Files
lancedb/python/python/tests/test_pydantic.py
T
LeonSGP fcd26c425a fix(python): preserve integer Vector and MultiVector values (#4450)
When `Vector` or `MultiVector` declares an integer Arrow value type,
Pydantic currently validates every element as a float. This silently
rounds integers above `2**53`, and converts `uint64`'s maximum value
into an out-of-range float before table insertion.

Use Pydantic's integer schema for integer Arrow value types in both
validators. Floating-point types retain the existing validation. Tests
exercise model serialization and real local table creation, insertion,
and reads for signed and unsigned integer boundaries and floating-point
controls, plus dimensions and optional/nullability behavior. Fractional
floats are rejected for integer declarations; integral floats remain
accepted. This does not extend ANN index support.

Validation on macOS arm64, with the current main native extension built
using Rust 1.97.0:

- Python 3.11.14 and 3.13.11, Pydantic 2.13.5: full `pytest -m "not slow
and not s3_test" -q python/tests` suite: **1,537 passed, 37 skipped, 68
deselected** on each runtime. Comparable unchanged-main baselines:
**1,521 passed, 37 skipped, 68 deselected** each.
- Added cases on unchanged main: **8 failed, 8 passed**; complete
`test_pydantic.py` after the fix: **40 passed** on each runtime.
- Documentation tests with the existing embeddings dependencies in an
isolated environment, Python 3.11.14: **77 passed, 6 skipped**, matching
the unchanged-main baseline. The workflow's Linux/Python 3.13 doctest
matrix was not reproduced locally.
- Repository Ruff lint/format, Pyright, all applicable pre-commit hooks,
compile checks, and `git diff --check` passed. Eight public SDK table
round trips passed on each final installed wheel runtime.

Slow, credential-dependent S3 integration tests, the remaining
OS/runtime matrix, and the minimum Pydantic/PyArrow dependency matrix
were not run locally. The native extension was built from unchanged
current main; the final local wheel repack contains the verified Python
change with that identical native extension. A separate candidate
maturin packaging attempt triggered Rust recompilation and was stopped,
so an official candidate distribution build was not completed. The
project requires Pydantic `>=2.7.4,<3`; Pydantic v1 support was removed
in #3990.

AI assistance: developed and verified with **gpt-6.1-sol**.
2026-10-23 02:44:05 +08:00

846 lines
24 KiB
Python

# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The LanceDB Authors
import json
from datetime import date, datetime
from enum import Enum
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
import pyarrow as pa
import pydantic
import pytest
from lancedb.conftest import MockTextEmbeddingFunction
from lancedb.pydantic import (
LanceModel,
MultiVector,
Vector,
pydantic_to_schema,
)
from pydantic import BaseModel
from pydantic import Field
def test_pydantic_to_arrow():
class StructModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
a: str
b: Optional[float]
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: int
s: str
vec: list[float]
li: list[int]
lili: list[list[float]]
litu: list[tuple[float, float]]
opt: Optional[str] = None
st: StructModel
dt: date
dtt: datetime
dt_with_tz: datetime = Field(json_schema_extra={"tz": "Asia/Shanghai"})
# d: dict
# TODO: test we can actually convert the model into data.
# m = TestModel(
# id=1,
# s="hello",
# vec=[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
# li=[2, 3, 4],
# lili=[[2.5, 1.5], [3.5, 4.5], [5.5, 6.5]],
# litu=[(2.5, 1.5), (3.5, 4.5), (5.5, 6.5)],
# st=StructModel(a="a", b=1.0),
# dt=date.today(),
# dtt=datetime.now(),
# dt_with_tz=datetime.now(pytz.timezone("Asia/Shanghai")),
# )
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("s", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float64()), False),
pa.field("li", pa.list_(pa.int64()), False),
pa.field("lili", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float64())), False),
pa.field("litu", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float64())), False),
pa.field("opt", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field(
"st",
pa.struct(
[pa.field("a", pa.utf8(), False), pa.field("b", pa.float64(), True)]
),
False,
),
pa.field("dt", pa.date32(), False),
pa.field("dtt", pa.timestamp("us"), False),
pa.field("dt_with_tz", pa.timestamp("us", tz="Asia/Shanghai"), False),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_optional_types_py310():
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
a: str | None
b: None | str
c: Optional[str]
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("a", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("b", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("c", pa.utf8(), True),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_optional_structs():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
split: SplitInfo | None = None
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"split",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
),
True,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_optional_struct_list_py310():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
splits: list[SplitInfo] | None = None
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"splits",
pa.list_(
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
)
),
True,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_nested_struct_list():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
splits: list[SplitInfo]
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"splits",
pa.list_(
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
)
),
False,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_bare_generic_raises_type_error():
# A bare, unparameterised List/Tuple has no element type to map to Arrow.
# It should raise a clear TypeError, not crash with AttributeError: __args__.
for bare in (List, Tuple):
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
items: bare
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unsupported type"):
pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
def test_nested_struct_list_optional():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
splits: Optional[list[SplitInfo]] = None
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"splits",
pa.list_(
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
)
),
True,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_nested_struct_list_optional_items():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
splits: list[Optional[SplitInfo]]
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"splits",
pa.list_(
pa.field(
"item",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
),
True,
)
),
False,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_nested_struct_list_optional_container_and_items():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
splits: Optional[list[Optional[SplitInfo]]] = None
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"splits",
pa.list_(
pa.field(
"item",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
),
True,
)
),
True,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_nested_struct_list_optional_items_pep604():
class SplitInfo(pydantic.BaseModel):
start_frame: int
end_frame: int
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: str
splits: list[SplitInfo | None]
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field(
"splits",
pa.list_(
pa.field(
"item",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("start_frame", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("end_frame", pa.int64(), False),
]
),
True,
)
),
False,
),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_pydantic_to_arrow_py38():
class StructModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
a: str
b: Optional[float]
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
id: int
s: str
vec: List[float]
li: List[int]
lili: List[List[float]]
litu: List[Tuple[float, float]]
opt: Optional[str] = None
st: StructModel
dt: date
dtt: datetime
dt_with_tz: datetime = Field(json_schema_extra={"tz": "Asia/Shanghai"})
# d: dict
# TODO: test we can actually convert the model to Arrow data.
# m = TestModel(
# id=1,
# s="hello",
# vec=[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
# li=[2, 3, 4],
# lili=[[2.5, 1.5], [3.5, 4.5], [5.5, 6.5]],
# litu=[(2.5, 1.5), (3.5, 4.5), (5.5, 6.5)],
# st=StructModel(a="a", b=1.0),
# dt=date.today(),
# dtt=datetime.now(),
# dt_with_tz=datetime.now(pytz.timezone("Asia/Shanghai")),
# )
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
expect_schema = pa.schema(
[
pa.field("id", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("s", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float64()), False),
pa.field("li", pa.list_(pa.int64()), False),
pa.field("lili", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float64())), False),
pa.field("litu", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float64())), False),
pa.field("opt", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field(
"st",
pa.struct(
[pa.field("a", pa.utf8(), False), pa.field("b", pa.float64(), True)]
),
False,
),
pa.field("dt", pa.date32(), False),
pa.field("dtt", pa.timestamp("us"), False),
pa.field("dt_with_tz", pa.timestamp("us", tz="Asia/Shanghai"), False),
]
)
assert schema == expect_schema
def test_nullable_vector():
class NullableModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: Vector(16, nullable=False)
schema = pydantic_to_schema(NullableModel)
assert schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), False)])
class DefaultModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: Vector(16)
schema = pydantic_to_schema(DefaultModel)
assert schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), True)])
class NotNullableModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: Vector(16)
schema = pydantic_to_schema(NotNullableModel)
assert schema == pa.schema([pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16), True)])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("vector_type", [Vector, MultiVector])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"value_type, values",
[
(pa.int64(), [-(2**53 + 1), 2**53 + 3]),
(pa.uint64(), [2**53 + 1, 2**64 - 1]),
(pa.int8(), [-128, 127]),
(pa.uint8(), [0, 255]),
(pa.float32(), [1.25, 2.5]),
(pa.float64(), [1.25, 2.5]),
],
)
def test_typed_vector_round_trip(tmp_path, vector_type, value_type, values):
import lancedb
annotation = vector_type(2, value_type=value_type)
expected = [values, values] if vector_type is MultiVector else values
class Row(LanceModel):
id: int
payload: annotation
row = Row(id=1, payload=expected)
table = lancedb.connect(tmp_path).create_table("typed_vectors", [row], schema=Row)
table.add([Row(id=2, payload=expected)])
assert table.schema == Row.to_arrow_schema()
assert table.search().to_arrow().to_pylist() == [
{"id": 1, "payload": expected},
{"id": 2, "payload": expected},
]
assert json.loads(row.model_dump_json())["payload"] == expected
@pytest.mark.parametrize("vector_type", [Vector, MultiVector])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("nullable", [False, True])
def test_integer_vector_validation(vector_type, nullable):
annotation = vector_type(2, value_type=pa.int64(), nullable=nullable)
class Row(LanceModel):
payload: annotation
def shape(values):
return [values] if vector_type is MultiVector else values
assert Row.to_arrow_schema().field("payload").nullable is nullable
assert Row(payload=shape([1.0, -2.0])).model_dump()["payload"] == shape([1, -2])
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError, match="valid integer"):
Row(payload=shape([1.5, 2]))
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
Row(payload=shape([1]))
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
Row(payload=shape([1, 2, 3]))
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
Row(payload=None)
class OptionalRow(LanceModel):
payload: Optional[annotation] = None
assert OptionalRow(payload=None).payload is None
def test_bare_vector_raises_clear_error():
namespace = {
"__name__": "test_model_without_pyarrow",
"LanceModel": LanceModel,
"Vector": Vector,
}
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=r"Vector must be parameterized.*Vector\(128\)"):
exec("class TestModel(LanceModel):\n vector: Vector", namespace)
def test_embedding_vector_list_annotation():
embedding = MockTextEmbeddingFunction.create()
class StaticTypingModel(LanceModel):
text: str = embedding.SourceField()
vector: list[float] = embedding.VectorField()
schema = pydantic_to_schema(StaticTypingModel)
assert schema == pa.schema(
[
pa.field("text", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("vector", pa.list_(pa.float32(), embedding.ndims()), True),
]
)
model = StaticTypingModel(text="hello", vector=[0.0] * embedding.ndims())
assert model.vector == [0.0] * embedding.ndims()
def test_fixed_size_list_field():
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: Vector(16)
li: List[int]
data = TestModel(vec=list(range(16)), li=[1, 2, 3])
assert json.loads(data.model_dump_json()) == {
"vec": list(range(16)),
"li": [1, 2, 3],
}
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
assert schema == pa.schema(
[
pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16)),
pa.field("li", pa.list_(pa.int64()), False),
]
)
json_schema = TestModel.model_json_schema()
assert json_schema == {
"properties": {
"vec": {
"items": {"type": "number"},
"maxItems": 16,
"minItems": 16,
"title": "Vec",
"type": "array",
},
"li": {"items": {"type": "integer"}, "title": "Li", "type": "array"},
},
"required": ["vec", "li"],
"title": "TestModel",
"type": "object",
}
def test_fixed_size_list_validation():
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: Vector(8)
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
TestModel(vec=range(9))
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
TestModel(vec=range(7))
TestModel(vec=range(8))
def test_lance_model():
class TestModel(LanceModel):
vector: Vector(16) = Field(default=[0.0] * 16)
li: List[int] = Field(default=[1, 2, 3])
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
assert schema == TestModel.to_arrow_schema()
assert TestModel.field_names() == ["vector", "li"]
t = TestModel()
assert t == TestModel(vec=[0.0] * 16, li=[1, 2, 3])
def test_optional_nested_model():
class WAMedia(BaseModel):
url: str
mimetype: str
filename: Optional[str]
error: Optional[str]
data: bytes
class WALocation(BaseModel):
description: Optional[str]
latitude: str
longitude: str
class ReplyToMessage(BaseModel):
id: str
participant: str
body: str
class Message(BaseModel):
id: str
timestamp: int
from_: str
fromMe: bool
to: str
body: str
hasMedia: Optional[bool]
media: WAMedia
mediaUrl: Optional[str]
ack: Optional[int]
ackName: Optional[str]
author: Optional[str]
location: Optional[WALocation]
vCards: Optional[List[str]]
replyTo: Optional[ReplyToMessage]
class AnyEvent(LanceModel):
id: str
session: str
metadata: Optional[str] = None
engine: str
event: str
class MessageEvent(AnyEvent):
payload: Message
schema = pydantic_to_schema(MessageEvent)
payload = schema.field("payload")
assert payload.type == pa.struct(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("timestamp", pa.int64(), False),
pa.field("from_", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("fromMe", pa.bool_(), False),
pa.field("to", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("body", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("hasMedia", pa.bool_(), True),
pa.field(
"media",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("url", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("mimetype", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("filename", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("error", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("data", pa.binary(), False),
]
),
False,
),
pa.field("mediaUrl", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("ack", pa.int64(), True),
pa.field("ackName", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("author", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field(
"location",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("description", pa.utf8(), True),
pa.field("latitude", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("longitude", pa.utf8(), False),
]
),
True, # Optional
),
pa.field("vCards", pa.list_(pa.utf8()), True),
pa.field(
"replyTo",
pa.struct(
[
pa.field("id", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("participant", pa.utf8(), False),
pa.field("body", pa.utf8(), False),
]
),
True,
),
]
)
def test_multi_vector():
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: MultiVector(8)
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
assert schema == pa.schema(
[pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float32(), 8)), True)]
)
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
TestModel(vec=[[1.0] * 7])
with pytest.raises(pydantic.ValidationError):
TestModel(vec=[[1.0] * 9])
TestModel(vec=[[1.0] * 8])
TestModel(vec=[[1.0] * 8, [2.0] * 8])
TestModel(vec=[])
def test_multi_vector_nullable():
class NullableModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: MultiVector(16, nullable=False)
schema = pydantic_to_schema(NullableModel)
assert schema == pa.schema(
[pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16)), False)]
)
class DefaultModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
vec: MultiVector(16)
schema = pydantic_to_schema(DefaultModel)
assert schema == pa.schema(
[pa.field("vec", pa.list_(pa.list_(pa.float32(), 16)), True)]
)
def test_multi_vector_in_lance_model():
class TestModel(LanceModel):
id: int
vectors: MultiVector(16) = Field(default=[[0.0] * 16])
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
assert schema == TestModel.to_arrow_schema()
assert TestModel.field_names() == ["id", "vectors"]
t = TestModel(id=1)
assert t.vectors == [[0.0] * 16]
def test_aliases_in_lance_model(mem_db):
data = [
{"vector": [3.1, 4.1], "item": "foo", "price": 10.0},
{"vector": [5.9, 6.5], "item": "bar", "price": 20.0},
]
tbl = mem_db.create_table("items", data=data)
class TestModel(LanceModel):
name: str = Field(alias="item")
price: float
distance: float = Field(alias="_distance")
model = (
tbl.search([5.9, 6.5])
.distance_type("cosine")
.limit(1)
.to_pydantic(TestModel)[0]
)
assert hasattr(model, "name")
assert hasattr(model, "distance")
assert model.distance < 0.01
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_aliases_in_lance_model_async(mem_db_async):
data = [
{"vector": [8.3, 2.5], "item": "foo", "price": 12.0},
{"vector": [7.7, 3.9], "item": "bar", "price": 11.2},
]
tbl = await mem_db_async.create_table("items", data=data)
class TestModel(LanceModel):
name: str = Field(alias="item")
price: float
distance: float = Field(alias="_distance")
model = (
await tbl.vector_search([7.7, 3.9])
.distance_type("cosine")
.limit(1)
.to_pydantic(TestModel)
)[0]
assert hasattr(model, "name")
assert hasattr(model, "distance")
assert model.distance < 0.01
def test_enum_types():
"""Enum fields should map to the Arrow type of their value (issue #1846)."""
class StrStatus(str, Enum):
PENDING = "pending"
RUNNING = "running"
DONE = "done"
class IntPriority(int, Enum):
LOW = 1
MEDIUM = 2
HIGH = 3
class TestModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
status: StrStatus
priority: IntPriority
opt_status: Optional[StrStatus] = None
schema = pydantic_to_schema(TestModel)
assert schema.field("status").type == pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
assert schema.field("priority").type == pa.int64()
assert schema.field("opt_status").type == pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.utf8())
assert schema.field("opt_status").nullable
def test_plain_enum_values_are_written(mem_db):
"""Members of an Enum without a str/int mixin are written as their values."""
class Color(Enum):
RED = "red"
BLUE = "blue"
class Priority(Enum):
LOW = 1
HIGH = 2
class Tag(LanceModel):
color: Color
class TestModel(LanceModel):
color: Color
priority: Priority
opt_color: Optional[Color] = None
colors: List[Color]
tag: Tag
vector: Vector(2)
rows = [
TestModel(
color=Color.RED,
priority=Priority.HIGH,
opt_color=Color.BLUE,
colors=[Color.BLUE, Color.RED],
tag=Tag(color=Color.BLUE),
vector=[1.0, 2.0],
),
TestModel(
color=Color.BLUE,
priority=Priority.LOW,
colors=[],
tag=Tag(color=Color.RED),
vector=[3.0, 4.0],
),
]
tbl = mem_db.create_table("test", schema=TestModel)
tbl.add(rows)
assert tbl.to_arrow().select(["color", "priority", "opt_color"]).to_pylist() == [
{"color": "red", "priority": 2, "opt_color": "blue"},
{"color": "blue", "priority": 1, "opt_color": None},
]
assert tbl.search().to_pydantic(TestModel) == rows