docs: clarify that Credentials::new takes bearer token for xoauth2

Support WASM environments by using web-time.
This was tested on a Cloudflare worker environment.

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo install cargo-hack --debug
 
       - name: Check with cargo hack
-        run: cargo hack check --feature-powerset --depth 3
+        run: cargo hack check --feature-powerset --depth 3 --at-least-one-of aws-lc-rs,ring --at-least-one-of rustls-native-certs,webpki-roots
 
   test:
     name: test / ${{ matrix.name }}
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ jobs:
             rust: stable
           - name: beta
             rust: beta
-          - name: '1.70'
+          - name: '1.74'
-            rust: '1.70'
+            rust: '1.74'
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo test
 
       - name: Test with all features (-native-tls)
-        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features async-std1,async-std1-rustls-tls,boring-tls,builder,dkim,file-transport,file-transport-envelope,hostname,mime03,pool,rustls-native-certs,rustls-tls,sendmail-transport,smtp-transport,tokio1,tokio1-boring-tls,tokio1-rustls-tls,tracing
+        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features async-std1,async-std1-rustls,aws-lc-rs,rustls-native-certs,boring-tls,builder,dkim,file-transport,file-transport-envelope,hostname,mime03,pool,rustls-native-certs,rustls,sendmail-transport,smtp-transport,tokio1,tokio1-boring-tls,tokio1-rustls,tracing
 
       - name: Test with all features (-boring-tls)
-        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features async-std1,async-std1-rustls-tls,builder,dkim,file-transport,file-transport-envelope,hostname,mime03,native-tls,pool,rustls-native-certs,rustls-tls,sendmail-transport,smtp-transport,tokio1,tokio1-native-tls,tokio1-rustls-tls,tracing
+        run: cargo test --no-default-features --features async-std1,async-std1-rustls,aws-lc-rs,rustls-native-certs,builder,dkim,file-transport,file-transport-envelope,hostname,mime03,native-tls,pool,rustls-native-certs,rustls,sendmail-transport,smtp-transport,tokio1,tokio1-native-tls,tokio1-rustls,tracing
 
 #  coverage:
 #    name: Coverage

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,159 @@
+<a name="v0.11.15"></a>
+### v0.11.15 (2025-03-10)
+
+#### Upgrade notes
+
+* MSRV is now 1.74 ([#1060])
+
+#### Features
+
+* Add controlled shutdown methods ([#1045], [#1068])
+
+#### Misc
+
+* Deny `unreachable_pub` lint ([#1058])
+* Bump minimum supported `rustls` ([#1063])
+* Bump minimum supported `serde` ([#1064])
+* Upgrade semver compatible dependencies ([#1067])
+* Upgrade `email-encoding` to v0.4 ([#1069])
+
+[#1045]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1045
+[#1058]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1058
+[#1060]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1060
+[#1063]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1063
+[#1064]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1064
+[#1067]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1067
+[#1068]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1068
+[#1069]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1069
+
+<a name="v0.11.14"></a>
+### v0.11.14 (2025-02-23)
+
+This release deprecates the `rustls-tls`, `tokio1-rustls-tls` and `async-std1-rustls-tls`
+features, which will be removed in lettre v0.12.
+
+rustls users should start migrating to the `rustls`, `tokio1-rustls` and
+`async-std1-rustls` features. Unlike the deprecated _*rustls-tls_ features,
+which automatically enabled the `ring` and `webpki-roots` backends, the new
+features do not. To complete the migration, users must either enable the
+`aws-lc-rs` or the `ring` feature. Additionally, those who rely on `webpki-roots`
+for TLS certificate verification must now explicitly enable its feature.
+Users of `rustls-native-certs` do not need to enable `webpki-roots`.
+
+Find out more about the new features via the [lettre rustls docs].
+
+#### Features
+
+* Make it possible to use different `rustls` crypto providers and TLS verifiers ([#1054])
+
+#### Bug fixes
+
+* Use the same `rustls` crypto provider everywhere ([#1055])
+
+#### Misc
+
+* Deprecate `AsyncNetworkStream` being public ([#1059])
+* Upgrade `nom` to v8 ([#1048])
+* Drop `rustls-pemfile` in favor of `rustls-pki-types` APIs ([#1050])
+* Ban direct use of `std::time::SystemTime::now` via clippy ([#1043])
+* Drop direct dependency on `rustls-pki-types` ([#1051])
+* Remove artifact from `web-time` refactor ([#1049])
+* Fix warnings with `rustls-native-certs` when `tracing` is disabled ([#1053])
+* Bump license year ([#1057])
+* Cleanup `Cargo.toml` style ([#1047])
+
+[lettre rustls docs]: https://docs.rs/lettre/0.11.14/lettre/index.html#smtp-over-tls-via-the-rustls-crate
+[#1043]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1043
+[#1047]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1047
+[#1048]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1048
+[#1049]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1049
+[#1050]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1050
+[#1051]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1051
+[#1053]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1053
+[#1054]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1054
+[#1055]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1055
+[#1057]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1057
+[#1059]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1059
+
+<a name="v0.11.13"></a>
+### v0.11.13 (2025-02-17)
+
+#### Features
+
+* Add WASM support ([#1037], [#1042])
+* Add method to get the TLS verify result with BoringSSL ([#1039])
+
+#### Bug fixes
+
+* Synchronous pool shutdowns being arbitrarily delayed ([#1041])
+
+[#1037]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1037
+[#1039]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1039
+[#1041]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1041
+[#1042]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1042
+
+<a name="v0.11.12"></a>
+### v0.11.12 (2025-02-02)
+
+#### Misc
+
+* Warn against manually configuring `port` and `tls` on SMTP transport builder ([#1014])
+* Document variants of `Tls` enum ([#1015])
+* Fix rustdoc warnings ([#1016])
+* Add `ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN` to `Message` builder examples ([#1017])
+* Document `SmtpTransport` and `AsyncSmtpTransport` ([#1018])
+* Fix typo in transport builder `credentials` method ([#1019])
+* Document required system dependencies for OpenSSL ([#1030])
+* Improve docs for the `transport::smtp` module ([#1031])
+* Improve docs for smtp transport builder `from_url` ([#1032])
+* Replace `assert!` with `?` on `send` examples ([#1033])
+* Warn on more pedantic clippy lints and fix them ([#1035], [#1036])
+
+[#1014]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1014
+[#1015]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1015
+[#1016]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1016
+[#1017]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1017
+[#1018]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1018
+[#1019]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1019
+[#1030]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1030
+[#1031]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1031
+[#1032]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1032
+[#1033]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1033
+[#1035]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1035
+[#1036]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1036
+
+<a name="v0.11.11"></a>
+### v0.11.11 (2024-12-05)
+
+#### Upgrade notes
+
+* MSRV is now 1.71 ([#1008])
+
+#### Bug fixes
+
+* Fix off-by-one error reaching the minimum number of configured pooled connections ([#1012])
+
+#### Misc
+
+* Fix clippy warnings ([#1009])
+* Fix `-Zminimal-versions` build ([#1007])
+
+[#1007]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1007
+[#1008]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1008
+[#1009]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1009
+[#1012]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1012
+
+<a name="v0.11.10"></a>
+### v0.11.10 (2024-10-23)
+
+#### Bug fixes
+
+* Ignore disconnect errors when `pool` feature of SMTP transport is disabled ([#999])
+* Use case insensitive comparisons for matching login challenge requests ([#1000])
+
+[#999]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/999
+[#1000]: https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/1000
+
 <a name="v0.11.9"></a>
 ### v0.11.9 (2024-09-13)
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lettre"
 # remember to update html_root_url and README.md (Cargo.toml example and deps.rs badge)
-version = "0.11.9"
+version = "0.11.15"
 description = "Email client"
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage = "https://lettre.rs"
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ authors = ["Alexis Mousset <contact@amousset.me>", "Paolo Barbolini <paolo@paolo
 categories = ["email", "network-programming"]
 keywords = ["email", "smtp", "mailer", "message", "sendmail"]
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.70"
+rust-version = "1.74"
 
 [badges]
 is-it-maintained-issue-resolution = { repository = "lettre/lettre" }
@@ -19,9 +19,12 @@ is-it-maintained-open-issues = { repository = "lettre/lettre" }
 maintenance = { status = "actively-developed" }
 
 [dependencies]
+email_address = { version = "0.2.1", default-features = false }
 chumsky = "0.9"
 idna = "1"
-tracing = { version = "0.1.16", default-features = false, features = ["std"], optional = true } # feature
+
+## tracing support
+tracing = { version = "0.1.16", default-features = false, features = ["std"], optional = true }
 
 # builder
 httpdate = { version = "1", optional = true }
@@ -29,26 +32,24 @@ mime = { version = "0.3.4", optional = true }
 fastrand = { version = "2.0", optional = true }
 quoted_printable = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
 base64 = { version = "0.22", optional = true }
-email-encoding = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
+email-encoding = { version = "0.4", optional = true }
 
 # file transport
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4"], optional = true }
-serde = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["derive"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0.110", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
 serde_json = { version = "1", optional = true }
 
 # smtp-transport
-nom = { version = "7", optional = true }
+nom = { version = "8", optional = true }
 hostname = { version = "0.4", optional = true } # feature
 socket2 = { version = "0.5.1", optional = true }
 url = { version = "2.4", optional = true }
 percent-encoding = { version = "2.3", optional = true }
 
 ## tls
-native-tls = { version = "0.2.5", optional = true } # feature
+native-tls = { version = "0.2.9", optional = true } # feature
-rustls = { version = "0.23.5", default-features = false, features = ["ring", "logging", "std", "tls12"], optional = true }
+rustls = { version = "0.23.18", default-features = false, features = ["logging", "std", "tls12"], optional = true }
-rustls-pemfile = { version = "2", optional = true }
 rustls-native-certs = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
-rustls-pki-types = { version = "1.7", optional = true }
 webpki-roots = { version = "0.26", optional = true }
 boring = { version = "4", optional = true }
 
@@ -59,21 +60,21 @@ async-trait = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
 
 ## async-std
 async-std = { version = "1.8", optional = true }
-futures-rustls = { version = "0.26", default-features = false, features = ["logging", "tls12", "ring"], optional = true }
+futures-rustls = { version = "0.26", default-features = false, features = ["logging", "tls12"], optional = true }
 
 ## tokio
 tokio1_crate = { package = "tokio", version = "1", optional = true }
 tokio1_native_tls_crate = { package = "tokio-native-tls", version = "0.3", optional = true }
-tokio1_rustls = { package = "tokio-rustls", version = "0.26", default-features = false, features = ["logging", "tls12", "ring"], optional = true }
+tokio1_rustls = { package = "tokio-rustls", version = "0.26", default-features = false, features = ["logging", "tls12"], optional = true }
 tokio1_boring = { package = "tokio-boring", version = "4", optional = true }
 
 ## dkim
-sha2 = { version = "0.10", optional = true, features = ["oid"] }
+sha2 = { version = "0.10", features = ["oid"], optional = true }
 rsa = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
 ed25519-dalek = { version = "2", optional = true }
 
-# email formats
+## web-time for wasm support
-email_address = { version = "0.2.1", default-features = false }
+web-time = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 pretty_assertions = "1"
@@ -108,20 +109,33 @@ smtp-transport = ["dep:base64", "dep:nom", "dep:socket2", "dep:url", "dep:percen
 
 pool = ["dep:futures-util"]
 
-rustls-tls = ["dep:webpki-roots", "dep:rustls", "dep:rustls-pemfile", "dep:rustls-pki-types"]
+rustls = ["dep:rustls"]
+aws-lc-rs = ["rustls?/aws-lc-rs"]
+fips = ["aws-lc-rs", "rustls?/fips"]
+ring = ["rustls?/ring"]
+webpki-roots = ["dep:webpki-roots"]
+# deprecated
+rustls-tls = ["webpki-roots", "rustls", "ring"]
 
 boring-tls = ["dep:boring"]
 
 # async
 async-std1 = ["dep:async-std", "dep:async-trait", "dep:futures-io", "dep:futures-util"]
-async-std1-rustls-tls = ["async-std1", "rustls-tls", "dep:futures-rustls"]
+async-std1-rustls = ["async-std1", "rustls", "dep:futures-rustls"]
+# deprecated
+async-std1-rustls-tls = ["async-std1-rustls", "rustls-tls"]
 tokio1 = ["dep:tokio1_crate", "dep:async-trait", "dep:futures-io", "dep:futures-util"]
 tokio1-native-tls = ["tokio1", "native-tls", "dep:tokio1_native_tls_crate"]
-tokio1-rustls-tls = ["tokio1", "rustls-tls", "dep:tokio1_rustls"]
+tokio1-rustls = ["tokio1", "rustls", "dep:tokio1_rustls"]
+# deprecated
+tokio1-rustls-tls = ["tokio1-rustls", "rustls-tls"]
 tokio1-boring-tls = ["tokio1", "boring-tls", "dep:tokio1_boring"]
 
 dkim = ["dep:base64", "dep:sha2", "dep:rsa", "dep:ed25519-dalek"]
 
+# wasm support
+web = ["dep:web-time"]
+
 [lints.rust]
 unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(lettre_ignore_tls_mismatch)'] }
 

LICENSE

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Copyright (c) 2014-2024 Alexis Mousset <contact@amousset.me>
-Copyright (c) 2019-2024 Paolo Barbolini <paolo@paolo565.org>
+Copyright (c) 2019-2025 Paolo Barbolini <paolo@paolo565.org>
 Copyright (c) 2018 K. <kayo@illumium.org>
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any

README.md

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 </div>
 
 <div align="center">
-  <a href="https://deps.rs/crate/lettre/0.11.9">
+  <a href="https://deps.rs/crate/lettre/0.11.15">
-    <img src="https://deps.rs/crate/lettre/0.11.9/status.svg"
+    <img src="https://deps.rs/crate/lettre/0.11.15/status.svg"
       alt="dependency status" />
   </a>
 </div>
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ Lettre does not provide (for now):
 ## Supported Rust Versions
 
 Lettre supports all Rust versions released in the last 6 months. At the time of writing
-the minimum supported Rust version is 1.70, but this could change at any time either from
+the minimum supported Rust version is 1.74, but this could change at any time either from
 one of our dependencies bumping their MSRV or by a new patch release of lettre.
 
 ## Example
 
-This library requires Rust 1.70 or newer.
+This library requires Rust 1.74 or newer.
 To use this library, add the following to your `Cargo.toml`:
 
 ```toml

benches/transport_smtp.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
-use lettre::{Message, SmtpTransport, Transport};
+use lettre::{message::header::ContentType, Message, SmtpTransport, Transport};
 
 fn bench_simple_send(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let sender = SmtpTransport::builder_dangerous("127.0.0.1")
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ fn bench_simple_send(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
                 .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
                 .subject("Happy new year")
+                .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
                 .body(String::from("Be happy!"))
                 .unwrap();
             let result = black_box(sender.send(&email));
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ fn bench_reuse_send(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
                 .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
                 .subject("Happy new year")
+                .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
                 .body(String::from("Be happy!"))
                 .unwrap();
             let result = black_box(sender.send(&email));

clippy.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+disallowed-methods = [
+    { "path" = "std::time::SystemTime::now", reason = "does not work on WASM environments", replacement = "crate::time::now" }
+]

src/address/envelope.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub struct Envelope {
 mod serde_forward_path {
     use super::Address;
     /// dummy type required for serde
-    /// see example: https://serde.rs/deserialize-map.html
+    /// see example: <https://serde.rs/deserialize-map.html>
     struct CustomVisitor;
     impl<'de> serde::de::Visitor<'de> for CustomVisitor {
         type Value = Vec<Address>;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ mod serde_forward_path {
             }
         }
     }
-    pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Vec<Address>, D::Error>
+    pub(super) fn deserialize<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Vec<Address>, D::Error>
     where
         D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
     {

src/address/serde.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Address {
             {
                 struct FieldVisitor;
 
-                impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for FieldVisitor {
+                impl Visitor<'_> for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> FmtResult {

src/executor.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ use crate::transport::smtp::Error;
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait Executor: Debug + Send + Sync + 'static + private::Sealed {
     #[cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")]
+    #[allow(private_bounds)]
     type Handle: SpawnHandle;
     #[cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")]
     type Sleep: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static;
@@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ pub trait Executor: Debug + Send + Sync + 'static + private::Sealed {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 #[cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")]
 #[async_trait]
-pub trait SpawnHandle: Debug + Send + Sync + 'static + private::Sealed {
+pub(crate) trait SpawnHandle: Debug + Send + Sync + 'static + private::Sealed {
-    async fn shutdown(self);
+    async fn shutdown(&self);
 }
 
 /// Async [`Executor`] using `tokio` `1.x`
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ impl Executor for Tokio1Executor {
     ) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
         #[allow(clippy::match_single_binding)]
         let tls_parameters = match tls {
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1-native-tls", feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1-native-tls", feature = "tokio1-rustls"))]
             Tls::Wrapper(tls_parameters) => Some(tls_parameters.clone()),
             _ => None,
         };
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ impl Executor for Tokio1Executor {
         )
         .await?;
 
-        #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1-native-tls", feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1-native-tls", feature = "tokio1-rustls"))]
         match tls {
             Tls::Opportunistic(tls_parameters) => {
                 if conn.can_starttls() {
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ impl Executor for Tokio1Executor {
 #[cfg(all(feature = "smtp-transport", feature = "tokio1"))]
 #[async_trait]
 impl SpawnHandle for tokio1_crate::task::JoinHandle<()> {
-    async fn shutdown(self) {
+    async fn shutdown(&self) {
         self.abort();
     }
 }
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ pub struct AsyncStd1Executor;
 #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
 impl Executor for AsyncStd1Executor {
     #[cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")]
-    type Handle = async_std::task::JoinHandle<()>;
+    type Handle = futures_util::future::AbortHandle;
     #[cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")]
     type Sleep = BoxFuture<'static, ()>;
 
@@ -211,7 +212,9 @@ impl Executor for AsyncStd1Executor {
         F: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
         F::Output: Send + 'static,
     {
-        async_std::task::spawn(fut)
+        let (handle, registration) = futures_util::future::AbortHandle::new_pair();
+        async_std::task::spawn(futures_util::future::Abortable::new(fut, registration));
+        handle
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")]
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ impl Executor for AsyncStd1Executor {
     ) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
         #[allow(clippy::match_single_binding)]
         let tls_parameters = match tls {
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             Tls::Wrapper(tls_parameters) => Some(tls_parameters.clone()),
             _ => None,
         };
@@ -243,7 +246,7 @@ impl Executor for AsyncStd1Executor {
         )
         .await?;
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+        #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
         match tls {
             Tls::Opportunistic(tls_parameters) => {
                 if conn.can_starttls() {
@@ -272,9 +275,9 @@ impl Executor for AsyncStd1Executor {
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "smtp-transport", feature = "async-std1"))]
 #[async_trait]
-impl SpawnHandle for async_std::task::JoinHandle<()> {
+impl SpawnHandle for futures_util::future::AbortHandle {
-    async fn shutdown(self) {
+    async fn shutdown(&self) {
-        self.cancel().await;
+        self.abort();
     }
 }
 
@@ -291,5 +294,5 @@ mod private {
     impl Sealed for tokio1_crate::task::JoinHandle<()> {}
 
     #[cfg(all(feature = "smtp-transport", feature = "async-std1"))]
-    impl Sealed for async_std::task::JoinHandle<()> {}
+    impl Sealed for futures_util::future::AbortHandle {}
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //! * Secure defaults
 //! * Async support
 //!
-//! Lettre requires Rust 1.70 or newer.
+//! Lettre requires Rust 1.74 or newer.
 //!
 //! ## Features
 //!
@@ -34,13 +34,25 @@
 //!
 //! _Secure SMTP connections using TLS from the `native-tls` crate_
 //!
-//! Uses schannel on Windows, Security-Framework on macOS, and OpenSSL on Linux.
+//! Uses schannel on Windows, Security-Framework on macOS, and OpenSSL
+//! on all other platforms.
 //!
 //! * **native-tls** 📫: TLS support for the synchronous version of the API
 //! * **tokio1-native-tls**: TLS support for the `tokio1` async version of the API
 //!
 //! NOTE: native-tls isn't supported with `async-std`
 //!
+//! ##### Building lettre with OpenSSL
+//!
+//! When building lettre with native-tls on a system that makes
+//! use of OpenSSL, the following packages will need to be installed
+//! in order for the build and the compiled program to run properly.
+//!
+//! | Distro       | Build-time packages        | Runtime packages             |
+//! | ------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+//! | Debian       | `pkg-config`, `libssl-dev` | `libssl3`, `ca-certificates` |
+//! | Alpine Linux | `pkgconf`, `openssl-dev`   | `libssl3`, `ca-certificates` |
+//!
 //! #### SMTP over TLS via the boring crate (Boring TLS)
 //!
 //! _Secure SMTP connections using TLS from the `boring-tls` crate_
@@ -52,13 +64,46 @@
 //!
 //! #### SMTP over TLS via the rustls crate
 //!
-//! _Secure SMTP connections using TLS from the `rustls-tls` crate_
+//! _Secure SMTP connections using TLS from the `rustls` crate_
 //!
-//! Rustls uses [ring] as the cryptography implementation. As a result, [not all Rust's targets are supported][ring-support].
+//! * **rustls**: TLS support for the synchronous version of the API
+//! * **tokio1-rustls**: TLS support for the `tokio1` async version of the API
+//! * **async-std1-rustls**: TLS support for the `async-std1` async version of the API
 //!
-//! * **rustls-tls**: TLS support for the synchronous version of the API
+//! ##### rustls crypto backends
-//! * **tokio1-rustls-tls**: TLS support for the `tokio1` async version of the API
+//!
-//! * **async-std1-rustls-tls**: TLS support for the `async-std1` async version of the API
+//! _The crypto implementation to use with rustls_
+//!
+//! When the `rustls` feature is enabled, one of the following crypto backends MUST also
+//! be enabled.
+//!
+//! * **aws-lc-rs**: use [AWS-LC] (via [`aws-lc-rs`]) as the `rustls` crypto backend
+//! * **ring**: use [`ring`] as the `rustls` crypto backend
+//!
+//! When enabling `aws-lc-rs`, the `fips` feature can also be enabled to have
+//! rustls use the FIPS certified module of AWS-LC.
+//!
+//! `aws-lc-rs` may require cmake on some platforms to compile.
+//! `fips` always requires cmake and the Go compiler to compile.
+//!
+//! ##### rustls certificate verification backend
+//!
+//! _The TLS certificate verification backend to use with rustls_
+//!
+//! When the `rustls` feature is enabled, one of the following verification backends
+//! MUST also be enabled.
+//!
+//! * **rustls-native-certs**: verify TLS certificates using the platform's native certificate store (see [`rustls-native-certs`])
+//! * **webpki-roots**: verify TLS certificates against Mozilla's root certificates (see [`webpki-roots`])
+//!
+//! For the `rustls-native-certs` backend to work correctly, the following packages
+//! will need to be installed in order for the build stage and the compiled program
+//! to run properly.
+//!
+//! | Distro       | Build-time packages        | Runtime packages             |
+//! | ------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+//! | Debian       | none                       | `ca-certificates`            |
+//! | Alpine Linux | none                       | `ca-certificates`            |
 //!
 //! ### Sendmail transport
 //!
@@ -95,6 +140,7 @@
 //! * **tracing**: Logging using the `tracing` crate
 //! * **mime03**: Allow creating a [`ContentType`] from an existing [mime 0.3] `Mime` struct
 //! * **dkim**: Add support for signing email with DKIM
+//! * **web**: WebAssembly support using the `web-time` crate for time operations
 //!
 //! [`SMTP`]: crate::transport::smtp
 //! [`sendmail`]: crate::transport::sendmail
@@ -102,18 +148,22 @@
 //! [`ContentType`]: crate::message::header::ContentType
 //! [tokio]: https://docs.rs/tokio/1
 //! [async-std]: https://docs.rs/async-std/1
-//! [ring]: https://github.com/briansmith/ring#ring
+//! [AWS-LC]: https://github.com/aws/aws-lc
-//! [ring-support]: https://github.com/briansmith/ring#online-automated-testing
+//! [`aws-lc-rs`]: https://crates.io/crates/aws-lc-rs
+//! [`ring`]: https://crates.io/crates/ring
+//! [`rustls-native-certs`]: https://crates.io/crates/rustls-native-certs
+//! [`webpki-roots`]: https://crates.io/crates/webpki-roots
 //! [Tokio 1.x]: https://docs.rs/tokio/1
 //! [async-std 1.x]: https://docs.rs/async-std/1
 //! [mime 0.3]: https://docs.rs/mime/0.3
 //! [DKIM]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6376
 
-#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/crate/lettre/0.11.9")]
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/crate/lettre/0.11.15")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://lettre.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/15113230?v=4")]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 #![deny(
+    unreachable_pub,
     missing_copy_implementations,
     trivial_casts,
     trivial_numeric_casts,
@@ -137,12 +187,35 @@
     clippy::wildcard_imports,
     clippy::str_to_string,
     clippy::empty_structs_with_brackets,
-    clippy::zero_sized_map_values
+    clippy::zero_sized_map_values,
+    clippy::manual_let_else,
+    clippy::semicolon_if_nothing_returned,
+    clippy::unnecessary_wraps,
+    clippy::doc_markdown,
+    clippy::explicit_iter_loop,
+    clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls,
+    // Rust 1.86: clippy::unnecessary_semicolon,
 )]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
 
 #[cfg(not(lettre_ignore_tls_mismatch))]
 mod compiletime_checks {
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "rustls", not(feature = "aws-lc-rs"), not(feature = "ring")))]
+    compile_error!(
+        "feature `rustls` also requires either the `aws-lc-rs` or the `ring` feature to
+    be enabled"
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(all(
+        feature = "rustls",
+        not(feature = "rustls-native-certs"),
+        not(feature = "webpki-roots")
+    ))]
+    compile_error!(
+        "feature `rustls` also requires either the `rustls-native-certs` or the `webpki-roots` feature to
+    be enabled"
+    );
+
     #[cfg(all(feature = "native-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     compile_error!("feature \"native-tls\" and feature \"boring-tls\" cannot be enabled at the same time, otherwise
     the executable will fail to link.");
@@ -153,16 +226,12 @@ mod compiletime_checks {
         not(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")
     ))]
     compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `tokio1` and the `native-tls` features, but the `tokio1-native-tls` feature hasn't been turned on.
-    If you were trying to opt into `rustls-tls` and did not activate `native-tls`, disable the default-features of lettre in `Cargo.toml` and manually add the required features.
+    If you were trying to opt into `rustls` and did not activate `native-tls`, disable the default-features of lettre in `Cargo.toml` and manually add the required features.
     Make sure to apply the same to any of your crate dependencies that use the `lettre` crate.");
 
-    #[cfg(all(
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "tokio1", feature = "rustls", not(feature = "tokio1-rustls")))]
-        feature = "tokio1",
+    compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `tokio1` and the `rustls` features, but the `tokio1-rustls` feature hasn't been turned on.
-        feature = "rustls-tls",
+    If you'd like to use `native-tls` make sure that the `rustls` feature hasn't been enabled by mistake.
-        not(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")
-    ))]
-    compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `tokio1` and the `rustls-tls` features, but the `tokio1-rustls-tls` feature hasn't been turned on.
-    If you'd like to use `native-tls` make sure that the `rustls-tls` feature hasn't been enabled by mistake.
     Make sure to apply the same to any of your crate dependencies that use the `lettre` crate.");
 
     #[cfg(all(
@@ -171,22 +240,22 @@ mod compiletime_checks {
         not(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")
     ))]
     compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `tokio1` and the `boring-tls` features, but the `tokio1-boring-tls` feature hasn't been turned on.
-    If you'd like to use `boring-tls` make sure that the `rustls-tls` feature hasn't been enabled by mistake.
+    If you'd like to use `boring-tls` make sure that the `rustls` feature hasn't been enabled by mistake.
     Make sure to apply the same to any of your crate dependencies that use the `lettre` crate.");
 
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "async-std1", feature = "native-tls",))]
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "async-std1", feature = "native-tls"))]
     compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `async-std1` and the `native-tls` features, but the async-std integration doesn't support native-tls yet.
 If you'd like to work on the issue please take a look at https://github.com/lettre/lettre/issues/576.
-If you were trying to opt into `rustls-tls` and did not activate `native-tls`, disable the default-features of lettre in `Cargo.toml` and manually add the required features.
+If you were trying to opt into `rustls` and did not activate `native-tls`, disable the default-features of lettre in `Cargo.toml` and manually add the required features.
 Make sure to apply the same to any of your crate dependencies that use the `lettre` crate.");
 
     #[cfg(all(
         feature = "async-std1",
-        feature = "rustls-tls",
+        feature = "rustls",
-        not(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")
+        not(feature = "async-std1-rustls")
     ))]
-    compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `async-std1` and the `rustls-tls` features, but the `async-std1-rustls-tls` feature hasn't been turned on.
+    compile_error!("Lettre is being built with the `async-std1` and the `rustls` features, but the `async-std1-rustls` feature hasn't been turned on.
-If you'd like to use `native-tls` make sure that the `rustls-tls` hasn't been enabled by mistake.
+If you'd like to use `native-tls` make sure that the `rustls` hasn't been enabled by mistake.
 Make sure to apply the same to any of your crate dependencies that use the `lettre` crate.");
 }
 
@@ -199,6 +268,9 @@ mod executor;
 #[cfg(feature = "builder")]
 #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "builder")))]
 pub mod message;
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
+mod rustls_crypto;
+mod time;
 pub mod transport;
 
 use std::error::Error as StdError;

src/message/dkim.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl Display for DkimSigningAlgorithm {
     }
 }
 
-/// Describe DkimSigning key error
+/// Describe [`DkimSigningKey`] key error
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct DkimSigningKeyError(InnerDkimSigningKeyError);
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl StdError for DkimSigningKeyError {
     }
 }
 
-/// Describe a signing key to be carried by DkimConfig struct
+/// Describe a signing key to be carried by [`DkimConfig`] struct
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct DkimSigningKey(InnerDkimSigningKey);
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ impl DkimConfig {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create a DkimConfig
+    /// Create a [`DkimConfig`]
     pub fn new(
         selector: String,
         domain: String,
@@ -283,19 +283,19 @@ fn dkim_canonicalize_headers_relaxed(headers: &str) -> String {
             // End of header.
             [b'\r', b'\n', ..] => {
                 *out += "\r\n";
-                name(&h[2..], out)
+                name(&h[2..], out);
             }
             // Sequential whitespace.
             [b' ' | b'\t', b' ' | b'\t' | b'\r', ..] => value(&h[1..], out),
             // All whitespace becomes spaces.
             [b'\t', ..] => {
                 out.push(' ');
-                value(&h[1..], out)
+                value(&h[1..], out);
             }
             [_, ..] => {
                 let mut chars = h.chars();
                 out.push(chars.next().unwrap());
-                value(chars.as_str(), out)
+                value(chars.as_str(), out);
             }
             [] => {}
         }
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ fn dkim_canonicalize_header_tag(
     }
 }
 
-/// Canonicalize signed headers passed as headers_list among mail_headers using canonicalization
+/// Canonicalize signed headers passed as `headers_list` among `mail_headers` using canonicalization
 fn dkim_canonicalize_headers<'a>(
     headers_list: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>,
     mail_headers: &Headers,
@@ -344,10 +344,9 @@ fn dkim_canonicalize_headers<'a>(
 }
 
 /// Sign with Dkim a message by adding Dkim-Signature header created with configuration expressed by
-/// dkim_config
+/// `dkim_config`
-
 pub fn dkim_sign(message: &mut Message, dkim_config: &DkimConfig) {
-    dkim_sign_fixed_time(message, dkim_config, SystemTime::now())
+    dkim_sign_fixed_time(message, dkim_config, crate::time::now());
 }
 
 fn dkim_sign_fixed_time(message: &mut Message, dkim_config: &DkimConfig, timestamp: SystemTime) {
@@ -378,7 +377,7 @@ fn dkim_sign_fixed_time(message: &mut Message, dkim_config: &DkimConfig, timesta
     }
     let dkim_header = dkim_header_format(dkim_config, timestamp, &signed_headers_list, &bh, "");
     let signed_headers = dkim_canonicalize_headers(
-        dkim_config.headers.iter().map(|h| h.as_ref()),
+        dkim_config.headers.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref),
         headers,
         dkim_config.canonicalization.header,
     );
@@ -488,14 +487,14 @@ cJ5Ku0OTwRtSMaseRPX+T4EfG1Caa/eunPPN4rh+CSup2BVVarOT
     fn test_headers_simple_canonicalize() {
         let message = test_message();
         dbg!(message.headers.to_string());
-        assert_eq!(dkim_canonicalize_headers(["From", "Test"], &message.headers, DkimCanonicalizationType::Simple), "From: =?utf-8?b?VGVzdCBPJ0xlYXJ5?= <test+ezrz@example.net>\r\nTest: test  test very very long with spaces and extra spaces   \twill be\r\n folded to several lines \r\n")
+        assert_eq!(dkim_canonicalize_headers(["From", "Test"], &message.headers, DkimCanonicalizationType::Simple), "From: =?utf-8?b?VGVzdCBPJ0xlYXJ5?= <test+ezrz@example.net>\r\nTest: test  test very very long with spaces and extra spaces   \twill be\r\n folded to several lines \r\n");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_headers_relaxed_canonicalize() {
         let message = test_message();
         dbg!(message.headers.to_string());
-        assert_eq!(dkim_canonicalize_headers(["From", "Test"], &message.headers, DkimCanonicalizationType::Relaxed),"from:=?utf-8?b?VGVzdCBPJ0xlYXJ5?= <test+ezrz@example.net>\r\ntest:test test very very long with spaces and extra spaces will be folded to several lines\r\n")
+        assert_eq!(dkim_canonicalize_headers(["From", "Test"], &message.headers, DkimCanonicalizationType::Relaxed),"from:=?utf-8?b?VGVzdCBPJ0xlYXJ5?= <test+ezrz@example.net>\r\ntest:test test very very long with spaces and extra spaces will be folded to several lines\r\n");
     }
 
     #[test]

src/message/header/content_type.rs

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ mod serde {
         {
             struct ContentTypeVisitor;
 
-            impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for ContentTypeVisitor {
+            impl Visitor<'_> for ContentTypeVisitor {
                 type Value = ContentType;
 
                 // The error message which states what the Visitor expects to

src/message/header/date.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ impl Date {
     ///
     /// Shortcut for `Date::new(SystemTime::now())`
     pub fn now() -> Self {
-        Self::new(SystemTime::now())
+        Self::new(crate::time::now())
     }
 }
 

src/message/header/mailbox.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ mailbox_header! {
 
     `Sender` header
 
-    This header contains [`Mailbox`][self::Mailbox] associated with sender.
+    This header contains [`Mailbox`] associated with sender.
 
     ```no_test
     header::Sender("Mr. Sender <sender@example.com>".parse().unwrap())
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ mailboxes_header! {
 
     `From` header
 
-    This header contains [`Mailboxes`][self::Mailboxes].
+    This header contains [`Mailboxes`].
 
      */
     (From, "From")
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ mailboxes_header! {
 
     `Reply-To` header
 
-    This header contains [`Mailboxes`][self::Mailboxes].
+    This header contains [`Mailboxes`].
 
      */
     (ReplyTo, "Reply-To")
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ mailboxes_header! {
 
     `To` header
 
-    This header contains [`Mailboxes`][self::Mailboxes].
+    This header contains [`Mailboxes`].
 
      */
     (To, "To")
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ mailboxes_header! {
 
     `Cc` header
 
-    This header contains [`Mailboxes`][self::Mailboxes].
+    This header contains [`Mailboxes`].
 
      */
     (Cc, "Cc")
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ mailboxes_header! {
 
     `Bcc` header
 
-    This header contains [`Mailboxes`][self::Mailboxes].
+    This header contains [`Mailboxes`].
 
      */
     (Bcc, "Bcc")

src/message/header/mod.rs

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn empty_headername() {
-        assert!(HeaderName::new_from_ascii(String::from("")).is_err());
+        assert!(HeaderName::new_from_ascii("".to_owned()).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]

src/message/mailbox/parsers/rfc2822.rs

@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ fn quoted_pair() -> impl Parser<char, char, Error = Cheap<char>> {
 
 // FWS             =       ([*WSP CRLF] 1*WSP) /   ; Folding white space
 //                         obs-FWS
-pub fn fws() -> impl Parser<char, Option<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn fws() -> impl Parser<char, Option<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     rfc2234::wsp()
         .or_not()
         .then_ignore(rfc2234::wsp().ignored().repeated())
 }
 
 // CFWS            =       *([FWS] comment) (([FWS] comment) / FWS)
-pub fn cfws() -> impl Parser<char, Option<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn cfws() -> impl Parser<char, Option<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     // TODO: comment are not currently supported, so for now a cfws is
     // the same as a fws.
     fws()
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ pub(super) fn atom() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
 }
 
 // dot-atom        =       [CFWS] dot-atom-text [CFWS]
-pub fn dot_atom() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn dot_atom() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     cfws().chain(dot_atom_text())
 }
 
 // dot-atom-text   =       1*atext *("." 1*atext)
-pub fn dot_atom_text() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn dot_atom_text() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     atext().repeated().at_least(1).chain(
         just('.')
             .chain(atext().repeated().at_least(1))
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mailbox_list(
 // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822#section-3.4.1
 
 // addr-spec       =       local-part "@" domain
-pub fn addr_spec() -> impl Parser<char, (String, String), Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn addr_spec() -> impl Parser<char, (String, String), Error = Cheap<char>> {
     local_part()
         .collect()
         .then_ignore(just('@'))
@@ -212,12 +212,12 @@ pub fn addr_spec() -> impl Parser<char, (String, String), Error = Cheap<char>> {
 }
 
 // local-part      =       dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part
-pub fn local_part() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn local_part() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     choice((dot_atom(), quoted_string(), obs_local_part()))
 }
 
 // domain          =       dot-atom / domain-literal / obs-domain
-pub fn domain() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn domain() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     // NOTE: omitting domain-literal since it may never be used
     choice((dot_atom(), obs_domain()))
 }
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ fn obs_phrase() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
 // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2822#section-4.4
 
 // obs-local-part  =       word *("." word)
-pub fn obs_local_part() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn obs_local_part() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     word().chain(just('.').chain(word()).repeated().flatten())
 }
 
 // obs-domain      =       atom *("." atom)
-pub fn obs_domain() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
+pub(super) fn obs_domain() -> impl Parser<char, Vec<char>, Error = Cheap<char>> {
     atom().chain(just('.').chain(atom()).repeated().flatten())
 }

src/message/mailbox/serde.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Mailbox {
             {
                 struct FieldVisitor;
 
-                impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for FieldVisitor {
+                impl Visitor<'_> for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
                     fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> FmtResult {

src/message/mailbox/types.rs

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl Mailboxes {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Adds a new [`Mailbox`] to the list, in a Vec::push style pattern.
+    /// Adds a new [`Mailbox`] to the list, in a `Vec::push` style pattern.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ impl FromStr for Mailboxes {
         })?;
 
         for (name, (user, domain)) in parsed_mailboxes {
-            mailboxes.push(Mailbox::new(name, Address::new(user, domain)?))
+            mailboxes.push(Mailbox::new(name, Address::new(user, domain)?));
         }
 
         Ok(Mailboxes(mailboxes))
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(
             format!(
                 "{}",
-                Mailbox::new(Some("".into()), "kayo@example.com".parse().unwrap())
+                Mailbox::new(Some("".to_owned()), "kayo@example.com".parse().unwrap())
             ),
             "kayo@example.com"
         );

src/message/mod.rs

@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl MessageBuilder {
     /// Shortcut for `self.date(SystemTime::now())`, it is automatically inserted
     /// if no date has been provided.
     pub fn date_now(self) -> Self {
-        self.date(SystemTime::now())
+        self.date(crate::time::now())
     }
 
     /// Set or add mailbox to `ReplyTo` header
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ impl MessageBuilder {
                 let hostname = hostname::get()
                     .map_err(|_| ())
                     .and_then(|s| s.into_string().map_err(|_| ()))
-                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| DEFAULT_MESSAGE_ID_DOMAIN.to_owned());
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|()| DEFAULT_MESSAGE_ID_DOMAIN.to_owned());
                 #[cfg(not(feature = "hostname"))]
                 let hostname = DEFAULT_MESSAGE_ID_DOMAIN.to_owned();
 
@@ -457,12 +457,12 @@ impl MessageBuilder {
         self.build(MessageBody::Raw(body.into_vec()))
     }
 
-    /// Create message using mime body ([`MultiPart`][self::MultiPart])
+    /// Create message using mime body ([`MultiPart`])
     pub fn multipart(self, part: MultiPart) -> Result<Message, EmailError> {
         self.mime_1_0().build(MessageBody::Mime(Part::Multi(part)))
     }
 
-    /// Create message using mime body ([`SinglePart`][self::SinglePart])
+    /// Create message using mime body ([`SinglePart`])
     pub fn singlepart(self, part: SinglePart) -> Result<Message, EmailError> {
         self.mime_1_0().build(MessageBody::Mime(Part::Single(part)))
     }
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ impl Message {
         match &self.body {
             MessageBody::Mime(p) => p.format_body(&mut out),
             MessageBody::Raw(r) => out.extend_from_slice(r),
-        };
+        }
         out.extend_from_slice(b"\r\n");
         out
     }
@@ -537,7 +537,10 @@ impl Message {
     /// Example:
     /// ```rust
     /// use lettre::{
-    ///     message::dkim::{DkimConfig, DkimSigningAlgorithm, DkimSigningKey},
+    ///     message::{
+    ///         dkim::{DkimConfig, DkimSigningAlgorithm, DkimSigningKey},
+    ///         header::ContentType,
+    ///     },
     ///     Message,
     /// };
     ///
@@ -546,6 +549,7 @@ impl Message {
     ///     .reply_to("Bob <bob@example.org>".parse().unwrap())
     ///     .to("Carla <carla@example.net>".parse().unwrap())
     ///     .subject("Hello")
+    ///     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
     ///     .body("Hi there, it's a test email, with utf-8 chars ë!\n\n\n".to_owned())
     ///     .unwrap();
     /// let key = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
@@ -601,7 +605,7 @@ impl EmailFormat for Message {
             MessageBody::Mime(p) => p.format(out),
             MessageBody::Raw(r) => {
                 out.extend_from_slice(b"\r\n");
-                out.extend_from_slice(r)
+                out.extend_from_slice(r);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -765,7 +769,7 @@ mod test {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            assert_eq!(line.0, line.1)
+            assert_eq!(line.0, line.1);
         }
     }
 

src/rustls_crypto.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider;
+
+pub(crate) fn crypto_provider() -> Arc<CryptoProvider> {
+    CryptoProvider::get_default().cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        #[cfg(feature = "aws-lc-rs")]
+        let provider = rustls::crypto::aws_lc_rs::default_provider();
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "aws-lc-rs"))]
+        let provider = rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider();
+
+        Arc::new(provider)
+    })
+}

src/time.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "web")]
+pub(crate) fn now() -> SystemTime {
+    fn to_std_systemtime(time: web_time::SystemTime) -> std::time::SystemTime {
+        let duration = time
+            .duration_since(web_time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap();
+        SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + duration
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: change to:
+    // #[allow(
+    //     clippy::disallowed_methods,
+    //     reason = "`web-time` aliases `std::time::SystemTime::now` on non-WASM platforms"
+    // )]
+    #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+    to_std_systemtime(web_time::SystemTime::now())
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "web"))]
+pub(crate) fn now() -> SystemTime {
+    // FIXME: change to #[expect(clippy::disallowed_methods, reason = "the `web` feature is disabled")]
+    #[allow(clippy::disallowed_methods)]
+    SystemTime::now()
+}

src/transport/file/error.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
             Kind::Io => f.write_str("response error")?,
             #[cfg(feature = "file-transport-envelope")]
             Kind::Envelope => f.write_str("internal client error")?,
-        };
+        }
 
         if let Some(e) = &self.inner.source {
             write!(f, ": {e}")?;

src/transport/file/mod.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 //! # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 //! use std::env::temp_dir;
 //!
-//! use lettre::{FileTransport, Message, Transport};
+//! use lettre::{message::header::ContentType, FileTransport, Message, Transport};
 //!
 //! // Write to the local temp directory
 //! let sender = FileTransport::new(temp_dir());
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //!
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 //! # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 //! use std::env::temp_dir;
 //!
-//! use lettre::{FileTransport, Message, Transport};
+//! use lettre::{message::header::ContentType, FileTransport, Message, Transport};
 //!
 //! // Write to the local temp directory
 //! let sender = FileTransport::with_envelope(temp_dir());
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //!
@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@
 //! # async fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 //! use std::env::temp_dir;
 //!
-//! use lettre::{AsyncFileTransport, AsyncTransport, Message, Tokio1Executor};
+//! use lettre::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType, AsyncFileTransport, AsyncTransport, Message, Tokio1Executor,
+//! };
 //!
 //! // Write to the local temp directory
 //! let sender = AsyncFileTransport::<Tokio1Executor>::new(temp_dir());
@@ -82,10 +84,10 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
-//! let result = sender.send(email).await;
+//! sender.send(email).await?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //! ```
@@ -99,7 +101,10 @@
 //! # async fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 //! use std::env::temp_dir;
 //!
-//! use lettre::{AsyncFileTransport, AsyncStd1Executor, AsyncTransport, Message};
+//! use lettre::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType, AsyncFileTransport, AsyncStd1Executor, AsyncTransport,
+//!     Message,
+//! };
 //!
 //! // Write to the local temp directory
 //! let sender = AsyncFileTransport::<AsyncStd1Executor>::new(temp_dir());
@@ -108,10 +113,10 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
-//! let result = sender.send(email).await;
+//! sender.send(email).await?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //! ```
@@ -125,6 +130,7 @@
 //! Reply-To: Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>
 //! To: Hei <hei@domain.tld>
 //! Subject: Happy new year
+//! Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
 //! Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2020 22:50:17 GMT
 //!
 //! Be happy!

src/transport/mod.rs

@@ -56,13 +56,17 @@
 //! #
 //! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", feature = "smtp-transport"))]
 //! # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-//! use lettre::{transport::smtp::authentication::Credentials, Message, SmtpTransport, Transport};
+//! use lettre::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType, transport::smtp::authentication::Credentials, Message,
+//!     SmtpTransport, Transport,
+//! };
 //!
 //! let email = Message::builder()
 //!     .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
 //! let creds = Credentials::new("smtp_username".to_owned(), "smtp_password".to_owned());
@@ -136,6 +140,10 @@ pub trait Transport {
     }
 
     fn send_raw(&self, envelope: &Envelope, email: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Shuts down the transport. Future calls to [`Self::send`] and
+    /// [`Self::send_raw`] might fail.
+    fn shutdown(&self) {}
 }
 
 /// Async Transport method for emails
@@ -162,4 +170,8 @@ pub trait AsyncTransport {
     }
 
     async fn send_raw(&self, envelope: &Envelope, email: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Shuts down the transport. Future calls to [`Self::send`] and
+    /// [`Self::send_raw`] might fail.
+    async fn shutdown(&self) {}
 }

src/transport/sendmail/error.rs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
         match self.inner.kind {
             Kind::Response => f.write_str("response error")?,
             Kind::Client => f.write_str("internal client error")?,
-        };
+        }
 
         if let Some(e) = &self.inner.source {
             write!(f, ": {e}")?;

src/transport/sendmail/mod.rs

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
 //! #
 //! # #[cfg(all(feature = "sendmail-transport", feature = "builder"))]
 //! # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-//! use lettre::{Message, SendmailTransport, Transport};
+//! use lettre::{message::header::ContentType, Message, SendmailTransport, Transport};
 //!
 //! let email = Message::builder()
 //!     .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
 //! let sender = SendmailTransport::new();
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //!
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 //! # #[cfg(all(feature = "tokio1", feature = "sendmail-transport", feature = "builder"))]
 //! # async fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 //! use lettre::{
-//!     AsyncSendmailTransport, AsyncTransport, Message, SendmailTransport, Tokio1Executor,
+//!     message::header::ContentType, AsyncSendmailTransport, AsyncTransport, Message,
+//!     SendmailTransport, Tokio1Executor,
 //! };
 //!
 //! let email = Message::builder()
@@ -42,11 +43,11 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
 //! let sender = AsyncSendmailTransport::<Tokio1Executor>::new();
-//! let result = sender.send(email).await;
+//! sender.send(email).await?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //! ```
@@ -58,18 +59,17 @@
 //! #
 //! # #[cfg(all(feature = "async-std1", feature = "sendmail-transport", feature = "builder"))]
 //! # async fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-//! use lettre::{Message, AsyncTransport, AsyncStd1Executor, AsyncSendmailTransport};
+//! use lettre::{Message, AsyncTransport, AsyncStd1Executor,message::header::ContentType, AsyncSendmailTransport};
 //!
 //! let email = Message::builder()
 //!     .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
-//!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .subject("Happy new year").header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
 //! let sender = AsyncSendmailTransport::<AsyncStd1Executor>::new();
-//! let result = sender.send(email).await;
+//! sender.send(email).await?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //! ```
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ impl SendmailTransport {
     /// Creates a new transport with the `sendmail` command
     ///
     /// Note: This uses the `sendmail` command in the current `PATH`. To use another command,
-    /// use [SendmailTransport::new_with_command].
+    /// use [`SendmailTransport::new_with_command`].
     pub fn new() -> SendmailTransport {
         SendmailTransport {
             command: DEFAULT_SENDMAIL.into(),
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ where
     /// Creates a new transport with the `sendmail` command
     ///
     /// Note: This uses the `sendmail` command in the current `PATH`. To use another command,
-    /// use [AsyncSendmailTransport::new_with_command].
+    /// use [`AsyncSendmailTransport::new_with_command`].
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             inner: SendmailTransport::new(),

src/transport/smtp/async_transport.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@ use async_trait::async_trait;
 use super::pool::async_impl::Pool;
 #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
 use super::PoolConfig;
+#[cfg(any(
+    feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
+    feature = "tokio1-rustls",
+    feature = "async-std1-rustls"
+))]
+use super::Tls;
 use super::{
     client::AsyncSmtpConnection, ClientId, Credentials, Error, Mechanism, Response, SmtpInfo,
 };
@@ -24,6 +30,30 @@ use crate::Tokio1Executor;
 use crate::{Envelope, Executor};
 
 /// Asynchronously sends emails using the SMTP protocol
+///
+/// `AsyncSmtpTransport` is the primary way for communicating
+/// with SMTP relay servers to send email messages. It holds the
+/// client connect configuration and creates new connections
+/// as necessary.
+///
+/// # Connection pool
+///
+/// When the `pool` feature is enabled (default), `AsyncSmtpTransport` maintains a
+/// connection pool to manage SMTP connections. The pool:
+///
+/// - Establishes a new connection when sending a message.
+/// - Recycles connections internally after a message is sent.
+/// - Reuses connections for subsequent messages, reducing connection setup overhead.
+///
+/// The connection pool can grow to hold multiple SMTP connections if multiple
+/// emails are sent concurrently, as SMTP does not support multiplexing within a
+/// single connection.
+///
+/// However, **connection reuse is not possible** if the `SyncSmtpTransport` instance
+/// is dropped after every email send operation. You must reuse the instance
+/// of this struct for the connection pool to be of any use.
+///
+/// To customize connection pool settings, use [`AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder::pool_config`].
 #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))))]
 pub struct AsyncSmtpTransport<E: Executor> {
     #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
@@ -45,10 +75,15 @@ impl AsyncTransport for AsyncSmtpTransport<Tokio1Executor> {
         let result = conn.send(envelope, email).await?;
 
         #[cfg(not(feature = "pool"))]
-        conn.quit().await?;
+        conn.abort().await;
 
         Ok(result)
     }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&self) {
+        #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
+        self.inner.shutdown().await;
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
@@ -67,6 +102,11 @@ impl AsyncTransport for AsyncSmtpTransport<AsyncStd1Executor> {
 
         Ok(result)
     }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&self) {
+        #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
+        self.inner.shutdown().await;
+    }
 }
 
 impl<E> AsyncSmtpTransport<E>
@@ -81,15 +121,15 @@ where
     /// to validate TLS certificates.
     #[cfg(any(
         feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-        feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+        feature = "tokio1-rustls",
-        feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+        feature = "async-std1-rustls"
     ))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
         doc(cfg(any(
             feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-            feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+            feature = "tokio1-rustls",
-            feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+            feature = "async-std1-rustls"
         )))
     )]
     pub fn relay(relay: &str) -> Result<AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
@@ -115,15 +155,15 @@ where
     /// or emails will be sent to the server, protecting from downgrade attacks.
     #[cfg(any(
         feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-        feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+        feature = "tokio1-rustls",
-        feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+        feature = "async-std1-rustls"
     ))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
         doc(cfg(any(
             feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-            feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+            feature = "tokio1-rustls",
-            feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+            feature = "async-std1-rustls"
         )))
     )]
     pub fn starttls_relay(relay: &str) -> Result<AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
@@ -161,54 +201,72 @@ where
 
     /// Creates a `AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder` from a connection URL
     ///
-    /// The protocol, credentials, host and port can be provided in a single URL.
+    /// The protocol, credentials, host, port and EHLO name can be provided
-    /// Use the scheme `smtp` for an unencrypted relay (optionally in combination with the
+    /// in a single URL. This may be simpler than having to configure SMTP
-    /// `tls` parameter to allow/require STARTTLS) or `smtps` for SMTP over TLS.
+    /// through multiple configuration parameters and then having to pass
-    /// The path section of the url can be used to set an alternative name for
+    /// those options to lettre.
-    /// the HELO / EHLO command.
-    /// For example `smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com/client.example.com:465`
-    /// will set the HELO / EHLO name `client.example.com`.
     ///
-    /// <table>
+    /// The URL is created in the following way:
-    ///   <thead>
+    /// `scheme://user:pass@hostname:port/ehlo-name?tls=TLS`.
-    ///     <tr>
+    ///
-    ///       <th>scheme</th>
+    /// `user` (Username) and `pass` (Password) are optional in case the
-    ///       <th>tls parameter</th>
+    /// SMTP relay doesn't require authentication. When `port` is not
-    ///       <th>example</th>
+    /// configured it is automatically determined based on the `scheme`.
-    ///       <th>remarks</th>
+    /// `ehlo-name` optionally overwrites the hostname sent for the EHLO
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// command. `TLS` controls whether STARTTLS is simply enabled
-    ///   </thead>
+    /// (`opportunistic` - not enough to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks)
-    ///   <tbody>
+    /// or `required` (require the server to upgrade the connection to
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// STARTTLS, otherwise fail on suspicion of main-in-the-middle attempt).
-    ///      <td>smtps</td>
+    ///
-    ///      <td>-</td>
+    /// Use the following table to construct your SMTP url:
-    ///      <td>smtps://smtp.example.com</td>
+    ///
-    ///      <td>SMTP over TLS, recommended method</td>
+    /// | scheme  | `tls` query parameter | example                                            | default port | remarks                                                                                                                               |
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// | ------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// | `smtps` | unset                 | `smtps://user:pass@hostname:port`                  | 465          | SMTP over TLS, recommended method                                                                                                     |
-    ///      <td>smtp</td>
+    /// | `smtp`  | `required`            | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port?tls=required`      | 587          | SMTP with STARTTLS required, when SMTP over TLS is not available                                                                      |
-    ///      <td>required</td>
+    /// | `smtp`  | `opportunistic`       | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port?tls=opportunistic` | 587          | SMTP with optionally STARTTLS when supported by the server. Not suitable for production use: vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack |
-    ///      <td>smtp://smtp.example.com?tls=required</td>
+    /// | `smtp`  | unset                 | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port`                   | 587          | Always unencrypted SMTP. Not suitable for production use: sends all data unencrypted                                                  |
-    ///      <td>SMTP with STARTTLS required, when SMTP over TLS is not available</td>
+    ///
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// IMPORTANT: some parameters like `user` and `pass` cannot simply
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// be concatenated to construct the final URL because special characters
-    ///      <td>smtp</td>
+    /// contained within the parameter may confuse the URL decoder.
-    ///      <td>opportunistic</td>
+    /// Manually URL encode the parameters before concatenating them or use
-    ///      <td>smtp://smtp.example.com?tls=opportunistic</td>
+    /// a proper URL encoder, like the following cargo script:
-    ///      <td>
+    ///
-    ///         SMTP with optionally STARTTLS when supported by the server.
+    /// ```rust
-    ///         Caution: this method is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack.
+    /// # let _ = r#"
-    ///         Not recommended for production use.
+    /// #!/usr/bin/env cargo
-    ///       </td>
+    ///
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// //! ```cargo
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// //! [dependencies]
-    ///      <td>smtp</td>
+    /// //! url = "2"
-    ///      <td>-</td>
+    /// //! ```
-    ///      <td>smtp://smtp.example.com</td>
+    /// # "#;
-    ///      <td>Unencrypted SMTP, not recommended for production use.</td>
+    ///
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// use url::Url;
-    ///   </tbody>
+    ///
-    /// </table>
+    /// fn main() {
+    ///     // don't touch this line
+    ///     let mut url = Url::parse("foo://bar").unwrap();
+    ///
+    ///     // configure the scheme (`smtp` or `smtps`) here.
+    ///     url.set_scheme("smtps").unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the username and password.
+    ///     // remove the following two lines if unauthenticated.
+    ///     url.set_username("username").unwrap();
+    ///     url.set_password(Some("password")).unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the hostname
+    ///     url.set_host(Some("smtp.example.com")).unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the port - only necessary if using a non-default port
+    ///     url.set_port(Some(465)).unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the EHLO name
+    ///     url.set_path("ehlo-name");
+    ///
+    ///     println!("{url}");
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The connection URL can then be used in the following way:
     ///
     /// ```rust,no_run
     /// use lettre::{
@@ -232,22 +290,18 @@ where
     /// let mailer: AsyncSmtpTransport<Tokio1Executor> =
     ///     AsyncSmtpTransport::<Tokio1Executor>::from_url(
     ///         "smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com:465",
-    ///     )
+    ///     )?
-    ///     .unwrap()
     ///     .build();
     ///
     /// // Send the email
-    /// match mailer.send(email).await {
+    /// mailer.send(email).await?;
-    ///     Ok(_) => println!("Email sent successfully!"),
-    ///     Err(e) => panic!("Could not send email: {e:?}"),
-    /// }
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn from_url(connection_url: &str) -> Result<AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
         super::connection_url::from_connection_url(connection_url)
@@ -323,7 +377,7 @@ impl AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set the authentication mechanism to use
+    /// Set the authentication credentials to use
     pub fn credentials(mut self, credentials: Credentials) -> Self {
         self.info.credentials = Some(credentials);
         self
@@ -336,6 +390,17 @@ impl AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
     }
 
     /// Set the port to use
+    ///
+    /// # ⚠️⚠️⚠️ You probably don't need to call this method ⚠️⚠️⚠️
+    ///
+    /// lettre usually picks the correct `port` when building
+    /// [`AsyncSmtpTransport`] using [`AsyncSmtpTransport::relay`] or
+    /// [`AsyncSmtpTransport::starttls_relay`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Using the incorrect `port` and [`Self::tls`] combination may
+    /// lead to hard to debug IO errors coming from the TLS library.
     pub fn port(mut self, port: u16) -> Self {
         self.info.port = port;
         self
@@ -348,20 +413,31 @@ impl AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
     }
 
     /// Set the TLS settings to use
+    ///
+    /// # ⚠️⚠️⚠️ You probably don't need to call this method ⚠️⚠️⚠️
+    ///
+    /// By default lettre chooses the correct `tls` configuration when
+    /// building [`AsyncSmtpTransport`] using [`AsyncSmtpTransport::relay`] or
+    /// [`AsyncSmtpTransport::starttls_relay`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Using the incorrect [`Tls`] and [`Self::port`] combination may
+    /// lead to hard to debug IO errors coming from the TLS library.
     #[cfg(any(
         feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-        feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+        feature = "tokio1-rustls",
-        feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+        feature = "async-std1-rustls"
     ))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
         doc(cfg(any(
             feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-            feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+            feature = "tokio1-rustls",
-            feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+            feature = "async-std1-rustls"
         )))
     )]
-    pub fn tls(mut self, tls: super::Tls) -> Self {
+    pub fn tls(mut self, tls: Tls) -> Self {
         self.info.tls = tls;
         self
     }
@@ -394,7 +470,7 @@ impl AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
 }
 
 /// Build client
-pub struct AsyncSmtpClient<E> {
+pub(super) struct AsyncSmtpClient<E> {
     info: SmtpInfo,
     marker_: PhantomData<E>,
 }
@@ -406,7 +482,7 @@ where
     /// Creates a new connection directly usable to send emails
     ///
     /// Handles encryption and authentication
-    pub async fn connection(&self) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
+    pub(super) async fn connection(&self) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
         let mut conn = E::connect(
             &self.info.server,
             self.info.port,

src/transport/smtp/authentication.rs

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ pub struct Credentials {
 
 impl Credentials {
     /// Create a `Credentials` struct from username and password
+    ///
+    /// When using [`Mechanism::Xoauth2`], `password` is the raw
+    /// bearer access token.
     pub fn new(username: String, password: String) -> Credentials {
         Credentials {
             authentication_identity: username,
@@ -98,13 +101,17 @@ impl Mechanism {
                 let decoded_challenge = challenge
                     .ok_or_else(|| error::client("This mechanism does expect a challenge"))?;
 
-                if ["User Name", "Username:", "Username", "User Name\0"]
+                if contains_ignore_ascii_case(
-                    .contains(&decoded_challenge)
+                    decoded_challenge,
-                {
+                    ["User Name", "Username:", "Username", "User Name\0"],
+                ) {
                     return Ok(credentials.authentication_identity.clone());
                 }
 
-                if ["Password", "Password:", "Password\0"].contains(&decoded_challenge) {
+                if contains_ignore_ascii_case(
+                    decoded_challenge,
+                    ["Password", "Password:", "Password\0"],
+                ) {
                     return Ok(credentials.secret.clone());
                 }
 
@@ -121,6 +128,15 @@ impl Mechanism {
     }
 }
 
+fn contains_ignore_ascii_case<'a>(
+    haystack: &str,
+    needles: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a str>,
+) -> bool {
+    needles
+        .into_iter()
+        .any(|item| item.eq_ignore_ascii_case(haystack))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::{Credentials, Mechanism};
@@ -155,6 +171,23 @@ mod test {
         assert!(mechanism.response(&credentials, None).is_err());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_login_case_insensitive() {
+        let mechanism = Mechanism::Login;
+
+        let credentials = Credentials::new("alice".to_owned(), "wonderland".to_owned());
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            mechanism.response(&credentials, Some("username")).unwrap(),
+            "alice"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            mechanism.response(&credentials, Some("password")).unwrap(),
+            "wonderland"
+        );
+        assert!(mechanism.response(&credentials, None).is_err());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_xoauth2() {
         let mechanism = Mechanism::Xoauth2;

src/transport/smtp/client/async_connection.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ use futures_util::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader};
 use super::async_net::AsyncTokioStream;
 #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
 use super::escape_crlf;
-use super::{AsyncNetworkStream, ClientCodec, TlsParameters};
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+use super::{async_net::AsyncNetworkStream, ClientCodec, TlsParameters};
 use crate::{
     transport::smtp::{
         authentication::{Credentials, Mechanism},
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ macro_rules! try_smtp (
 pub struct AsyncSmtpConnection {
     /// TCP stream between client and server
     /// Value is None before connection
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
     stream: BufReader<AsyncNetworkStream>,
     /// Panic state
     panic: bool,
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ impl AsyncSmtpConnection {
         stream: Box<dyn AsyncTokioStream>,
         hello_name: &ClientId,
     ) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
         let stream = AsyncNetworkStream::use_existing_tokio1(stream);
         Self::connect_impl(stream, hello_name).await
     }
@@ -86,8 +89,7 @@ impl AsyncSmtpConnection {
     ///     Some(TlsParameters::new("example.com".to_owned())?),
     ///     None,
     /// )
-    /// .await
+    /// .await?;
-    /// .unwrap();
     /// # Ok(())
     /// # }
     /// ```
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ impl AsyncSmtpConnection {
         tls_parameters: Option<TlsParameters>,
         local_address: Option<IpAddr>,
     ) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
         let stream =
             AsyncNetworkStream::connect_tokio1(server, timeout, tls_parameters, local_address)
                 .await?;
@@ -115,10 +118,12 @@ impl AsyncSmtpConnection {
         hello_name: &ClientId,
         tls_parameters: Option<TlsParameters>,
     ) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
+        #[allow(deprecated)]
         let stream = AsyncNetworkStream::connect_asyncstd1(server, timeout, tls_parameters).await?;
         Self::connect_impl(stream, hello_name).await
     }
 
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
     async fn connect_impl(
         stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
         hello_name: &ClientId,
@@ -246,6 +251,7 @@ impl AsyncSmtpConnection {
     }
 
     /// Sets the underlying stream
+    #[allow(deprecated)]
     pub fn set_stream(&mut self, stream: AsyncNetworkStream) {
         self.stream = BufReader::new(stream);
     }
@@ -369,13 +375,29 @@ impl AsyncSmtpConnection {
     }
 
     /// The X509 certificate of the server (DER encoded)
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn peer_certificate(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         self.stream.get_ref().peer_certificate()
     }
 
+    /// Currently this is only avaialable when using Boring TLS and
+    /// returns the result of the verification of the TLS certificate
+    /// presented by the peer, if any. Only the last error encountered
+    /// during verification is presented.
+    /// It can be useful when you don't want to fail outright the TLS
+    /// negotiation, for example when a self-signed certificate is
+    /// encountered, but still want to record metrics or log the fact.
+    /// When using DANE verification, the PKI root of trust moves from
+    /// the CAs to DNS, so self-signed certificates are permitted as long
+    /// as the TLSA records match the leaf or issuer certificates.
+    /// It cannot be called on non Boring TLS streams.
+    #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
+    pub fn tls_verify_result(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.stream.get_ref().tls_verify_result()
+    }
+
     /// All the X509 certificates of the chain (DER encoded)
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn certificate_chain(&self) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
         self.stream.get_ref().certificate_chain()
     }

src/transport/smtp/client/async_net.rs

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ use futures_io::{
     AsyncRead as FuturesAsyncRead, AsyncWrite as FuturesAsyncWrite, Error as IoError, ErrorKind,
     Result as IoResult,
 };
-#[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
 use futures_rustls::client::TlsStream as AsyncStd1RustlsTlsStream;
-#[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls", feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1-rustls", feature = "async-std1-rustls"))]
 use rustls::pki_types::ServerName;
 #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
 use tokio1_boring::SslStream as Tokio1SslStream;
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ use tokio1_crate::net::{
 };
 #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
 use tokio1_native_tls_crate::TlsStream as Tokio1TlsStream;
-#[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
 use tokio1_rustls::client::TlsStream as Tokio1RustlsTlsStream;
 
 #[cfg(any(
     feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-    feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+    feature = "tokio1-rustls",
     feature = "tokio1-boring-tls",
-    feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"
+    feature = "async-std1-rustls"
 ))]
 use super::InnerTlsParameters;
 use super::TlsParameters;
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ use crate::transport::smtp::{error, Error};
 
 /// A network stream
 #[derive(Debug)]
+#[deprecated(
+    since = "0.11.14",
+    note = "This struct was not meant to be made public"
+)]
 pub struct AsyncNetworkStream {
     inner: InnerAsyncNetworkStream,
 }
@@ -74,7 +78,7 @@ enum InnerAsyncNetworkStream {
     #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
     Tokio1NativeTls(Tokio1TlsStream<Box<dyn AsyncTokioStream>>),
     /// Encrypted Tokio 1.x TCP stream
-    #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
     Tokio1RustlsTls(Tokio1RustlsTlsStream<Box<dyn AsyncTokioStream>>),
     /// Encrypted Tokio 1.x TCP stream
     #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
@@ -83,12 +87,13 @@ enum InnerAsyncNetworkStream {
     #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
     AsyncStd1Tcp(AsyncStd1TcpStream),
     /// Encrypted Tokio 1.x TCP stream
-    #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
     AsyncStd1RustlsTls(AsyncStd1RustlsTlsStream<AsyncStd1TcpStream>),
     /// Can't be built
     None,
 }
 
+#[allow(deprecated)]
 impl AsyncNetworkStream {
     fn new(inner: InnerAsyncNetworkStream) -> Self {
         if let InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None = inner {
@@ -107,13 +112,13 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(s) => {
                 s.get_ref().get_ref().get_ref().peer_addr()
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(s) => s.get_ref().0.peer_addr(),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1BoringTls(s) => s.get_ref().peer_addr(),
             #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(s) => s.peer_addr(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(s) => s.get_ref().0.peer_addr(),
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => {
                 debug_assert!(false, "InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None must never be built");
@@ -170,7 +175,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
                             last_err = Some(io::Error::new(
                                 io::ErrorKind::TimedOut,
                                 "connection timed out",
-                            ))
+                            ));
                         }
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -222,7 +227,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
                         last_err = Some(io::Error::new(
                             io::ErrorKind::TimedOut,
                             "connection timed out",
-                        ))
+                        ));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -253,26 +258,25 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
                 feature = "tokio1",
                 not(any(
                     feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-                    feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+                    feature = "tokio1-rustls",
                     feature = "tokio1-boring-tls"
                 ))
             ))]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(_) => {
                 let _ = tls_parameters;
-                panic!("Trying to upgrade an AsyncNetworkStream without having enabled either the tokio1-native-tls or the tokio1-rustls-tls feature");
+                panic!("Trying to upgrade an AsyncNetworkStream without having enabled either the tokio1-native-tls or the tokio1-rustls feature");
             }
 
             #[cfg(any(
                 feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-                feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+                feature = "tokio1-rustls",
                 feature = "tokio1-boring-tls"
             ))]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(_) => {
                 // get owned TcpStream
                 let tcp_stream = mem::replace(&mut self.inner, InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None);
-                let tcp_stream = match tcp_stream {
+                let InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(tcp_stream) = tcp_stream else {
-                    InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(tcp_stream) => tcp_stream,
+                    unreachable!()
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
 
                 self.inner = Self::upgrade_tokio1_tls(tcp_stream, tls_parameters)
@@ -280,19 +284,18 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
                     .map_err(error::connection)?;
                 Ok(())
             }
-            #[cfg(all(feature = "async-std1", not(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")))]
+            #[cfg(all(feature = "async-std1", not(feature = "async-std1-rustls")))]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(_) => {
                 let _ = tls_parameters;
-                panic!("Trying to upgrade an AsyncNetworkStream without having enabled the async-std1-rustls-tls feature");
+                panic!("Trying to upgrade an AsyncNetworkStream without having enabled the async-std1-rustls feature");
             }
 
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(_) => {
                 // get owned TcpStream
                 let tcp_stream = mem::replace(&mut self.inner, InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None);
-                let tcp_stream = match tcp_stream {
+                let InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(tcp_stream) = tcp_stream else {
-                    InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(tcp_stream) => tcp_stream,
+                    unreachable!()
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
 
                 self.inner = Self::upgrade_asyncstd1_tls(tcp_stream, tls_parameters)
@@ -307,7 +310,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
     #[cfg(any(
         feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
-        feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls",
+        feature = "tokio1-rustls",
         feature = "tokio1-boring-tls"
     ))]
     async fn upgrade_tokio1_tls(
@@ -334,12 +337,12 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
                     Ok(InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(stream))
                 };
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerTlsParameters::RustlsTls(config) => {
-                #[cfg(not(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls"))]
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "tokio1-rustls"))]
-                panic!("built without the tokio1-rustls-tls feature");
+                panic!("built without the tokio1-rustls feature");
 
-                #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+                #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
                 return {
                     use tokio1_rustls::TlsConnector;
 
@@ -374,7 +377,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
     }
 
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
     async fn upgrade_asyncstd1_tls(
         tcp_stream: AsyncStd1TcpStream,
         mut tls_parameters: TlsParameters,
@@ -386,12 +389,12 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerTlsParameters::NativeTls(connector) => {
                 panic!("native-tls isn't supported with async-std yet. See https://github.com/lettre/lettre/pull/531#issuecomment-757893531");
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerTlsParameters::RustlsTls(config) => {
-                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls"))]
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "async-std1-rustls"))]
-                panic!("built without the async-std1-rustls-tls feature");
+                panic!("built without the async-std1-rustls feature");
 
-                #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+                #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
                 return {
                     use futures_rustls::TlsConnector;
 
@@ -419,18 +422,42 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(_) => false,
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(_) => true,
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(_) => true,
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1BoringTls(_) => true,
             #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(_) => false,
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(_) => true,
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => false,
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
+    pub fn tls_verify_result(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        match &self.inner {
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1")]
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(_) => {
+                Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted"))
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1BoringTls(stream) => {
+                stream.ssl().verify_result().map_err(error::tls)
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(_) => {
+                Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted"))
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
+            InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => panic!("InnerNetworkStream::None must never be built"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn certificate_chain(&self) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
         match &self.inner {
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1")]
@@ -439,7 +466,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(stream) => Ok(stream
                 .get_ref()
                 .1
@@ -460,7 +487,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(_) => {
                 Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted"))
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(stream) => Ok(stream
                 .get_ref()
                 .1
@@ -487,7 +514,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
                 .unwrap()
                 .to_der()
                 .map_err(error::tls)?),
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(stream) => Ok(stream
                 .get_ref()
                 .1
@@ -507,7 +534,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(_) => {
                 Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted"))
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(stream) => Ok(stream
                 .get_ref()
                 .1
@@ -521,6 +548,7 @@ impl AsyncNetworkStream {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(deprecated)]
 impl FuturesAsyncRead for AsyncNetworkStream {
     fn poll_read(
         mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
@@ -546,7 +574,7 @@ impl FuturesAsyncRead for AsyncNetworkStream {
                     Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
                 }
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(s) => {
                 let mut b = Tokio1ReadBuf::new(buf);
                 match Pin::new(s).poll_read(cx, &mut b) {
@@ -566,7 +594,7 @@ impl FuturesAsyncRead for AsyncNetworkStream {
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_read(cx, buf),
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_read(cx, buf),
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => {
                 debug_assert!(false, "InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None must never be built");
@@ -576,6 +604,7 @@ impl FuturesAsyncRead for AsyncNetworkStream {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(deprecated)]
 impl FuturesAsyncWrite for AsyncNetworkStream {
     fn poll_write(
         mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
@@ -587,13 +616,13 @@ impl FuturesAsyncWrite for AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_write(cx, buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_write(cx, buf),
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_write(cx, buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1BoringTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_write(cx, buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_write(cx, buf),
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_write(cx, buf),
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => {
                 debug_assert!(false, "InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None must never be built");
@@ -608,13 +637,13 @@ impl FuturesAsyncWrite for AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_flush(cx),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_flush(cx),
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_flush(cx),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1BoringTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_flush(cx),
             #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_flush(cx),
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_flush(cx),
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => {
                 debug_assert!(false, "InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None must never be built");
@@ -629,13 +658,13 @@ impl FuturesAsyncWrite for AsyncNetworkStream {
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_shutdown(cx),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-native-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1NativeTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_shutdown(cx),
-            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_shutdown(cx),
             #[cfg(feature = "tokio1-boring-tls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::Tokio1BoringTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_shutdown(cx),
             #[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1Tcp(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_close(cx),
-            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "async-std1-rustls")]
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::AsyncStd1RustlsTls(s) => Pin::new(s).poll_close(cx),
             InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None => {
                 debug_assert!(false, "InnerAsyncNetworkStream::None must never be built");

src/transport/smtp/client/connection.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl SmtpConnection {
         hello_name: &ClientId,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         if self.server_info.supports_feature(Extension::StartTls) {
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             {
                 try_smtp!(self.command(Starttls), self);
                 self.stream.get_mut().upgrade_tls(tls_parameters)?;
@@ -153,11 +153,7 @@ impl SmtpConnection {
                 try_smtp!(self.ehlo(hello_name), self);
                 Ok(())
             }
-            #[cfg(not(any(
+            #[cfg(not(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))]
-                feature = "native-tls",
-                feature = "rustls-tls",
-                feature = "boring-tls"
-            )))]
             // This should never happen as `Tls` can only be created
             // when a TLS library is enabled
             unreachable!("TLS support required but not supported");
@@ -303,13 +299,29 @@ impl SmtpConnection {
     }
 
     /// The X509 certificate of the server (DER encoded)
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn peer_certificate(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         self.stream.get_ref().peer_certificate()
     }
 
+    /// Currently this is only avaialable when using Boring TLS and
+    /// returns the result of the verification of the TLS certificate
+    /// presented by the peer, if any. Only the last error encountered
+    /// during verification is presented.
+    /// It can be useful when you don't want to fail outright the TLS
+    /// negotiation, for example when a self-signed certificate is
+    /// encountered, but still want to record metrics or log the fact.
+    /// When using DANE verification, the PKI root of trust moves from
+    /// the CAs to DNS, so self-signed certificates are permitted as long
+    /// as the TLSA records match the leaf or issuer certificates.
+    /// It cannot be called on non Boring TLS streams.
+    #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
+    pub fn tls_verify_result(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.stream.get_ref().tls_verify_result()
+    }
+
     /// All the X509 certificates of the chain (DER encoded)
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn certificate_chain(&self) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
         self.stream.get_ref().certificate_chain()
     }

src/transport/smtp/client/mod.rs

@@ -28,13 +28,14 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))]
 pub use self::async_connection::AsyncSmtpConnection;
 #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))]
+#[allow(deprecated)]
 pub use self::async_net::AsyncNetworkStream;
 #[cfg(feature = "tokio1")]
 pub use self::async_net::AsyncTokioStream;
 use self::net::NetworkStream;
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 pub(super) use self::tls::InnerTlsParameters;
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 pub use self::tls::TlsVersion;
 pub use self::{
     connection::SmtpConnection,
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ struct ClientCodec {
 
 impl ClientCodec {
     /// Creates a new client codec
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             status: CodecStatus::StartOfNewLine,
         }

src/transport/smtp/client/net.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{
     io::{self, Read, Write},
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ use std::{
 use boring::ssl::SslStream;
 #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
 use native_tls::TlsStream;
-#[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
 use rustls::{pki_types::ServerName, ClientConnection, StreamOwned};
 use socket2::{Domain, Protocol, Type};
 
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 use super::InnerTlsParameters;
 use super::TlsParameters;
 use crate::transport::smtp::{error, Error};
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ enum InnerNetworkStream {
     #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
     NativeTls(TlsStream<TcpStream>),
     /// Encrypted TCP stream
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
     RustlsTls(StreamOwned<ClientConnection, TcpStream>),
     #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
     BoringTls(SslStream<TcpStream>),
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(s) => s.peer_addr(),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(s) => s.get_ref().peer_addr(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(s) => s.get_ref().peer_addr(),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(s) => s.get_ref().peer_addr(),
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(s) => s.shutdown(how),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(s) => s.get_ref().shutdown(how),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(s) => s.get_ref().shutdown(how),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(s) => s.get_ref().shutdown(how),
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ impl NetworkStream {
 
                 if let Some(timeout) = timeout {
                     match socket.connect_timeout(&addr.into(), timeout) {
-                        Ok(_) => return Ok(socket.into()),
+                        Ok(()) => return Ok(socket.into()),
                         Err(err) => last_err = Some(err),
                     }
                 } else {
                     match socket.connect(&addr.into()) {
-                        Ok(_) => return Ok(socket.into()),
+                        Ok(()) => return Ok(socket.into()),
                         Err(err) => last_err = Some(err),
                     }
                 }
@@ -146,23 +146,18 @@ impl NetworkStream {
 
     pub fn upgrade_tls(&mut self, tls_parameters: &TlsParameters) -> Result<(), Error> {
         match &self.inner {
-            #[cfg(not(any(
+            #[cfg(not(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))]
-                feature = "native-tls",
-                feature = "rustls-tls",
-                feature = "boring-tls"
-            )))]
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(_) => {
                 let _ = tls_parameters;
-                panic!("Trying to upgrade an NetworkStream without having enabled either the native-tls or the rustls-tls feature");
+                panic!("Trying to upgrade an NetworkStream without having enabled either the `native-tls` or the `rustls` feature");
             }
 
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(_) => {
                 // get owned TcpStream
                 let tcp_stream = mem::replace(&mut self.inner, InnerNetworkStream::None);
-                let tcp_stream = match tcp_stream {
+                let InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(tcp_stream) = tcp_stream else {
-                    InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(tcp_stream) => tcp_stream,
+                    unreachable!()
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
 
                 self.inner = Self::upgrade_tls_impl(tcp_stream, tls_parameters)?;
@@ -172,7 +167,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     fn upgrade_tls_impl(
         tcp_stream: TcpStream,
         tls_parameters: &TlsParameters,
@@ -185,7 +180,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
                     .map_err(error::connection)?;
                 InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(stream)
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerTlsParameters::RustlsTls(connector) => {
                 let domain = ServerName::try_from(tls_parameters.domain())
                     .map_err(|_| error::connection("domain isn't a valid DNS name"))?;
@@ -212,7 +207,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(_) => false,
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(_) => true,
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(_) => true,
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(_) => true,
@@ -223,13 +218,29 @@ impl NetworkStream {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
+    pub fn tls_verify_result(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        match &self.inner {
+            InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(_) => Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted")),
+            #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
+            InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
+            InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
+            #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
+            InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(stream) => {
+                stream.ssl().verify_result().map_err(error::tls)
+            }
+            InnerNetworkStream::None => panic!("InnerNetworkStream::None must never be built"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn certificate_chain(&self) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, Error> {
         match &self.inner {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(_) => Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted")),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(_) => panic!("Unsupported"),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(stream) => Ok(stream
                 .conn
                 .peer_certificates()
@@ -249,7 +260,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn peer_certificate(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         match &self.inner {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(_) => Err(error::client("Connection is not encrypted")),
@@ -260,7 +271,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
                 .unwrap()
                 .to_der()
                 .map_err(error::tls)?),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(stream) => Ok(stream
                 .conn
                 .peer_certificates()
@@ -284,7 +295,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(stream) => stream.set_read_timeout(duration),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(stream) => stream.get_ref().set_read_timeout(duration),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(stream) => stream.get_ref().set_read_timeout(duration),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(stream) => stream.get_ref().set_read_timeout(duration),
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@ impl NetworkStream {
 
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(stream) => stream.get_ref().set_write_timeout(duration),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(stream) => stream.get_ref().set_write_timeout(duration),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(stream) => stream.get_ref().set_write_timeout(duration),
@@ -320,7 +331,7 @@ impl Read for NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(s) => s.read(buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(s) => s.read(buf),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(s) => s.read(buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(s) => s.read(buf),
@@ -338,7 +349,7 @@ impl Write for NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(s) => s.write(buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(s) => s.write(buf),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(s) => s.write(buf),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(s) => s.write(buf),
@@ -354,7 +365,7 @@ impl Write for NetworkStream {
             InnerNetworkStream::Tcp(s) => s.flush(),
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::NativeTls(s) => s.flush(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::RustlsTls(s) => s.flush(),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             InnerNetworkStream::BoringTls(s) => s.flush(),
@@ -369,7 +380,7 @@ impl Write for NetworkStream {
 /// If the local address is set, binds the socket to this address.
 /// If local address is not set, then destination address is required to determine the default
 /// local address on some platforms.
-/// See: https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/blob/faf24c6ad8eee1c3d5ccc9a4d4835717b8e2903f/src/client/connect/http.rs#L560
+/// See: <https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/blob/faf24c6ad8eee1c3d5ccc9a4d4835717b8e2903f/src/client/connect/http.rs#L560>
 fn bind_local_address(
     socket: &socket2::Socket,
     dst_addr: &SocketAddr,

src/transport/smtp/client/tls.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
-#[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
-use std::{io, sync::Arc};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
 use boring::{
@@ -10,23 +10,22 @@ use boring::{
 };
 #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
 use native_tls::{Protocol, TlsConnector};
-#[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
 use rustls::{
     client::danger::{HandshakeSignatureValid, ServerCertVerified, ServerCertVerifier},
-    crypto::WebPkiSupportedAlgorithms,
+    crypto::{verify_tls12_signature, verify_tls13_signature, CryptoProvider},
-    crypto::{verify_tls12_signature, verify_tls13_signature},
+    pki_types::{self, pem::PemObject, CertificateDer, PrivateKeyDer, ServerName, UnixTime},
-    pki_types::{CertificateDer, PrivateKeyDer, ServerName, UnixTime},
     server::ParsedCertificate,
     ClientConfig, DigitallySignedStruct, Error as TlsError, RootCertStore, SignatureScheme,
 };
 
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 use crate::transport::smtp::{error, Error};
 
 /// TLS protocol versions.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 pub enum TlsVersion {
     /// TLS 1.0
     ///
@@ -59,31 +58,65 @@ pub enum TlsVersion {
     Tlsv13,
 }
 
-/// How to apply TLS to a client connection
+/// Specifies how to establish a TLS connection
+///
+/// TLDR: Use [`Tls::Wrapper`] or [`Tls::Required`] when
+/// connecting to a remote server, [`Tls::None`] when
+/// connecting to a local server.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 #[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
 pub enum Tls {
-    /// Insecure connection only (for testing purposes)
+    /// Insecure (plaintext) connection only.
+    ///
+    /// This option **always** uses a plaintext connection and should only
+    /// be used for trusted local relays. It is **highly discouraged**
+    /// for remote servers, as it exposes credentials and emails to potential
+    /// interception.
+    ///
+    /// Note: Servers requiring credentials or emails to be sent over TLS
+    /// may reject connections when this option is used.
     None,
-    /// Start with insecure connection and use `STARTTLS` when available
+    /// Begin with a plaintext connection and attempt to use `STARTTLS` if available.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    ///
+    /// lettre will try to upgrade to a TLS-secured connection but will fall back
+    /// to plaintext if the server does not support TLS. This option is provided for
+    /// compatibility but is **strongly discouraged**, as it exposes connections to
+    /// potential MITM (man-in-the-middle) attacks.
+    ///
+    /// Warning: A malicious intermediary could intercept the `STARTTLS` flag,
+    /// causing lettre to believe the server only supports plaintext connections.
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     Opportunistic(TlsParameters),
-    /// Start with insecure connection and require `STARTTLS`
+    /// Begin with a plaintext connection and require `STARTTLS` for security.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    ///
+    /// lettre will upgrade plaintext TCP connections to TLS before transmitting
+    /// any sensitive data. If the server does not support TLS, the connection
+    /// attempt will fail, ensuring no credentials or emails are sent in plaintext.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike [`Tls::Opportunistic`], this option is secure against MITM attacks.
+    /// For optimal security and performance, consider using [`Tls::Wrapper`] instead,
+    /// as it requires fewer roundtrips to establish a secure connection.
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     Required(TlsParameters),
-    /// Use TLS wrapped connection
+    /// Establish a connection wrapped in TLS from the start.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    ///
+    /// lettre connects to the server and immediately performs a TLS handshake.
+    /// If the handshake fails, the connection attempt is aborted without
+    /// transmitting any sensitive data.
+    ///
+    /// This is the fastest and most secure option for establishing a connection.
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     Wrapper(TlsParameters),
 }
@@ -92,11 +125,11 @@ impl Debug for Tls {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match &self {
             Self::None => f.pad("None"),
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             Self::Opportunistic(_) => f.pad("Opportunistic"),
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             Self::Required(_) => f.pad("Required"),
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             Self::Wrapper(_) => f.pad("Wrapper"),
         }
     }
@@ -120,7 +153,7 @@ pub enum CertificateStore {
     /// Use a hardcoded set of Mozilla roots via the `webpki-roots` crate.
     ///
     /// This option is only available in the rustls backend.
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "rustls", feature = "webpki-roots"))]
     WebpkiRoots,
     /// Don't use any system certificates.
     None,
@@ -145,7 +178,7 @@ pub struct TlsParametersBuilder {
     identity: Option<Identity>,
     accept_invalid_hostnames: bool,
     accept_invalid_certs: bool,
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     min_tls_version: TlsVersion,
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +192,7 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
             identity: None,
             accept_invalid_hostnames: false,
             accept_invalid_certs: false,
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             min_tls_version: TlsVersion::Tlsv12,
         }
     }
@@ -197,10 +230,10 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
     /// including those from other sites, are trusted.
     ///
     /// This method introduces significant vulnerabilities to man-in-the-middle attacks.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn dangerous_accept_invalid_hostnames(mut self, accept_invalid_hostnames: bool) -> Self {
         self.accept_invalid_hostnames = accept_invalid_hostnames;
@@ -210,7 +243,7 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
     /// Controls which minimum TLS version is allowed
     ///
     /// Defaults to [`Tlsv12`][TlsVersion::Tlsv12].
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     pub fn set_min_tls_version(mut self, min_tls_version: TlsVersion) -> Self {
         self.min_tls_version = min_tls_version;
         self
@@ -239,17 +272,17 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
 
     /// Creates a new `TlsParameters` using native-tls, boring-tls or rustls
     /// depending on which one is available
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn build(self) -> Result<TlsParameters, Error> {
-        #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+        #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
         return self.build_rustls();
-        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "rustls-tls"), feature = "native-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "rustls"), feature = "native-tls"))]
         return self.build_native();
-        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "rustls-tls"), feature = "boring-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(all(not(feature = "rustls"), feature = "boring-tls"))]
         return self.build_boring();
     }
 
@@ -363,8 +396,8 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
     }
 
     /// Creates a new `TlsParameters` using rustls with the provided configuration
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")))]
+    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "rustls")))]
     pub fn build_rustls(self) -> Result<TlsParameters, Error> {
         let just_version3 = &[&rustls::version::TLS13];
         let supported_versions = match self.min_tls_version {
@@ -378,18 +411,16 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
             TlsVersion::Tlsv13 => just_version3,
         };
 
-        let tls = ClientConfig::builder_with_protocol_versions(supported_versions);
+        let crypto_provider = crate::rustls_crypto::crypto_provider();
-        let provider = rustls::crypto::CryptoProvider::get_default()
+        let tls = ClientConfig::builder_with_provider(Arc::clone(&crypto_provider))
-            .cloned()
+            .with_protocol_versions(supported_versions)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider()));
+            .map_err(error::tls)?;
 
         // Build TLS config
-        let signature_algorithms = provider.signature_verification_algorithms;
-
         let mut root_cert_store = RootCertStore::empty();
 
         #[cfg(feature = "rustls-native-certs")]
-        fn load_native_roots(store: &mut RootCertStore) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        fn load_native_roots(store: &mut RootCertStore) {
             let rustls_native_certs::CertificateResult { certs, errors, .. } =
                 rustls_native_certs::load_native_certs();
             let errors_len = errors.len();
@@ -399,10 +430,11 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
             tracing::debug!(
                 "loaded platform certs with {errors_len} failing to load, {added} valid and {ignored} ignored (invalid) certs"
             );
-            Ok(())
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "tracing"))]
+            let _ = (errors_len, added, ignored);
         }
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+        #[cfg(all(feature = "rustls", feature = "webpki-roots"))]
         fn load_webpki_roots(store: &mut RootCertStore) {
             store.extend(webpki_roots::TLS_SERVER_ROOTS.iter().cloned());
         }
@@ -410,11 +442,11 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
         match self.cert_store {
             CertificateStore::Default => {
                 #[cfg(feature = "rustls-native-certs")]
-                load_native_roots(&mut root_cert_store)?;
+                load_native_roots(&mut root_cert_store);
-                #[cfg(not(feature = "rustls-native-certs"))]
+                #[cfg(all(not(feature = "rustls-native-certs"), feature = "webpki-roots"))]
                 load_webpki_roots(&mut root_cert_store);
             }
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(all(feature = "rustls", feature = "webpki-roots"))]
             CertificateStore::WebpkiRoots => {
                 load_webpki_roots(&mut root_cert_store);
             }
@@ -431,7 +463,7 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
                 ignore_invalid_hostnames: self.accept_invalid_hostnames,
                 ignore_invalid_certs: self.accept_invalid_certs,
                 roots: root_cert_store,
-                signature_algorithms,
+                crypto_provider,
             };
             tls.dangerous()
                 .with_custom_certificate_verifier(Arc::new(verifier))
@@ -458,10 +490,10 @@ impl TlsParametersBuilder {
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 #[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
-pub enum InnerTlsParameters {
+pub(crate) enum InnerTlsParameters {
     #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
     NativeTls(TlsConnector),
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
     RustlsTls(Arc<ClientConfig>),
     #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
     BoringTls(SslConnector),
@@ -470,10 +502,10 @@ pub enum InnerTlsParameters {
 impl TlsParameters {
     /// Creates a new `TlsParameters` using native-tls or rustls
     /// depending on which one is available
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn new(domain: String) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         TlsParametersBuilder::new(domain).build()
@@ -492,8 +524,8 @@ impl TlsParameters {
     }
 
     /// Creates a new `TlsParameters` using rustls
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
-    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")))]
+    #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "rustls")))]
     pub fn new_rustls(domain: String) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         TlsParametersBuilder::new(domain).build_rustls()
     }
@@ -516,13 +548,13 @@ impl TlsParameters {
 pub struct Certificate {
     #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
     native_tls: native_tls::Certificate,
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
     rustls: Vec<CertificateDer<'static>>,
     #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
     boring_tls: boring::x509::X509,
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 impl Certificate {
     /// Create a `Certificate` from a DER encoded certificate
     pub fn from_der(der: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
@@ -535,7 +567,7 @@ impl Certificate {
         Ok(Self {
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             native_tls: native_tls_cert,
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             rustls: vec![der.into()],
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             boring_tls: boring_tls_cert,
@@ -550,20 +582,17 @@ impl Certificate {
         #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
         let boring_tls_cert = boring::x509::X509::from_pem(pem).map_err(error::tls)?;
 
-        #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+        #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
         let rustls_cert = {
-            use std::io::Cursor;
+            CertificateDer::pem_slice_iter(pem)
-
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, pki_types::pem::Error>>()
-            let mut pem = Cursor::new(pem);
-            rustls_pemfile::certs(&mut pem)
-                .collect::<io::Result<Vec<_>>>()
                 .map_err(|_| error::tls("invalid certificates"))?
         };
 
         Ok(Self {
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             native_tls: native_tls_cert,
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             rustls: rustls_cert,
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             boring_tls: boring_tls_cert,
@@ -582,7 +611,7 @@ impl Debug for Certificate {
 pub struct Identity {
     #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
     native_tls: native_tls::Identity,
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
     rustls_tls: (Vec<CertificateDer<'static>>, PrivateKeyDer<'static>),
     #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
     boring_tls: (boring::x509::X509, PKey<boring::pkey::Private>),
@@ -599,7 +628,7 @@ impl Clone for Identity {
         Identity {
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             native_tls: self.native_tls.clone(),
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             rustls_tls: (self.rustls_tls.0.clone(), self.rustls_tls.1.clone_key()),
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             boring_tls: (self.boring_tls.0.clone(), self.boring_tls.1.clone()),
@@ -607,13 +636,13 @@ impl Clone for Identity {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 impl Identity {
     pub fn from_pem(pem: &[u8], key: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         Ok(Self {
             #[cfg(feature = "native-tls")]
             native_tls: Identity::from_pem_native_tls(pem, key)?,
-            #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+            #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
             rustls_tls: Identity::from_pem_rustls_tls(pem, key)?,
             #[cfg(feature = "boring-tls")]
             boring_tls: Identity::from_pem_boring_tls(pem, key)?,
@@ -625,13 +654,19 @@ impl Identity {
         native_tls::Identity::from_pkcs8(pem, key).map_err(error::tls)
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
     fn from_pem_rustls_tls(
         pem: &[u8],
         key: &[u8],
     ) -> Result<(Vec<CertificateDer<'static>>, PrivateKeyDer<'static>), Error> {
-        let mut key = key;
+        let key = match PrivateKeyDer::from_pem_slice(key) {
-        let key = rustls_pemfile::private_key(&mut key).unwrap().unwrap();
+            Ok(key) => key,
+            Err(pki_types::pem::Error::NoItemsFound) => {
+                return Err(error::tls("no private key found"))
+            }
+            Err(err) => return Err(error::tls(err)),
+        };
+
         Ok((vec![pem.to_owned().into()], key))
     }
 
@@ -646,16 +681,16 @@ impl Identity {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InvalidCertsVerifier {
     ignore_invalid_hostnames: bool,
     ignore_invalid_certs: bool,
     roots: RootCertStore,
-    signature_algorithms: WebPkiSupportedAlgorithms,
+    crypto_provider: Arc<CryptoProvider>,
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rustls-tls")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustls")]
 impl ServerCertVerifier for InvalidCertsVerifier {
     fn verify_server_cert(
         &self,
@@ -673,7 +708,7 @@ impl ServerCertVerifier for InvalidCertsVerifier {
                 &self.roots,
                 intermediates,
                 now,
-                self.signature_algorithms.all,
+                self.crypto_provider.signature_verification_algorithms.all,
             )?;
         }
 
@@ -693,7 +728,7 @@ impl ServerCertVerifier for InvalidCertsVerifier {
             message,
             cert,
             dss,
-            &rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider().signature_verification_algorithms,
+            &self.crypto_provider.signature_verification_algorithms,
         )
     }
 
@@ -707,12 +742,12 @@ impl ServerCertVerifier for InvalidCertsVerifier {
             message,
             cert,
             dss,
-            &rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider().signature_verification_algorithms,
+            &self.crypto_provider.signature_verification_algorithms,
         )
     }
 
     fn supported_verify_schemes(&self) -> Vec<SignatureScheme> {
-        rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider()
+        self.crypto_provider
             .signature_verification_algorithms
             .supported_schemes()
     }

src/transport/smtp/connection_url.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
 use url::Url;
 
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 use super::client::{Tls, TlsParameters};
 #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))]
 use super::AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder;
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ impl TransportBuilder for AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-/// Create a new SmtpTransportBuilder or AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder from a connection URL
+/// Create a new `SmtpTransportBuilder` or `AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder` from a connection URL
 pub(crate) fn from_connection_url<B: TransportBuilder>(connection_url: &str) -> Result<B, Error> {
     let connection_url = Url::parse(connection_url).map_err(error::connection)?;
     let tls: Option<String> = connection_url
@@ -80,30 +82,30 @@ pub(crate) fn from_connection_url<B: TransportBuilder>(connection_url: &str) ->
         ("smtp", None) => {
             builder = builder.port(connection_url.port().unwrap_or(SMTP_PORT));
         }
-        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
         ("smtp", Some("required")) => {
             builder = builder
                 .port(connection_url.port().unwrap_or(SUBMISSION_PORT))
-                .tls(Tls::Required(TlsParameters::new(host.into())?))
+                .tls(Tls::Required(TlsParameters::new(host.into())?));
         }
-        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
         ("smtp", Some("opportunistic")) => {
             builder = builder
                 .port(connection_url.port().unwrap_or(SUBMISSION_PORT))
-                .tls(Tls::Opportunistic(TlsParameters::new(host.into())?))
+                .tls(Tls::Opportunistic(TlsParameters::new(host.into())?));
         }
-        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
         ("smtps", _) => {
             builder = builder
                 .port(connection_url.port().unwrap_or(SUBMISSIONS_PORT))
-                .tls(Tls::Wrapper(TlsParameters::new(host.into())?))
+                .tls(Tls::Wrapper(TlsParameters::new(host.into())?));
         }
         (scheme, tls) => {
             return Err(error::connection(format!(
                 "Unknown scheme '{scheme}' or tls parameter '{tls:?}', note that a transport with TLS requires one of the TLS features"
             )))
         }
-    };
+    }
 
     // use the path segment of the URL as name in the name in the HELO / EHLO command
     if connection_url.path().len() > 1 {
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ pub(crate) fn from_connection_url<B: TransportBuilder>(connection_url: &str) ->
         let percent_decode = |s: &str| {
             percent_encoding::percent_decode_str(s)
                 .decode_utf8()
-                .map(|cow| cow.into_owned())
+                .map(Cow::into_owned)
                 .map_err(error::connection)
         };
         let credentials = Credentials::new(

src/transport/smtp/error.rs

@@ -68,15 +68,20 @@ impl Error {
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the error is from TLS
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn is_tls(&self) -> bool {
         matches!(self.inner.kind, Kind::Tls)
     }
 
+    /// Returns true if the error is because the transport was shut down
+    pub fn is_transport_shutdown(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self.inner.kind, Kind::TransportShutdown)
+    }
+
     /// Returns the status code, if the error was generated from a response.
     pub fn status(&self) -> Option<Code> {
         match self.inner.kind {
@@ -107,10 +112,12 @@ pub(crate) enum Kind {
     /// TLS error
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     Tls,
+    /// Transport shutdown error
+    TransportShutdown,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for Error {
@@ -134,15 +141,16 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
             Kind::Client => f.write_str("internal client error")?,
             Kind::Network => f.write_str("network error")?,
             Kind::Connection => f.write_str("Connection error")?,
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             Kind::Tls => f.write_str("tls error")?,
+            Kind::TransportShutdown => f.write_str("transport has been shut down")?,
             Kind::Transient(code) => {
                 write!(f, "transient error ({code})")?;
             }
             Kind::Permanent(code) => {
                 write!(f, "permanent error ({code})")?;
             }
-        };
+        }
 
         if let Some(e) = &self.inner.source {
             write!(f, ": {e}")?;
@@ -185,7 +193,11 @@ pub(crate) fn connection<E: Into<BoxError>>(e: E) -> Error {
     Error::new(Kind::Connection, Some(e))
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 pub(crate) fn tls<E: Into<BoxError>>(e: E) -> Error {
     Error::new(Kind::Tls, Some(e))
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn transport_shutdown() -> Error {
+    Error::new::<BoxError>(Kind::TransportShutdown, None)
+}

src/transport/smtp/extension.rs

@@ -129,9 +129,8 @@ impl Display for ServerInfo {
 impl ServerInfo {
     /// Parses a EHLO response to create a `ServerInfo`
     pub fn from_response(response: &Response) -> Result<ServerInfo, Error> {
-        let name = match response.first_word() {
+        let Some(name) = response.first_word() else {
-            Some(name) => name,
+            return Err(error::response("Could not read server name"));
-            None => return Err(error::response("Could not read server name")),
         };
 
         let mut features: HashSet<Extension> = HashSet::new();
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ impl ServerInfo {
                     }
                 }
                 _ => (),
-            };
+            }
         }
 
         Ok(ServerInfo {

src/transport/smtp/mod.rs

@@ -26,43 +26,17 @@
 //!
 //! The relay server can be the local email server, a specific host or a third-party service.
 //!
-//! #### Simple example
+//! #### Simple example with authentication
 //!
-//! This is the most basic example of usage:
+//! A good starting point for sending emails via SMTP relay is to
+//! do the following:
 //!
 //! ```rust,no_run
-//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls")))]
+//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls")))]
-//! # fn test() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-//! use lettre::{Message, SmtpTransport, Transport};
-//!
-//! let email = Message::builder()
-//!     .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse()?)
-//!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
-//!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
-//!     .subject("Happy new year")
-//!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
-//!
-//! // Create TLS transport on port 465
-//! let sender = SmtpTransport::relay("smtp.example.com")?.build();
-//! // Send the email via remote relay
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
-//! # Ok(())
-//! # }
-//! ```
-//!
-//! #### Authentication
-//!
-//! Example with authentication and connection pool:
-//!
-//! ```rust,no_run
-//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls")))]
 //! # fn test() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 //! use lettre::{
-//!     transport::smtp::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType,
-//!         authentication::{Credentials, Mechanism},
+//!     transport::smtp::authentication::{Credentials, Mechanism},
-//!         PoolConfig,
-//!     },
 //!     Message, SmtpTransport, Transport,
 //! };
 //!
@@ -71,35 +45,39 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
-//! // Create TLS transport on port 587 with STARTTLS
+//! // Create the SMTPS transport
-//! let sender = SmtpTransport::starttls_relay("smtp.example.com")?
+//! let sender = SmtpTransport::relay("smtp.example.com")?
 //!     // Add credentials for authentication
 //!     .credentials(Credentials::new(
 //!         "username".to_owned(),
 //!         "password".to_owned(),
 //!     ))
-//!     // Configure expected authentication mechanism
+//!     // Optionally configure expected authentication mechanism
 //!     .authentication(vec![Mechanism::Plain])
-//!     // Connection pool settings
-//!     .pool_config(PoolConfig::new().max_size(20))
 //!     .build();
 //!
 //! // Send the email via remote relay
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //! ```
 //!
-//! You can specify custom TLS settings:
+//! #### Shortening configuration
+//!
+//! It can be very repetitive to ask the user for every SMTP connection parameter.
+//! In some cases this can be simplified by using a connection URI instead.
+//!
+//! For more information take a look at [`SmtpTransport::from_url`] or [`AsyncSmtpTransport::from_url`].
 //!
 //! ```rust,no_run
-//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls")))]
+//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls")))]
 //! # fn test() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 //! use lettre::{
-//!     transport::smtp::client::{Tls, TlsParameters},
+//!     message::header::ContentType,
+//!     transport::smtp::authentication::{Credentials, Mechanism},
 //!     Message, SmtpTransport, Transport,
 //! };
 //!
@@ -108,25 +86,106 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
-//! // Custom TLS configuration
+//! // Create the SMTPS transport
-//! let tls = TlsParameters::builder("smtp.example.com".to_owned())
+//! let sender = SmtpTransport::from_url("smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com")?.build();
-//!     .dangerous_accept_invalid_certs(true)
+//!
+//! // Send the email via remote relay
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
+//! # Ok(())
+//! # }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! #### Advanced configuration with custom TLS settings
+//!
+//! ```rust,no_run
+//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls")))]
+//! # fn test() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+//! use std::fs;
+//!
+//! use lettre::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType,
+//!     transport::smtp::client::{Certificate, Tls, TlsParameters},
+//!     Message, SmtpTransport, Transport,
+//! };
+//!
+//! let email = Message::builder()
+//!     .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse()?)
+//!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
+//!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
+//!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
+//!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
+//!
+//! // Custom TLS configuration - Use a self signed certificate
+//! let cert = fs::read("self-signed.crt")?;
+//! let cert = Certificate::from_pem(&cert)?;
+//! let tls = TlsParameters::builder(/* TLS SNI value */ "smtp.example.com".to_owned())
+//!     .add_root_certificate(cert)
 //!     .build()?;
 //!
-//! // Create TLS transport on port 465
+//! // Create the SMTPS transport
 //! let sender = SmtpTransport::relay("smtp.example.com")?
-//!     // Custom TLS configuration
+//!     .tls(Tls::Wrapper(tls))
-//!     .tls(Tls::Required(tls))
 //!     .build();
 //!
 //! // Send the email via remote relay
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! # Ok(())
 //! # }
 //! ```
+//!
+//! #### Connection pooling
+//!
+//! [`SmtpTransport`] and [`AsyncSmtpTransport`] store connections in
+//! a connection pool by default. This avoids connecting and disconnecting
+//! from the relay server for every message the application tries to send. For the connection pool
+//! to work the instance of the transport **must** be reused.
+//! In a webserver context it may go about this:
+//!
+//! ```rust,no_run
+//! # #[cfg(all(feature = "builder", any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls")))]
+//! # fn test() {
+//! use lettre::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType,
+//!     transport::smtp::{authentication::Credentials, PoolConfig},
+//!     Message, SmtpTransport, Transport,
+//! };
+//! #
+//! # type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
+//!
+//! /// The global application state
+//! #[derive(Debug)]
+//! struct AppState {
+//!     smtp: SmtpTransport,
+//!     // ... other global application parameters
+//! }
+//!
+//! impl AppState {
+//!     pub fn new(smtp_url: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+//!         let smtp = SmtpTransport::from_url(smtp_url)?.build();
+//!         Ok(Self { smtp })
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn handle_request(app_state: &AppState) -> Result<String> {
+//!     let email = Message::builder()
+//!         .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse()?)
+//!         .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
+//!         .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
+//!         .subject("Happy new year")
+//!         .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
+//!         .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
+//!
+//!     // Send the email via remote relay
+//!     app_state.smtp.send(&email)?;
+//!
+//!     Ok("The email has successfully been sent!".to_owned())
+//! }
+//! # }
+//! ```
 
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -140,7 +199,7 @@ pub use self::{
     error::Error,
     transport::{SmtpTransport, SmtpTransportBuilder},
 };
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 use crate::transport::smtp::client::TlsParameters;
 use crate::transport::smtp::{
     authentication::{Credentials, Mechanism, DEFAULT_MECHANISMS},

src/transport/smtp/pool/async_impl.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::{
     fmt::{self, Debug},
-    mem,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
     sync::{Arc, OnceLock},
     time::{Duration, Instant},
@@ -15,11 +14,15 @@ use super::{
     super::{client::AsyncSmtpConnection, Error},
     PoolConfig,
 };
-use crate::{executor::SpawnHandle, transport::smtp::async_transport::AsyncSmtpClient, Executor};
+use crate::{
+    executor::SpawnHandle,
+    transport::smtp::{async_transport::AsyncSmtpClient, error},
+    Executor,
+};
 
-pub struct Pool<E: Executor> {
+pub(crate) struct Pool<E: Executor> {
     config: PoolConfig,
-    connections: Mutex<Vec<ParkedConnection>>,
+    connections: Mutex<Option<Vec<ParkedConnection>>>,
     client: AsyncSmtpClient<E>,
     handle: OnceLock<E::Handle>,
 }
@@ -29,16 +32,16 @@ struct ParkedConnection {
     since: Instant,
 }
 
-pub struct PooledConnection<E: Executor> {
+pub(crate) struct PooledConnection<E: Executor> {
     conn: Option<AsyncSmtpConnection>,
     pool: Arc<Pool<E>>,
 }
 
 impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
-    pub fn new(config: PoolConfig, client: AsyncSmtpClient<E>) -> Arc<Self> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(config: PoolConfig, client: AsyncSmtpClient<E>) -> Arc<Self> {
         let pool = Arc::new(Self {
             config,
-            connections: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            connections: Mutex::new(Some(Vec::new())),
             client,
             handle: OnceLock::new(),
         });
@@ -60,6 +63,10 @@ impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
                             #[allow(clippy::needless_collect)]
                             let (count, dropped) = {
                                 let mut connections = pool.connections.lock().await;
+                                let Some(connections) = connections.as_mut() else {
+                                    // The transport was shut down
+                                    return;
+                                };
 
                                 let to_drop = connections
                                     .iter()
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
 
                             #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
                             let mut created = 0;
-                            for _ in count..=(min_idle as usize) {
+                            for _ in count..(min_idle as usize) {
                                 let conn = match pool.client.connection().await {
                                     Ok(conn) => conn,
                                     Err(err) => {
@@ -92,6 +99,11 @@ impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
                                 };
 
                                 let mut connections = pool.connections.lock().await;
+                                let Some(connections) = connections.as_mut() else {
+                                    // The transport was shut down
+                                    return;
+                                };
+
                                 connections.push(ParkedConnection::park(conn));
 
                                 #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
@@ -109,7 +121,7 @@ impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
                                 #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
                                 tracing::debug!("dropped {} idle connections", dropped.len());
 
-                                abort_concurrent(dropped.into_iter().map(|conn| conn.unpark()))
+                                abort_concurrent(dropped.into_iter().map(ParkedConnection::unpark))
                                     .await;
                             }
                         }
@@ -134,10 +146,29 @@ impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
         pool
     }
 
-    pub async fn connection(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<PooledConnection<E>, Error> {
+    pub(crate) async fn shutdown(&self) {
+        let connections = { self.connections.lock().await.take() };
+        if let Some(connections) = connections {
+            stream::iter(connections)
+                .for_each_concurrent(8, |conn| async move {
+                    conn.unpark().abort().await;
+                })
+                .await;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(handle) = self.handle.get() {
+            handle.shutdown().await;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn connection(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<PooledConnection<E>, Error> {
         loop {
             let conn = {
                 let mut connections = self.connections.lock().await;
+                let Some(connections) = connections.as_mut() else {
+                    // The transport was shut down
+                    return Err(error::transport_shutdown());
+                };
                 connections.pop()
             };
 
@@ -181,14 +212,21 @@ impl<E: Executor> Pool<E> {
             #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
             tracing::debug!("recycling connection");
 
-            let mut connections = self.connections.lock().await;
+            let mut connections_guard = self.connections.lock().await;
+
+            if let Some(connections) = connections_guard.as_mut() {
                 if connections.len() >= self.config.max_size as usize {
-                drop(connections);
+                    drop(connections_guard);
                     conn.abort().await;
                 } else {
                     let conn = ParkedConnection::park(conn);
                     connections.push(conn);
                 }
+            } else {
+                // The pool has already been shut down
+                drop(connections_guard);
+                conn.abort().await;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -200,7 +238,13 @@ impl<E: Executor> Debug for Pool<E> {
             .field(
                 "connections",
                 &match self.connections.try_lock() {
-                    Some(connections) => format!("{} connections", connections.len()),
+                    Some(connections) => {
+                        if let Some(connections) = connections.as_ref() {
+                            format!("{} connections", connections.len())
+                        } else {
+                            "SHUT DOWN".to_owned()
+                        }
+                    }
 
                     None => "LOCKED".to_owned(),
                 },
@@ -222,14 +266,16 @@ impl<E: Executor> Drop for Pool<E> {
         #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
         tracing::debug!("dropping Pool");
 
-        let connections = mem::take(self.connections.get_mut());
+        let connections = self.connections.get_mut().take();
         let handle = self.handle.take();
         E::spawn(async move {
             if let Some(handle) = handle {
                 handle.shutdown().await;
             }
 
-            abort_concurrent(connections.into_iter().map(|conn| conn.unpark())).await;
+            if let Some(connections) = connections {
+                abort_concurrent(connections.into_iter().map(ParkedConnection::unpark)).await;
+            }
         });
     }
 }

src/transport/smtp/pool/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))]
-pub mod async_impl;
+pub(super) mod async_impl;
-pub mod sync_impl;
+pub(super) mod sync_impl;
 
 /// Configuration for a connection pool
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]

src/transport/smtp/pool/sync_impl.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use std::{
     fmt::{self, Debug},
-    mem,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex, TryLockError},
+    sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex, TryLockError},
     thread,
     time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
@@ -11,11 +10,12 @@ use super::{
     super::{client::SmtpConnection, Error},
     PoolConfig,
 };
-use crate::transport::smtp::transport::SmtpClient;
+use crate::transport::smtp::{error, transport::SmtpClient};
 
-pub struct Pool {
+pub(crate) struct Pool {
     config: PoolConfig,
-    connections: Mutex<Vec<ParkedConnection>>,
+    connections: Mutex<Option<Vec<ParkedConnection>>>,
+    thread_terminator: mpsc::SyncSender<()>,
     client: SmtpClient,
 }
 
@@ -24,16 +24,19 @@ struct ParkedConnection {
     since: Instant,
 }
 
-pub struct PooledConnection {
+pub(crate) struct PooledConnection {
     conn: Option<SmtpConnection>,
     pool: Arc<Pool>,
 }
 
 impl Pool {
-    pub fn new(config: PoolConfig, client: SmtpClient) -> Arc<Self> {
+    pub(crate) fn new(config: PoolConfig, client: SmtpClient) -> Arc<Self> {
+        let (thread_tx, thread_rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(1);
+
         let pool = Arc::new(Self {
             config,
-            connections: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+            connections: Mutex::new(Some(Vec::new())),
+            thread_terminator: thread_tx,
             client,
         });
 
@@ -54,6 +57,10 @@ impl Pool {
                         #[allow(clippy::needless_collect)]
                         let (count, dropped) = {
                             let mut connections = pool.connections.lock().unwrap();
+                            let Some(connections) = connections.as_mut() else {
+                                // The transport was shut down
+                                return;
+                            };
 
                             let to_drop = connections
                                 .iter()
@@ -72,7 +79,7 @@ impl Pool {
 
                         #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
                         let mut created = 0;
-                        for _ in count..=(min_idle as usize) {
+                        for _ in count..(min_idle as usize) {
                             let conn = match pool.client.connection() {
                                 Ok(conn) => conn,
                                 Err(err) => {
@@ -86,6 +93,11 @@ impl Pool {
                             };
 
                             let mut connections = pool.connections.lock().unwrap();
+                            let Some(connections) = connections.as_mut() else {
+                                // The transport was shut down
+                                return;
+                            };
+
                             connections.push(ParkedConnection::park(conn));
 
                             #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
@@ -109,7 +121,15 @@ impl Pool {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        thread::sleep(idle_timeout);
+                        drop(pool);
+
+                        match thread_rx.recv_timeout(idle_timeout) {
+                            Ok(()) | Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) => {
+                                // The transport was shut down
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) => {}
+                        }
                     }
                 })
                 .expect("couldn't spawn the Pool thread");
@@ -118,10 +138,25 @@ impl Pool {
         pool
     }
 
-    pub fn connection(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<PooledConnection, Error> {
+    pub(crate) fn shutdown(&self) {
+        let connections = { self.connections.lock().unwrap().take() };
+        if let Some(connections) = connections {
+            for conn in connections {
+                conn.unpark().abort();
+            }
+        }
+
+        _ = self.thread_terminator.try_send(());
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn connection(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<PooledConnection, Error> {
         loop {
             let conn = {
                 let mut connections = self.connections.lock().unwrap();
+                let Some(connections) = connections.as_mut() else {
+                    // The transport was shut down
+                    return Err(error::transport_shutdown());
+                };
                 connections.pop()
             };
 
@@ -165,14 +200,21 @@ impl Pool {
             #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
             tracing::debug!("recycling connection");
 
-            let mut connections = self.connections.lock().unwrap();
+            let mut connections_guard = self.connections.lock().unwrap();
+
+            if let Some(connections) = connections_guard.as_mut() {
                 if connections.len() >= self.config.max_size as usize {
-                drop(connections);
+                    drop(connections_guard);
                     conn.abort();
                 } else {
                     let conn = ParkedConnection::park(conn);
                     connections.push(conn);
                 }
+            } else {
+                // The pool has already been shut down
+                drop(connections_guard);
+                conn.abort();
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -184,7 +226,13 @@ impl Debug for Pool {
             .field(
                 "connections",
                 &match self.connections.try_lock() {
-                    Ok(connections) => format!("{} connections", connections.len()),
+                    Ok(connections) => {
+                        if let Some(connections) = connections.as_ref() {
+                            format!("{} connections", connections.len())
+                        } else {
+                            "SHUT DOWN".to_owned()
+                        }
+                    }
 
                     Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => "LOCKED".to_owned(),
                     Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(_)) => "POISONED".to_owned(),
@@ -200,13 +248,14 @@ impl Drop for Pool {
         #[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
         tracing::debug!("dropping Pool");
 
-        let connections = mem::take(&mut *self.connections.get_mut().unwrap());
+        if let Some(connections) = self.connections.get_mut().unwrap().take() {
             for conn in connections {
                 let mut conn = conn.unpark();
                 conn.abort();
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
 impl ParkedConnection {
     fn park(conn: SmtpConnection) -> Self {

src/transport/smtp/response.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ use nom::{
     bytes::streaming::{tag, take_until},
     combinator::{complete, map},
     multi::many0,
-    sequence::{preceded, tuple},
+    sequence::preceded,
-    IResult,
+    IResult, Parser,
 };
 
 use crate::transport::smtp::{error, Error};
@@ -221,7 +221,8 @@ fn parse_severity(i: &str) -> IResult<&str, Severity> {
         map(tag("3"), |_| Severity::PositiveIntermediate),
         map(tag("4"), |_| Severity::TransientNegativeCompletion),
         map(tag("5"), |_| Severity::PermanentNegativeCompletion),
-    ))(i)
+    ))
+    .parse(i)
 }
 
 fn parse_category(i: &str) -> IResult<&str, Category> {
@@ -232,7 +233,8 @@ fn parse_category(i: &str) -> IResult<&str, Category> {
         map(tag("3"), |_| Category::Unspecified3),
         map(tag("4"), |_| Category::Unspecified4),
         map(tag("5"), |_| Category::MailSystem),
-    ))(i)
+    ))
+    .parse(i)
 }
 
 fn parse_detail(i: &str) -> IResult<&str, Detail> {
@@ -247,18 +249,20 @@ fn parse_detail(i: &str) -> IResult<&str, Detail> {
         map(tag("7"), |_| Detail::Seven),
         map(tag("8"), |_| Detail::Eight),
         map(tag("9"), |_| Detail::Nine),
-    ))(i)
+    ))
+    .parse(i)
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn parse_response(i: &str) -> IResult<&str, Response> {
-    let (i, lines) = many0(tuple((
+    let (i, lines) = many0((
         parse_code,
         preceded(tag("-"), take_until("\r\n")),
         tag("\r\n"),
-    )))(i)?;
+    ))
+    .parse(i)?;
     let (i, (last_code, last_line)) =
-        tuple((parse_code, preceded(tag(" "), take_until("\r\n"))))(i)?;
+        (parse_code, preceded(tag(" "), take_until("\r\n"))).parse(i)?;
-    let (i, _) = complete(tag("\r\n"))(i)?;
+    let (i, _) = complete(tag("\r\n")).parse(i)?;
 
     // Check that all codes are equal.
     if !lines.iter().all(|&(code, _, _)| code == last_code) {

src/transport/smtp/transport.rs

@@ -7,11 +7,35 @@ use super::pool::sync_impl::Pool;
 #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
 use super::PoolConfig;
 use super::{ClientId, Credentials, Error, Mechanism, Response, SmtpConnection, SmtpInfo};
-#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
 use super::{Tls, TlsParameters, SUBMISSIONS_PORT, SUBMISSION_PORT};
 use crate::{address::Envelope, Transport};
 
-/// Sends emails using the SMTP protocol
+/// Synchronously send emails using the SMTP protocol
+///
+/// `SmtpTransport` is the primary way for communicating
+/// with SMTP relay servers to send email messages. It holds the
+/// client connect configuration and creates new connections
+/// as necessary.
+///
+/// # Connection pool
+///
+/// When the `pool` feature is enabled (default), `SmtpTransport` maintains a
+/// connection pool to manage SMTP connections. The pool:
+///
+/// - Establishes a new connection when sending a message.
+/// - Recycles connections internally after a message is sent.
+/// - Reuses connections for subsequent messages, reducing connection setup overhead.
+///
+/// The connection pool can grow to hold multiple SMTP connections if multiple
+/// emails are sent concurrently, as SMTP does not support multiplexing within a
+/// single connection.
+///
+/// However, **connection reuse is not possible** if the `SmtpTransport` instance
+/// is dropped after every email send operation. You must reuse the instance
+/// of this struct for the connection pool to be of any use.
+///
+/// To customize connection pool settings, use [`SmtpTransportBuilder::pool_config`].
 #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "smtp-transport")))]
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SmtpTransport {
@@ -32,10 +56,15 @@ impl Transport for SmtpTransport {
         let result = conn.send(envelope, email)?;
 
         #[cfg(not(feature = "pool"))]
-        conn.quit()?;
+        conn.abort();
 
         Ok(result)
     }
+
+    fn shutdown(&self) {
+        #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
+        self.inner.shutdown();
+    }
 }
 
 impl Debug for SmtpTransport {
@@ -53,10 +82,10 @@ impl SmtpTransport {
     ///
     /// Creates an encrypted transport over submissions port, using the provided domain
     /// to validate TLS certificates.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn relay(relay: &str) -> Result<SmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
         let tls_parameters = TlsParameters::new(relay.into())?;
@@ -77,10 +106,10 @@ impl SmtpTransport {
     ///
     /// An error is returned if the connection can't be upgraded. No credentials
     /// or emails will be sent to the server, protecting from downgrade attacks.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn starttls_relay(relay: &str) -> Result<SmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
         let tls_parameters = TlsParameters::new(relay.into())?;
@@ -115,54 +144,72 @@ impl SmtpTransport {
 
     /// Creates a `SmtpTransportBuilder` from a connection URL
     ///
-    /// The protocol, credentials, host and port can be provided in a single URL.
+    /// The protocol, credentials, host, port and EHLO name can be provided
-    /// Use the scheme `smtp` for an unencrypted relay (optionally in combination with the
+    /// in a single URL. This may be simpler than having to configure SMTP
-    /// `tls` parameter to allow/require STARTTLS) or `smtps` for SMTP over TLS.
+    /// through multiple configuration parameters and then having to pass
-    /// The path section of the url can be used to set an alternative name for
+    /// those options to lettre.
-    /// the HELO / EHLO command.
-    /// For example `smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com/client.example.com:465`
-    /// will set the HELO / EHLO name `client.example.com`.
     ///
-    /// <table>
+    /// The URL is created in the following way:
-    ///   <thead>
+    /// `scheme://user:pass@hostname:port/ehlo-name?tls=TLS`.
-    ///     <tr>
+    ///
-    ///       <th>scheme</th>
+    /// `user` (Username) and `pass` (Password) are optional in case the
-    ///       <th>tls parameter</th>
+    /// SMTP relay doesn't require authentication. When `port` is not
-    ///       <th>example</th>
+    /// configured it is automatically determined based on the `scheme`.
-    ///       <th>remarks</th>
+    /// `ehlo-name` optionally overwrites the hostname sent for the EHLO
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// command. `TLS` controls whether STARTTLS is simply enabled
-    ///   </thead>
+    /// (`opportunistic` - not enough to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks)
-    ///   <tbody>
+    /// or `required` (require the server to upgrade the connection to
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// STARTTLS, otherwise fail on suspicion of main-in-the-middle attempt).
-    ///      <td>smtps</td>
+    ///
-    ///      <td>-</td>
+    /// Use the following table to construct your SMTP url:
-    ///      <td>smtps://smtp.example.com</td>
+    ///
-    ///      <td>SMTP over TLS, recommended method</td>
+    /// | scheme  | `tls` query parameter | example                                            | default port | remarks                                                                                                                               |
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// | ------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// | `smtps` | unset                 | `smtps://user:pass@hostname:port`                  | 465          | SMTP over TLS, recommended method                                                                                                     |
-    ///      <td>smtp</td>
+    /// | `smtp`  | `required`            | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port?tls=required`      | 587          | SMTP with STARTTLS required, when SMTP over TLS is not available                                                                      |
-    ///      <td>required</td>
+    /// | `smtp`  | `opportunistic`       | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port?tls=opportunistic` | 587          | SMTP with optionally STARTTLS when supported by the server. Not suitable for production use: vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack |
-    ///      <td>smtp://smtp.example.com?tls=required</td>
+    /// | `smtp`  | unset                 | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port`                   | 587          | Always unencrypted SMTP. Not suitable for production use: sends all data unencrypted                                                  |
-    ///      <td>SMTP with STARTTLS required, when SMTP over TLS is not available</td>
+    ///
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// IMPORTANT: some parameters like `user` and `pass` cannot simply
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// be concatenated to construct the final URL because special characters
-    ///      <td>smtp</td>
+    /// contained within the parameter may confuse the URL decoder.
-    ///      <td>opportunistic</td>
+    /// Manually URL encode the parameters before concatenating them or use
-    ///      <td>smtp://smtp.example.com?tls=opportunistic</td>
+    /// a proper URL encoder, like the following cargo script:
-    ///      <td>
+    ///
-    ///         SMTP with optionally STARTTLS when supported by the server.
+    /// ```rust
-    ///         Caution: this method is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack.
+    /// # let _ = r#"
-    ///         Not recommended for production use.
+    /// #!/usr/bin/env cargo
-    ///       </td>
+    ///
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// //! ```cargo
-    ///     <tr>
+    /// //! [dependencies]
-    ///      <td>smtp</td>
+    /// //! url = "2"
-    ///      <td>-</td>
+    /// //! ```
-    ///      <td>smtp://smtp.example.com</td>
+    /// # "#;
-    ///      <td>Unencrypted SMTP, not recommended for production use.</td>
+    ///
-    ///     </tr>
+    /// use url::Url;
-    ///   </tbody>
+    ///
-    /// </table>
+    /// fn main() {
+    ///     // don't touch this line
+    ///     let mut url = Url::parse("foo://bar").unwrap();
+    ///
+    ///     // configure the scheme (`smtp` or `smtps`) here.
+    ///     url.set_scheme("smtps").unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the username and password.
+    ///     // remove the following two lines if unauthenticated.
+    ///     url.set_username("username").unwrap();
+    ///     url.set_password(Some("password")).unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the hostname
+    ///     url.set_host(Some("smtp.example.com")).unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the port - only necessary if using a non-default port
+    ///     url.set_port(Some(465)).unwrap();
+    ///     // configure the EHLO name
+    ///     url.set_path("ehlo-name");
+    ///
+    ///     println!("{url}");
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The connection URL can then be used in the following way:
     ///
     /// ```rust,no_run
     /// use lettre::{
@@ -170,6 +217,7 @@ impl SmtpTransport {
     ///     SmtpTransport, Transport,
     /// };
     ///
+    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     /// let email = Message::builder()
     ///     .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
     ///     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
@@ -180,20 +228,17 @@ impl SmtpTransport {
     ///     .unwrap();
     ///
     /// // Open a remote connection to example
-    /// let mailer = SmtpTransport::from_url("smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com:465")
+    /// let mailer = SmtpTransport::from_url("smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com")?.build();
-    ///     .unwrap()
-    ///     .build();
     ///
     /// // Send the email
-    /// match mailer.send(&email) {
+    /// mailer.send(&email)?;
-    ///     Ok(_) => println!("Email sent successfully!"),
+    /// # Ok(())
-    ///     Err(e) => panic!("Could not send email: {e:?}"),
+    /// # }
-    /// }
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn from_url(connection_url: &str) -> Result<SmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
         super::connection_url::from_connection_url(connection_url)
@@ -246,7 +291,7 @@ impl SmtpTransportBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set the authentication mechanism to use
+    /// Set the authentication credentials to use
     pub fn credentials(mut self, credentials: Credentials) -> Self {
         self.info.credentials = Some(credentials);
         self
@@ -265,16 +310,38 @@ impl SmtpTransportBuilder {
     }
 
     /// Set the port to use
+    ///
+    /// # ⚠️⚠️⚠️ You probably don't need to call this method ⚠️⚠️⚠️
+    ///
+    /// lettre usually picks the correct `port` when building
+    /// [`SmtpTransport`] using [`SmtpTransport::relay`] or
+    /// [`SmtpTransport::starttls_relay`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Using the incorrect `port` and [`Self::tls`] combination may
+    /// lead to hard to debug IO errors coming from the TLS library.
     pub fn port(mut self, port: u16) -> Self {
         self.info.port = port;
         self
     }
 
     /// Set the TLS settings to use
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+    ///
+    /// # ⚠️⚠️⚠️ You probably don't need to call this method ⚠️⚠️⚠️
+    ///
+    /// By default lettre chooses the correct `tls` configuration when
+    /// building [`SmtpTransport`] using [`SmtpTransport::relay`] or
+    /// [`SmtpTransport::starttls_relay`].
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Using the wrong [`Tls`] and [`Self::port`] combination may
+    /// lead to hard to debug IO errors coming from the TLS library.
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
     #[cfg_attr(
         docsrs,
-        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls")))
+        doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
     )]
     pub fn tls(mut self, tls: Tls) -> Self {
         self.info.tls = tls;
@@ -307,7 +374,7 @@ impl SmtpTransportBuilder {
 
 /// Build client
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct SmtpClient {
+pub(super) struct SmtpClient {
     info: SmtpInfo,
 }
 
@@ -315,10 +382,10 @@ impl SmtpClient {
     /// Creates a new connection directly usable to send emails
     ///
     /// Handles encryption and authentication
-    pub fn connection(&self) -> Result<SmtpConnection, Error> {
+    pub(super) fn connection(&self) -> Result<SmtpConnection, Error> {
         #[allow(clippy::match_single_binding)]
         let tls_parameters = match &self.info.tls {
-            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+            #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
             Tls::Wrapper(tls_parameters) => Some(tls_parameters),
             _ => None,
         };
@@ -332,7 +399,7 @@ impl SmtpClient {
             None,
         )?;
 
-        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls-tls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
         match &self.info.tls {
             Tls::Opportunistic(tls_parameters) => {
                 if conn.can_starttls() {

src/transport/smtp/util.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter, Result as FmtResult};
 
 /// Encode a string as xtext
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct XText<'a>(pub &'a str);
+pub(crate) struct XText<'a>(pub(crate) &'a str);
 
-impl<'a> Display for XText<'a> {
+impl Display for XText<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> FmtResult {
         let mut rest = self.0;
         while let Some(idx) = rest.find(|c| c < '!' || c == '+' || c == '=') {
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ mod tests {
             ("bjørn", "bjørn"),
             ("Ø+= ❤️‰", "Ø+2B+3D+20❤️‰"),
             ("+", "+2B"),
-        ]
+        ] {
-        .iter()
-        {
             assert_eq!(format!("{}", XText(input)), (*expect).to_owned());
         }
     }

src/transport/stub/mod.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
 //! ```rust
 //! # #[cfg(feature = "builder")]
 //! # {
-//! use lettre::{transport::stub::StubTransport, Message, Transport};
+//! use lettre::{
+//!     message::header::ContentType, transport::stub::StubTransport, Message, Transport,
+//! };
 //!
 //! # use std::error::Error;
 //! # fn try_main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
@@ -20,11 +22,11 @@
 //!     .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse()?)
 //!     .subject("Happy new year")
+//!     .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
 //!     .body(String::from("Be happy!"))?;
 //!
 //! let mut sender = StubTransport::new_ok();
-//! let result = sender.send(&email);
+//! sender.send(&email)?;
-//! assert!(result.is_ok());
 //! assert_eq!(
 //!     sender.messages(),
 //!     vec![(