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lancedb/docs/web/sql/join.mdx
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Jack Ye 734eb39dc3 docs: make every sidebar label a capitalized noun
Six groups were verbs -- Manage, Ingest, Train, Operate, Secure, Deploy -- and
now name the thing rather than the action. Four more were sentence case.

The page labels that were verb phrases follow: Add Computed Column becomes
Computed Columns, Refresh Column becomes Column Refresh, Configuring Storage
becomes Configuration, and Explain becomes Query Plans, which is also more
accurate now that the page covers analyze as well.

SQL statement pages take the keyword -- SELECT, DDL, DML, REFRESH, SHOW, EXPLAIN
-- because a statement name is a noun and lowercase Select and Show read as
instructions. Concept pages there keep noun phrases: Joins, Window Functions,
Subqueries, Operators.

Two duplicate labels are resolved on the way. Reranking sat in Semantic Search
labelled Overview despite being the only page on its subject, and the Enterprise
client page sat in SQL Reference labelled SQL next to the reference Overview; it
is Client Connection now.

Title case leaves prepositions and articles lowercase, so Needle in a Haystack
and Hybrid Search on BEIR are already correct and unchanged.
2026-09-14 01:16:43 -07:00

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---
title: "Joins"
sidebarTitle: "Joins"
description: "Combining rows from more than one table, including across namespaces."
icon: link
keywords: ["join", "inner", "left", "outer", "cross", "namespace"]
---
<Badge color="red">Enterprise</Badge> [SQL runs on a deployment.](/sql)
Joining is the other thing the query builders cannot do. A question spanning two
tables is a SQL question.
## The join types {#types}
```sql
SELECT d.title, c.name
FROM documents AS d
JOIN categories AS c ON c.id = d.category_id
```
| | What it keeps |
| --- | --- |
| `[INNER] JOIN` | rows matching on both sides |
| `LEFT [OUTER] JOIN` | every left row, nulls where the right has no match |
| `RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN` | every right row |
| `FULL [OUTER] JOIN` | every row from both |
| `CROSS JOIN` | every combination -- the product of the two |
`USING (col)` is shorthand for an equality join on a shared column name, and
avoids repeating it in the select list.
## Across namespaces {#namespaces}
Tables in different [namespaces](/management/namespace) join by their dotted paths -- the
catalog is one catalog, so there is nothing to federate:
```sql
SELECT c.id, u.email
FROM prod.events.clicks AS c
JOIN prod.reference.users AS u ON u.id = c.user_id
```
## Joining a search result {#search}
[`fts()`](/sql/functions#fts) is a table function, so its result is a relation
and joins like any other:
```sql
SELECT c.name, count(*) AS hits
FROM fts('my_docs', 'puppy') AS m
JOIN categories AS c ON c.id = m.category_id
GROUP BY c.name
ORDER BY hits DESC
```
That composition is the reason full-text search is a relation rather than a
predicate -- a `WHERE` clause has nowhere to put the relevance score.
## Performance {#performance}
A join key with a [scalar index](/indexing/scalar-index) on it lets the planner
look rows up rather than scan for them. Check with
[`explain_plan`](/search/explain): an indexed key shows a `ScalarIndexQuery`,
an unindexed one shows a `LanceScan` feeding the join.
<Warning>
Avoid selecting blob or vector columns you do not need on either side of a join.
The join multiplies rows before projection is applied in some plans, so a wide
column can be materialized many more times than the result has rows.
</Warning>