbClient<S>, name: String) -> Self {
-        Self { client, name }
+        Self {
+            client,
+            name,
+            version: RwLock::new(None),
+        }
     }
 
     async fn describe(&self) -> Result<TableDescription> {
-        let request = self
+        let version = self.current_version().await;
+        self.describe_version(version).await
+    }
+
+    async fn describe_version(&self, version: Option<u64>) -> Result<TableDescription> {
+        let mut request = self
             .client
             .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/describe/", self.name));
+
+        let body = serde_json::json!({ "version": version });
+        request = request.json(&body);
+
         let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(request, true).await?;
 
         let response = self.check_table_response(&request_id, response).await?;
@@ -196,6 +212,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RemoteTable<S> {
         body["prefilter"] = query.base.prefilter.into();
         body["distance_type"] = serde_json::json!(query.distance_type.unwrap_or_default());
         body["nprobes"] = query.nprobes.into();
+        body["ef"] = query.ef.into();
         body["refine_factor"] = query.refine_factor.into();
         if let Some(vector_column) = query.column.as_ref() {
             body["vector_column"] = serde_json::Value::String(vector_column.clone());
@@ -250,6 +267,24 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> RemoteTable<S> {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    async fn check_mutable(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let read_guard = self.version.read().await;
+        match *read_guard {
+            None => Ok(()),
+            Some(version) => Err(Error::NotSupported {
+                message: format!(
+                    "Cannot mutate table reference fixed at version {}. Call checkout_latest() to get a mutable table reference.",
+                    version
+                )
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn current_version(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+        let read_guard = self.version.read().await;
+        *read_guard
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -277,7 +312,11 @@ mod test_utils {
             T: Into<reqwest::Body>,
         {
             let client = client_with_handler(handler);
-            Self { client, name }
+            Self {
+                client,
+                name,
+                version: RwLock::new(None),
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -296,21 +335,62 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
     async fn version(&self) -> Result<u64> {
         self.describe().await.map(|desc| desc.version)
     }
-    async fn checkout(&self, _version: u64) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn checkout(&self, version: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        Err(Error::NotSupported {
+        // check that the version exists
-            message: "checkout is not supported on LanceDB cloud.".into(),
+        self.describe_version(Some(version))
-        })
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                // try to map the error to a more user-friendly error telling them
+                // specifically that the version does not exist
+                Error::TableNotFound { name } => Error::TableNotFound {
+                    name: format!("{} (version: {})", name, version),
+                },
+                e => e,
+            })?;
+
+        let mut write_guard = self.version.write().await;
+        *write_guard = Some(version);
+        Ok(())
     }
     async fn checkout_latest(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        Err(Error::NotSupported {
+        let mut write_guard = self.version.write().await;
-            message: "checkout is not supported on LanceDB cloud.".into(),
+        *write_guard = None;
-        })
+        Ok(())
     }
     async fn restore(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         Err(Error::NotSupported {
             message: "restore is not supported on LanceDB cloud.".into(),
         })
     }
+
+    async fn list_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<Version>> {
+        let request = self
+            .client
+            .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/version/list/", self.name));
+        let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(request, true).await?;
+        let response = self.check_table_response(&request_id, response).await?;
+
+        #[derive(Deserialize)]
+        struct ListVersionsResponse {
+            versions: Vec<Version>,
+        }
+
+        let body = response.text().await.err_to_http(request_id.clone())?;
+        let body: ListVersionsResponse =
+            serde_json::from_str(&body).map_err(|err| Error::Http {
+                source: format!(
+                    "Failed to parse list_versions response: {}, body: {}",
+                    err, body
+                )
+                .into(),
+                request_id,
+                status_code: None,
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(body.versions)
+    }
+
     async fn schema(&self) -> Result<SchemaRef> {
         let schema = self.describe().await?.schema;
         Ok(Arc::new(schema.try_into()?))
@@ -320,10 +400,13 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
             .client
             .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/count_rows/", self.name));
 
+        let version = self.current_version().await;
+
         if let Some(filter) = filter {
-            request = request.json(&serde_json::json!({ "predicate": filter }));
+            request = request.json(&serde_json::json!({ "predicate": filter, "version": version }));
         } else {
-            request = request.json(&serde_json::json!({}));
+            let body = serde_json::json!({ "version": version });
+            request = request.json(&body);
         }
 
         let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(request, true).await?;
@@ -343,6 +426,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
         add: AddDataBuilder<NoData>,
         data: Box<dyn RecordBatchReader + Send>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         let body = Self::reader_as_body(data)?;
         let mut request = self
             .client
@@ -371,7 +455,8 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
     ) -> Result<Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>> {
         let request = self.client.post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/query/", self.name));
 
-        let body = serde_json::Value::Object(Default::default());
+        let version = self.current_version().await;
+        let body = serde_json::json!({ "version": version });
         let bodies = Self::apply_vector_query_params(body, query)?;
 
         let mut futures = Vec::with_capacity(bodies.len());
@@ -406,7 +491,8 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
             .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/query/", self.name))
             .header(CONTENT_TYPE, JSON_CONTENT_TYPE);
 
-        let mut body = serde_json::Value::Object(Default::default());
+        let version = self.current_version().await;
+        let mut body = serde_json::json!({ "version": version });
         Self::apply_query_params(&mut body, query)?;
         // Empty vector can be passed if no vector search is performed.
         body["vector"] = serde_json::Value::Array(Vec::new());
@@ -420,6 +506,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
         Ok(DatasetRecordBatchStream::new(stream))
     }
     async fn update(&self, update: UpdateBuilder) -> Result<u64> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         let request = self
             .client
             .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/update/", self.name));
@@ -441,6 +528,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
         Ok(0) // TODO: support returning number of modified rows once supported in SaaS.
     }
     async fn delete(&self, predicate: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         let body = serde_json::json!({ "predicate": predicate });
         let request = self
             .client
@@ -452,6 +540,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
     }
 
     async fn create_index(&self, mut index: IndexBuilder) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         let request = self
             .client
             .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/create_index/", self.name));
@@ -530,6 +619,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
         params: MergeInsertBuilder,
         new_data: Box<dyn RecordBatchReader + Send>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         let query = MergeInsertRequest::try_from(params)?;
         let body = Self::reader_as_body(new_data)?;
         let request = self
@@ -546,6 +636,7 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
         Ok(())
     }
     async fn optimize(&self, _action: OptimizeAction) -> Result<OptimizeStats> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         Err(Error::NotSupported {
             message: "optimize is not supported on LanceDB cloud.".into(),
         })
@@ -555,16 +646,19 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
         _transforms: NewColumnTransform,
         _read_columns: Option<Vec<String>>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         Err(Error::NotSupported {
             message: "add_columns is not yet supported.".into(),
         })
     }
     async fn alter_columns(&self, _alterations: &[ColumnAlteration]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         Err(Error::NotSupported {
             message: "alter_columns is not yet supported.".into(),
         })
     }
     async fn drop_columns(&self, _columns: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.check_mutable().await?;
         Err(Error::NotSupported {
             message: "drop_columns is not yet supported.".into(),
         })
@@ -572,9 +666,13 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
 
     async fn list_indices(&self) -> Result<Vec<IndexConfig>> {
         // Make request to list the indices
-        let request = self
+        let mut request = self
             .client
             .post(&format!("/v1/table/{}/index/list/", self.name));
+        let version = self.current_version().await;
+        let body = serde_json::json!({ "version": version });
+        request = request.json(&body);
+
         let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(request, true).await?;
         let response = self.check_table_response(&request_id, response).await?;
 
@@ -624,10 +722,14 @@ impl<S: HttpSend> TableInternal for RemoteTable<S> {
     }
 
     async fn index_stats(&self, index_name: &str) -> Result<Option<IndexStatistics>> {
-        let request = self.client.post(&format!(
+        let mut request = self.client.post(&format!(
             "/v1/table/{}/index/{}/stats/",
             self.name, index_name
         ));
+        let version = self.current_version().await;
+        let body = serde_json::json!({ "version": version });
+        request = request.json(&body);
+
         let (request_id, response) = self.client.send(request, true).await?;
 
         if response.status() == StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
@@ -701,6 +803,7 @@ mod tests {
     use arrow::{array::AsArray, compute::concat_batches, datatypes::Int32Type};
     use arrow_array::{Int32Array, RecordBatch, RecordBatchIterator};
     use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema};
+    use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
     use futures::{future::BoxFuture, StreamExt, TryFutureExt};
     use lance_index::scalar::FullTextSearchQuery;
     use reqwest::Body;
@@ -805,7 +908,10 @@ mod tests {
                 request.headers().get("Content-Type").unwrap(),
                 JSON_CONTENT_TYPE
             );
-            assert_eq!(request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap(), br#"{}"#);
+            assert_eq!(
+                request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap(),
+                br#"{"version":null}"#
+            );
 
             http::Response::builder().status(200).body("42").unwrap()
         });
@@ -822,7 +928,7 @@ mod tests {
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap(),
-                br#"{"predicate":"a > 10"}"#
+                br#"{"predicate":"a > 10","version":null}"#
             );
 
             http::Response::builder().status(200).body("42").unwrap()
@@ -1121,7 +1227,9 @@ mod tests {
                 "prefilter": true,
                 "distance_type": "l2",
                 "nprobes": 20,
+                "ef": Option::<usize>::None,
                 "refine_factor": null,
+                "version": null,
             });
             // Pass vector separately to make sure it matches f32 precision.
             expected_body["vector"] = vec![0.1f32, 0.2, 0.3].into();
@@ -1166,7 +1274,9 @@ mod tests {
                 "bypass_vector_index": true,
                 "columns": ["a", "b"],
                 "nprobes": 12,
+                "ef": Option::<usize>::None,
                 "refine_factor": 2,
+                "version": null,
             });
             // Pass vector separately to make sure it matches f32 precision.
             expected_body["vector"] = vec![0.1f32, 0.2, 0.3].into();
@@ -1222,6 +1332,7 @@ mod tests {
                 "k": 10,
                 "vector": [],
                 "with_row_id": true,
+                "version": null
             });
             assert_eq!(body, expected_body);
 
@@ -1407,6 +1518,51 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(indices, expected);
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_versions() {
+        let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", |request| {
+            assert_eq!(request.method(), "POST");
+            assert_eq!(request.url().path(), "/v1/table/my_table/version/list/");
+
+            let version1 = lance::dataset::Version {
+                version: 1,
+                timestamp: "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap(),
+                metadata: Default::default(),
+            };
+            let version2 = lance::dataset::Version {
+                version: 2,
+                timestamp: "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap(),
+                metadata: Default::default(),
+            };
+            let response_body = serde_json::json!({
+                "versions": [
+                    version1,
+                    version2,
+                ]
+            });
+            let response_body = serde_json::to_string(&response_body).unwrap();
+
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(response_body)
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        let versions = table.list_versions().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(versions.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(versions[0].version, 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            versions[0].timestamp,
+            "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse::<DateTime<Utc>>().unwrap()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(versions[1].version, 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            versions[1].timestamp,
+            "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z".parse::<DateTime<Utc>>().unwrap()
+        );
+        // assert_eq!(versions, expected);
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_index_stats() {
         let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", |request| {
@@ -1451,4 +1607,195 @@ mod tests {
         let indices = table.index_stats("my_index").await.unwrap();
         assert!(indices.is_none());
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_passes_version() {
+        let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", |request| {
+            let body = request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap();
+            let body: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(body).unwrap();
+            let version = body
+                .as_object()
+                .unwrap()
+                .get("version")
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_u64()
+                .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(version, 42);
+
+            let response_body = match request.url().path() {
+                "/v1/table/my_table/describe/" => {
+                    serde_json::json!({
+                        "version": 42,
+                        "schema": { "fields": [] }
+                    })
+                }
+                "/v1/table/my_table/index/list/" => {
+                    serde_json::json!({
+                        "indexes": []
+                    })
+                }
+                "/v1/table/my_table/index/my_idx/stats/" => {
+                    serde_json::json!({
+                        "num_indexed_rows": 100000,
+                        "num_unindexed_rows": 0,
+                        "index_type": "IVF_PQ",
+                        "distance_type": "l2"
+                    })
+                }
+                "/v1/table/my_table/count_rows/" => {
+                    serde_json::json!(1000)
+                }
+                "/v1/table/my_table/query/" => {
+                    let expected_data = RecordBatch::try_new(
+                        Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false)])),
+                        vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3]))],
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+                    let expected_data_ref = expected_data.clone();
+                    let response_body = write_ipc_file(&expected_data_ref);
+                    return http::Response::builder()
+                        .status(200)
+                        .header(CONTENT_TYPE, ARROW_FILE_CONTENT_TYPE)
+                        .body(response_body)
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+
+                path => panic!("Unexpected path: {}", path),
+            };
+
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(
+                    serde_json::to_string(&response_body)
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .as_bytes()
+                        .to_vec(),
+                )
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        table.checkout(42).await.unwrap();
+
+        // ensure that version is passed to the /describe endpoint
+        let version = table.version().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(version, 42);
+
+        // ensure it's passed to other read API calls
+        table.list_indices().await.unwrap();
+        table.index_stats("my_idx").await.unwrap();
+        table.count_rows(None).await.unwrap();
+        table
+            .query()
+            .nearest_to(vec![0.1, 0.2, 0.3])
+            .unwrap()
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_fails_if_checkout_version_doesnt_exist() {
+        let table = Table::new_with_handler("my_table", |request| {
+            let body = request.body().unwrap().as_bytes().unwrap();
+            let body: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(body).unwrap();
+            let version = body
+                .as_object()
+                .unwrap()
+                .get("version")
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_u64()
+                .unwrap();
+            if version != 42 {
+                return http::Response::builder()
+                    .status(404)
+                    .body(format!("Table my_table (version: {}) not found", version))
+                    .unwrap();
+            }
+
+            let response_body = match request.url().path() {
+                "/v1/table/my_table/describe/" => {
+                    serde_json::json!({
+                        "version": 42,
+                        "schema": { "fields": [] }
+                    })
+                }
+                _ => panic!("Unexpected path"),
+            };
+
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(serde_json::to_string(&response_body).unwrap())
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        let res = table.checkout(43).await;
+        println!("{:?}", res);
+        assert!(
+            matches!(res, Err(Error::TableNotFound { name }) if name == "my_table (version: 43)")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_timetravel_immutable() {
+        let table = Table::new_with_handler::<String>("my_table", |request| {
+            let response_body = match request.url().path() {
+                "/v1/table/my_table/describe/" => {
+                    serde_json::json!({
+                        "version": 42,
+                        "schema": { "fields": [] }
+                    })
+                }
+                _ => panic!("Should not have made a request: {:?}", request),
+            };
+
+            http::Response::builder()
+                .status(200)
+                .body(serde_json::to_string(&response_body).unwrap())
+                .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        table.checkout(42).await.unwrap();
+
+        // Ensure that all mutable operations fail.
+        let res = table
+            .update()
+            .column("a", "a + 1")
+            .column("b", "b - 1")
+            .only_if("b > 10")
+            .execute()
+            .await;
+        assert!(matches!(res, Err(Error::NotSupported { .. })));
+
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false)])),
+            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3]))],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let data = Box::new(RecordBatchIterator::new(
+            [Ok(batch.clone())],
+            batch.schema(),
+        ));
+        let res = table.merge_insert(&["some_col"]).execute(data).await;
+        assert!(matches!(res, Err(Error::NotSupported { .. })));
+
+        let res = table.delete("id in (1, 2, 3)").await;
+        assert!(matches!(res, Err(Error::NotSupported { .. })));
+
+        let data = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, false)])),
+            vec![Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3]))],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let res = table
+            .add(RecordBatchIterator::new([Ok(data.clone())], data.schema()))
+            .execute()
+            .await;
+        assert!(matches!(res, Err(Error::NotSupported { .. })));
+
+        let res = table
+            .create_index(&["a"], Index::IvfPq(Default::default()))
+            .execute()
+            .await;
+        assert!(matches!(res, Err(Error::NotSupported { .. })));
+    }
 }

rust/lancedb/src/table.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub use lance::dataset::ColumnAlteration;
 pub use lance::dataset::NewColumnTransform;
 pub use lance::dataset::ReadParams;
 use lance::dataset::{
-    Dataset, UpdateBuilder as LanceUpdateBuilder, WhenMatched, WriteMode, WriteParams,
+    Dataset, UpdateBuilder as LanceUpdateBuilder, Version, WhenMatched, WriteMode, WriteParams,
 };
 use lance::dataset::{MergeInsertBuilder as LanceMergeInsertBuilder, WhenNotMatchedBySource};
 use lance::io::WrappingObjectStore;
@@ -426,6 +426,7 @@ pub(crate) trait TableInternal: std::fmt::Display + std::fmt::Debug + Send + Syn
     async fn checkout(&self, version: u64) -> Result<()>;
     async fn checkout_latest(&self) -> Result<()>;
     async fn restore(&self) -> Result<()>;
+    async fn list_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<Version>>;
     async fn table_definition(&self) -> Result<TableDefinition>;
     fn dataset_uri(&self) -> &str;
 }
@@ -955,6 +956,11 @@ impl Table {
         self.inner.restore().await
     }
 
+    /// List all the versions of the table
+    pub async fn list_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<Version>> {
+        self.inner.list_versions().await
+    }
+
     /// List all indices that have been created with [`Self::create_index`]
     pub async fn list_indices(&self) -> Result<Vec<IndexConfig>> {
         self.inner.list_indices().await
@@ -1319,7 +1325,7 @@ impl NativeTable {
         let (indices, mf) = futures::try_join!(dataset.load_indices(), dataset.latest_manifest())?;
         Ok(indices
             .iter()
-            .map(|i| VectorIndex::new_from_format(&mf, i))
+            .map(|i| VectorIndex::new_from_format(&(mf.0), i))
             .collect())
     }
 
@@ -1707,6 +1713,10 @@ impl TableInternal for NativeTable {
         self.dataset.reload().await
     }
 
+    async fn list_versions(&self) -> Result<Vec<Version>> {
+        Ok(self.dataset.get().await?.versions().await?)
+    }
+
     async fn restore(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let version =
             self.dataset
@@ -1904,6 +1914,9 @@ impl TableInternal for NativeTable {
             query.base.offset.map(|offset| offset as i64),
         )?;
         scanner.nprobs(query.nprobes);
+        if let Some(ef) = query.ef {
+            scanner.ef(ef);
+        }
         scanner.use_index(query.use_index);
         scanner.prefilter(query.base.prefilter);
         match query.base.select {