"""Custom exception handling""" class MissingValueError(ValueError): """Exception raised when a required value is missing.""" pass class MissingColumnError(KeyError): """ Exception raised when a column name specified is not in the DataFrame object """ def __init__(self, column_name): self.column_name = column_name def __str__(self): return ( f"Error: Column '{self.column_name}' does not exist in the DataFrame object" )