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lancedb/docs/web/basics/lance.mdx
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Jack Ye ddb318567a docs: complete SQL reference, enrich Functions drafts, rename OSS to Embedded (#4732)
## Summary

- Complete the SQL reference: `ATTACH DATABASE`, the `CHANGES` clause,
and
`dedupe()`/`duplicate_pairs()` (verified against current sophon source;
these were recently renamed from
`vector_dedup`/`vector_duplicate_pairs`).
  Fix the blob-column default-projection claim and add the previously
  undocumented `blob_descriptor()`.
- Enrich the gated Functions draft (still `.mintignore`'d, pre-release):
  chained Functions over blob outputs, GPU-produced blobs, Secrets,
  multi-input/output binding, `code=[module]` packaging.
- Upgrade the materialized-view and computed-column auto-refresh drafts
with
  precise, verified catch-up semantics, and add the missing `ALTER
  MATERIALIZED VIEW` / `CREATE ... WITH(...)` sections (also gated — the
  automatic-refresh scheduler is still dev/staging-only).
- Thread one running example (video frames → GPU extract/caption → dedup
→
auto-refreshing materialized view) through Functions, materialized
views,
and the LeRobotDataset integration guide instead of a separate tutorial.
- Rename "LanceDB OSS"/"OSS" to "LanceDB Embedded"/"Embedded" throughout
  (52 files); activate the existing availability-comparison mechanism on
  `basics/offerings.mdx` for a full feature-by-feature comparison table.
2026-10-29 10:16:03 -07:00

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---
title: "Lance format"
sidebarTitle: "Lance Format"
description: "The open format for multimodal data behind LanceDB."
icon: "/static/assets/logo/lance-logo-gray.png"
keywords: ["lance", "format", "multimodal", "versioning", "column evolution"]
---
## Lance format overview {#standard}
[Lance](https://lance.org/) is an open-source, columnar format designed for
multimodal AI. It defines how data is stored and organized into versioned tables.
<span id="embedded" />
<span id="enterprise" />
LanceDB Embedded and LanceDB Enterprise both use Lance as their storage foundation.
The format is developed as an independent open-source project, with its own
specification and tools.
## Multimodal data {#storage}
A Lance table can hold images, video, audio, text, embeddings and structured
metadata together. For example, a video dataset can keep each clip alongside
its caption, labels and embeddings, so applications can search and work with
those fields together.
## Data access, versioning and column updates {#capabilities}
- **Efficient data access.** Read individual rows for retrieval and training,
or scan columns for analytics.
- **Versioned data.** Read an earlier table version to reproduce an experiment
or inspect previous results, while that version is retained.
- **Independent column updates.** Add embeddings or other derived features
without rewriting the existing image, video or text columns.
## Learn more {#next}
<span id="versioning" />
<span id="evolution" />
- [Lance format specification](https://lance.org/format): how the format works.
- [Table versioning](/management/table#versioning): read and manage table versions.
- [Computed columns](/feature-engineering/add-computed-column): add derived features to your data.
- [Architecture](/#architecture): how LanceDB Embedded and Enterprise build on Lance.