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lancedb/docs/web/sql/dql/changes.mdx
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Jack YeandClaude Sonnet 5 de95ed3f6d docs: overhaul curation, feature engineering, security and deployment guides (#4748)
A broad documentation pass across the areas LanceDB Enterprise and
Embedded
diverge on most:

**Data Curation** -- GPU Function execution, Slurm scheduling (and what
Slurm is, for readers new to it), blob late materialization as its own
page, joins, aggregation/profiling, sampling, near-duplicate detection,
chunking, distributed shuffle, and IVF-partition clustering.

**Feature Engineering** -- computed columns and materialized views,
restructured to lead with the Function-based path and show the SQL form
side by side with Python throughout; a single Auto Refresh page instead
of
duplicating scheduling details on every refresh page; adaptive
execution;
checkpointing; GPU and Slurm placement for refresh workers; a Training
Cache page for the PyTorch data loader's automatic cache benefit.

**Security & Governance** -- an Audit Log reference (schema, access,
grants), Secrets promoted to an ordinary catalog object with their own
SQL
DDL and a vending/rotation guide, and privilege-table fixes verified
against the authorization source.

**Deployment & Maintenance** -- Horizontal Scaling and OpenTelemetry
moved
into a real Deployment area; Automated Cleanup folded into Intelligent
Auto-Maintenance (every other maintenance decision already lived there);
RTE Compaction and Advanced Conflict Resolution documented in depth.

**Landing page** -- the Enterprise feature comparison table reorganized
(several redundant or stale rows removed, several new areas added), and
the
"why Enterprise" bullets replaced with ones tied to a concrete page
(Performance, Scale, Fault tolerance, Multicloud deployment, Simplify
operations) instead of vague promises.

Plus a full pass addressing lancedb-gatekeeper's review: a real
test-safety
bug (a quickstart test could silently overwrite and delete a
deployment's
own `frames` table), a fabricated SQL statement with no backing
implementation, an actual dedup-guarantee bug in `take_row_ids`, and
dozens
of documentation-accuracy fixes verified against source rather than
taken
on faith -- each either fixed, or left with an explicit note on why it
needs a feature or deployment owner's sign-off instead of being guessed
at.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

https://claude.ai/code/session_018PXMCbRH6i5w47TsjeEUMT

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-11-03 16:17:24 -08:00

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---
title: "Changes since a version"
sidebarTitle: "Changes"
description: "CHANGES: read the rows appended to a table since an earlier version."
icon: clock-rotate-left
keywords: ["changes", "append", "incremental", "cdc", "version"]
availability:
embedded: unavailable
enterprise: available
---
`CHANGES` reads the rows appended to a table since an earlier
[version](/management/table#versioning), without rescanning rows that were
already there:
<CodeGroup>
```sql SQL icon="database"
SELECT * FROM events CHANGES (INFORMATION => APPEND_ONLY) AT (VERSION => 42)
```
</CodeGroup>
This returns the rows appended after version 42, up to the table's current
version at the time the query runs.
## Strictly append-only {#strict}
The clause is named for what it requires, not just what it does: every
change to the table between the starting version and the current one must
be an append. If any of them inserted with changes other than a pure append
-- an update, a delete, a merge -- the query is refused rather than silently
returning an incomplete or wrong result. Re-run it with a later starting
version that is itself after the non-append write, or read the table in full
instead of incrementally.
`INFORMATION => APPEND_ONLY` is the only supported value: it names what kind
of history the clause is willing to read, not a choice among several. `AT
(VERSION => ...)` takes a positive integer; there is no `AT (TIMESTAMP =>
...)` form for this clause, unlike other version qualifiers.
## Where the clause can go {#placement}
It attaches to a table in `FROM`, including inside a subquery, a CTE, a join,
a set operation, or `EXPLAIN`:
<CodeGroup>
```sql SQL icon="database"
WITH recent AS (
SELECT * FROM events CHANGES (INFORMATION => APPEND_ONLY) AT (VERSION => 42)
)
SELECT count(*) FROM recent
SELECT * FROM events CHANGES (INFORMATION => APPEND_ONLY) AT (VERSION => 10) a
JOIN events CHANGES (INFORMATION => APPEND_ONLY) AT (VERSION => 20) b
ON a.id = b.id
```
</CodeGroup>
Each occurrence of a table keeps its own starting version, even when the same
table is referenced more than once in one statement.
## Unsupported forms {#refused}
| | |
| --- | --- |
| `CHANGES (INFORMATION => DEFAULT)` | only `APPEND_ONLY` is supported |
| `AT (TIMESTAMP => ...)` | only `AT (VERSION => ...)` is supported |
| `AT (VERSION => 0)` | the starting version must be positive |
| `... END (VERSION => ...)` | not supported; the current version is always the end |
| `CHANGES ... TABLESAMPLE (...)` | cannot be combined on the same table reference |
## What to read next {#next}
<CardGroup cols={2}>
<Card title="Table" icon="table" href="/sql/ddl/table">
CREATE, ALTER, CLONE and versioning basics.
</Card>
<Card title="Select" icon="magnifying-glass" href="/sql/dql/select">
The rest of the query grammar this clause attaches to.
</Card>
</CardGroup>