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<!-- lance-gatekeeper-fix:v1 agent=5c80c44c083b3b8ad0da595419d468fc generation=1 --> ## Root cause The legacy synchronous Python table called `delete` on a shared, mutable `lance.Dataset`. Concurrent table operations could hold a PyO3 borrow while delete requested an exclusive borrow, producing `RuntimeError: Already borrowed`. The current async-backed binding fixes this by cloning its thread-safe Rust table handle before awaiting, but that concurrency contract had no regression coverage. ## Fix - Document why delete must clone the Rust table handle before entering its async future. - Add a barrier-synchronized regression test that deletes distinct rows through one shared table from eight Python threads. - Verify every delete commits exactly one row, every commit gets a distinct version, and no rows remain. ## Validation - `cargo check --quiet --features remote --tests --examples` - `cargo fmt --all -- --check` - `uv run --extra tests --extra dev ruff format --check python/tests/test_table.py` - `uv run --extra tests --extra dev ruff check python/tests/test_table.py` - `uv run --extra tests --extra dev pytest python/tests/test_table.py::test_concurrent_deletes_are_thread_safe python/tests/test_table.py::test_delete python/tests/test_table.py::test_delete_expr python/tests/test_table.py::test_delete_expr_async -q` (4 passed) - Manual stress reproduction: 100 concurrent deletes on one table completed at versions 2–101 with zero rows remaining. Fixes #530 Co-authored-by: Gatefixer <313497061+lancedb-gatefixer[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>