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Jack Ye e639b1b650 feat: add asynchronous remote SQL queries (#4070) 
## Summary

Add SQL execution to remote LanceDB connections. On the standard
synchronous connection, `execute_query` waits for the initial result
stream and returns its Arrow reader. `execute_query_async` is called
without Python `await` and immediately returns a query handle for status
inspection, streaming, or cancellation. Local databases report that SQL
is not supported.

The transport and query lifecycle live in Rust. Python exposes
native-backed synchronous and asynchronous connection methods and query
wrappers; it does not use PyArrow's Flight client.

## User experience

The standard synchronous connection supports both direct reads and
background query execution:

```python
db = lancedb.connect(
    "db://analytics",
    api_key="ldb_...",
    sql_host_override="grpc+tls://sql.example.com:10026",
)

# Direct execution waits only until the initial result stream is available.
# Later batches continue streaming as the query progresses.
reader = db.execute_query(
    "SELECT * FROM events",
    default_namespace_path=["production"],
)
for batch in reader:
    print(batch.num_rows)

# Background execution returns a query handle immediately. Despite the
# `_async` suffix, no Python `await` is needed on a synchronous connection.
query = db.execute_query_async("SELECT * FROM events")
print(query.id)

description = db.describe_query(query.id)
print(description.status)
print(description.progress)
print(description.expires_at)

# Start reading as soon as the service advertises partial results. The reader
# continues polling and yields newly available record batches until the query
# and all result endpoints are complete.
reader = query.reader()
for batch in reader:
    print(batch.num_rows)

# Or cancel a different still-running query. Its status becomes "cancelling"
# while the server is still working, then "cancelled" once confirmed.
cancelled_query = db.execute_query_async("SELECT * FROM large_events")
cancelled_query.cancel()
```

The less commonly used asynchronous connection exposes the same
operations as coroutines:

```python
async_db = await lancedb.connect_async(
    "db://analytics",
    api_key="ldb_...",
    sql_host_override="grpc+tls://sql.example.com:10026",
)
query = await async_db.execute_query_async("SELECT * FROM events")
async for batch in await query.reader():
    print(batch.num_rows)
```

The UUIDv7 query id is scoped to the connection that submitted it. The
connection retains lightweight shared query state used by
`query.describe()` and `db.describe_query(query.id)`; the id does not
encode SQL or a Flight continuation token and is not a cross-connection
resume token. Abandoned state has bounded retention, and terminal state
remains available briefly.

Unqualified table names use the connected database and the `public`
namespace by default. `default_namespace_path` accepts a list such as
`["production", "events"]`. SQL can still use qualified names to
reference other databases and namespaces available to the deployment.

## Design

- Uses Arrow Flight `PollFlightInfo` for submission and long polling,
`DoGet` for results, and `CancelFlightInfo` for cancellation. Each
`PollInfo.info` is treated as the cumulative set of currently available
endpoints, so advertised tickets are consumed once and batches can be
delivered before execution is complete.
- Serializes result completion and cancellation into one lifecycle. A
server-accepted request reports `cancelling` and wakes blocked
status/result work; a later retry can confirm `cancelled`. Result
retrieval is rejected after cancellation is accepted, while cancellation
after a result was already delivered is a no-op.
- Assigns a time-ordered UUIDv7 connection-scoped query id and retains
only shared evolving lifecycle state, keeping SQL, Flight continuation
tokens, and Arrow result data out of public ids and the registry.
- Leaves admission control to the server while honoring server
expiration and a local fallback retention window for abandoned entries.
- Retains terminal ids for five minutes so they remain available for
connection-level description.
- Keeps one lazily initialized SQL client on each remote database
connection and attaches fresh authentication, routing, namespace, and
request metadata to every operation.
- Applies the configured overall timeout to each execution, description,
reader, and cancellation operation. A result reader carries one absolute
deadline from `reader()` through the end of streaming; connect and read
timeouts continue to bound their individual phases.
- Returns a bounded, backpressured, single-consumer Arrow stream rather
than collecting the full result in memory. Dropping the reader stops
downloading but does not implicitly cancel the server query.
- Preserves typed schemas for empty result sets through the stream
schema.
- Accepts Flight result messages up to 1 GiB so a valid row containing a
large blob, string, or vector is not rejected by tonic's 4 MiB default
receive limit.
- Supports the Python client first while keeping the authoritative
implementation in the Rust core.
2026-09-03 14:59:14 -07:00

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name: Rust
on:
push:
branches:
- main
pull_request:
paths:
- Cargo.toml
- Cargo.lock
- rust-toolchain.toml
- deny.toml
- rust/**
- nodejs/Cargo.toml
- python/Cargo.toml
- .github/workflows/rust.yml
permissions:
contents: read
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
env:
# This env var is used by Swatinem/rust-cache@v2 for the cache
# key, so we set it to make sure it is always consistent.
CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
jobs:
lint:
timeout-minutes: 30
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
defaults:
run:
shell: bash
env:
# Need up-to-date compilers for kernels
CC: clang-18
CXX: clang++-18
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 0
lfs: true
- uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
with:
components: rustfmt, clippy
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Restore everywhere, but only save from main. Per-PR saves are
# unreadable outside their own branch anyway, since GitHub scopes
# caches to the creating ref.
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler libssl-dev
- name: Run format
run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
- name: Run clippy
run: cargo clippy --profile ci --workspace --tests --all-features -- -D warnings
- name: Run clippy (without remote feature)
run: cargo clippy --profile ci --workspace --tests -- -D warnings
deny:
# Supply-chain checks: advisories, licenses, banned crates, and source
# restrictions. Configuration lives in `deny.toml` at the workspace root.
timeout-minutes: 10
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
- uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v2
with:
command: check advisories bans licenses sources
build-no-lock:
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
timeout-minutes: 30
env:
# Need up-to-date compilers for kernels
CC: clang
CXX: clang++
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
# Building without a lock file often requires the latest Rust version since downstream
# dependencies may have updated their minimum Rust version.
- uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
with:
toolchain: "stable"
# Remove cargo.lock to force a fresh build
- name: Remove Cargo.lock
run: rm -f Cargo.lock
- uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Restore everywhere, but only save from main. Per-PR saves are
# unreadable outside their own branch anyway, since GitHub scopes
# caches to the creating ref.
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler libssl-dev
- name: Build all
run: |
cargo build --profile ci --benches --all-features --tests
linux:
timeout-minutes: 60
# To build all features, we need more disk space than is available
# on the free OSS github runner. This is mostly due to the the
# sentence-transformers feature.
runs-on: ubuntu-2404-4x-x64
defaults:
run:
shell: bash
working-directory: rust
env:
# Need up-to-date compilers for kernels
CC: clang-18
CXX: clang++-18
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 0
lfs: true
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Restore everywhere, but only save from main. Per-PR saves are
# unreadable outside their own branch anyway, since GitHub scopes
# caches to the creating ref.
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler libssl-dev
- uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
- name: Make Swap
run: |
swapfile=/swapfile
min_swap_bytes=$((15 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024))
active_swap_bytes="$(sudo swapon --show=NAME,SIZE --bytes --noheadings | awk '$1 == "/swapfile" { print $2 }')"
if [ -n "$active_swap_bytes" ]; then
if [ "$active_swap_bytes" -ge "$min_swap_bytes" ]; then
echo "/swapfile is already active with enough space; skipping swap creation"
exit 0
fi
echo "/swapfile is already active but smaller than 16G; using /mnt/lancedb-swapfile"
swapfile=/mnt/lancedb-swapfile
fi
if sudo swapon --show=NAME --noheadings | grep -Fxq "$swapfile"; then
echo "$swapfile is already active; skipping swap creation"
exit 0
fi
sudo rm -f "$swapfile"
sudo fallocate -l 16G "$swapfile"
sudo chmod 600 "$swapfile"
sudo mkswap "$swapfile"
sudo swapon "$swapfile"
- name: Build
run: cargo build --profile ci --all-features --tests --locked --examples
- name: Run feature tests
run: CARGO_ARGS="--profile ci" make -C ./lancedb feature-tests
- name: Run examples
run: cargo run --profile ci --all-features --example simple --locked
remote:
timeout-minutes: 30
# Running this requires access to secrets, so skip if this is a PR from a
# fork. Keep it separate from the all-features build so Cargo does not
# retain both dependency graphs in one target directory.
if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || !github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork
runs-on: ubuntu-2404-4x-x64
defaults:
run:
shell: bash
working-directory: rust
env:
CC: clang-18
CXX: clang++-18
GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SOPHON_READ_TOKEN }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 0
lfs: true
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Remote tests use a different feature graph from the main Linux
# job. Cache downloads, but build into a fresh target directory.
cache-targets: false
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler libssl-dev
- uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
- name: Run remote tests
run: CARGO_ARGS="--profile ci" make -C ./lancedb remote-tests
macos:
timeout-minutes: 60
strategy:
matrix:
mac-runner: ["macos-14", "macos-15"]
runs-on: "${{ matrix.mac-runner }}"
defaults:
run:
shell: bash
working-directory: rust
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 0
lfs: true
- name: CPU features
run: sysctl -a | grep cpu
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Restore everywhere, but only save from main. Per-PR saves are
# unreadable outside their own branch anyway, since GitHub scopes
# caches to the creating ref.
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Install dependencies
run: brew install protobuf
- name: Run tests
run: |
# Don't run the s3 integration tests since docker isn't available
# on this image.
ALL_FEATURES=`cargo metadata --format-version=1 --no-deps \
| jq -r '.packages[] | .features | keys | .[]' \
| grep -v s3-test | sort | uniq | paste -s -d "," -`
# Run doctests before test binaries fill the runner disk. Examples are
# already built by the Linux job, so avoid retaining them here.
cargo test --profile ci --features $ALL_FEATURES --locked --doc
cargo test --profile ci --features $ALL_FEATURES --locked --lib --tests
windows:
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
include:
- target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
runner: windows-2022
# windows-11-arm is a standard runner, so it is free on public repos.
# Running natively lets the aarch64 tests actually execute -- this
# job used to cross-compile them and then skip the test step, paying
# full codegen and link cost for a compile check.
- target: aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
runner: windows-11-arm
runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
defaults:
run:
working-directory: rust/lancedb
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: Set target
run: rustup target add ${{ matrix.target }}
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Restore everywhere, but only save from main. Per-PR saves are
# unreadable outside their own branch anyway, since GitHub scopes
# caches to the creating ref.
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Install Protoc v21.12
run: choco install --no-progress protoc
- name: Build
run: |
$env:VCPKG_ROOT = $env:VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT
cargo build --profile ci --features aws,remote --tests --locked --target ${{ matrix.target }}
- name: Run tests
run: |
$env:VCPKG_ROOT = $env:VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT
# `--target` has to match the build step above. Without it cargo uses
# target/ci/ rather than target/<triple>/ci/ and rebuilds the entire
# dependency graph a second time.
cargo test --profile ci --features aws,remote --locked --target ${{ matrix.target }}
msrv:
# Check the minimum supported Rust version
name: MSRV Check - Rust v${{ matrix.msrv }}
runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
strategy:
matrix:
msrv: ["1.91.0"] # This should match up with rust-version in Cargo.toml
env:
# Need up-to-date compilers for kernels
CC: clang-18
CXX: clang++-18
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
submodules: true
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y protobuf-compiler libssl-dev
- name: Install ${{ matrix.msrv }}
uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
with:
toolchain: ${{ matrix.msrv }}
- uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
with:
# Restore everywhere, but only save from main. Per-PR saves are
# unreadable outside their own branch anyway, since GitHub scopes
# caches to the creating ref.
save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
- name: Downgrade dependencies
# These packages have newer requirements for MSRV
run: |
cargo update -p aws-sdk-bedrockruntime --precise 1.77.0
cargo update -p aws-sdk-dynamodb --precise 1.68.0
cargo update -p aws-config --precise 1.6.0
cargo update -p aws-sdk-kms --precise 1.63.0
cargo update -p aws-sdk-s3 --precise 1.79.0
cargo update -p aws-sdk-sso --precise 1.62.0
cargo update -p aws-sdk-ssooidc --precise 1.63.0
cargo update -p aws-sdk-sts --precise 1.63.0
# aws-runtime/sigv4/credential-types/types and the aws-smithy-*
# crates bumped their MSRV to 1.91.1 in late 2026; pin to the last
# 1.91.0-compatible versions. The order matters — each downgrade
# only succeeds once everything that still pins it at a higher
# version has itself been downgraded.
cargo update -p aws-runtime --precise 1.5.12
cargo update -p aws-types --precise 1.3.9
cargo update -p aws-sigv4 --precise 1.3.5
cargo update -p aws-credential-types --precise 1.2.8
# aws-smithy-checksums must stay at or above 0.63.13: OpenDAL's S3
# service needs crc-fast ~1.9, and older releases pin it to ~1.3.
cargo update -p aws-smithy-checksums --precise 0.63.13
cargo update -p aws-smithy-runtime --precise 1.9.3
cargo update -p aws-smithy-http --precise 0.62.6
cargo update -p aws-smithy-eventstream --precise 0.60.14
cargo update -p aws-smithy-http-client --precise 1.1.3
cargo update -p aws-smithy-observability --precise 0.1.4
cargo update -p aws-smithy-query --precise 0.60.8
cargo update -p aws-smithy-runtime-api --precise 1.9.3
cargo update -p aws-smithy-async --precise 1.2.7
cargo update -p aws-smithy-types --precise 1.3.6
cargo update -p aws-smithy-xml --precise 0.60.11
cargo update -p home --precise 0.5.9
- name: cargo +${{ matrix.msrv }} check
env:
RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.msrv }}
run: cargo check --profile ci --workspace --tests --benches --all-features
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