Files
lettre/src/transport/smtp/async_transport.rs
2025-04-03 09:50:06 +02:00

523 lines
18 KiB
Rust

#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::{
fmt::{self, Debug},
marker::PhantomData,
time::Duration,
};
use async_trait::async_trait;
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
use super::pool::async_impl::Pool;
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
use super::PoolConfig;
#[cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
))]
use super::Tls;
use super::{
client::AsyncSmtpConnection, ClientId, Credentials, Error, Mechanism, Response, SmtpInfo,
};
#[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
use crate::AsyncStd1Executor;
#[cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))]
use crate::AsyncTransport;
#[cfg(feature = "tokio1")]
use crate::Tokio1Executor;
use crate::{Envelope, Executor};
/// Asynchronously sends emails using the SMTP protocol
///
/// `AsyncSmtpTransport` is the primary way for communicating
/// with SMTP relay servers to send email messages. It holds the
/// client connect configuration and creates new connections
/// as necessary.
///
/// # Connection pool
///
/// When the `pool` feature is enabled (default), `AsyncSmtpTransport` maintains a
/// connection pool to manage SMTP connections. The pool:
///
/// - Establishes a new connection when sending a message.
/// - Recycles connections internally after a message is sent.
/// - Reuses connections for subsequent messages, reducing connection setup overhead.
///
/// The connection pool can grow to hold multiple SMTP connections if multiple
/// emails are sent concurrently, as SMTP does not support multiplexing within a
/// single connection.
///
/// However, **connection reuse is not possible** if the `SyncSmtpTransport` instance
/// is dropped after every email send operation. You must reuse the instance
/// of this struct for the connection pool to be of any use.
///
/// To customize connection pool settings, use [`AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder::pool_config`].
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))))]
pub struct AsyncSmtpTransport<E: Executor> {
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
inner: Arc<Pool<E>>,
#[cfg(not(feature = "pool"))]
inner: AsyncSmtpClient<E>,
}
#[cfg(feature = "tokio1")]
#[async_trait]
impl AsyncTransport for AsyncSmtpTransport<Tokio1Executor> {
type Ok = Response;
type Error = Error;
/// Sends an email
async fn send_raw(&self, envelope: &Envelope, email: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
let mut conn = self.inner.connection().await?;
let result = conn.send(envelope, email).await?;
#[cfg(not(feature = "pool"))]
conn.abort().await;
Ok(result)
}
async fn shutdown(&self) {
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
self.inner.shutdown().await;
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "async-std1")]
#[async_trait]
impl AsyncTransport for AsyncSmtpTransport<AsyncStd1Executor> {
type Ok = Response;
type Error = Error;
/// Sends an email
async fn send_raw(&self, envelope: &Envelope, email: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> {
let mut conn = self.inner.connection().await?;
let result = conn.send(envelope, email).await?;
conn.quit().await?;
Ok(result)
}
async fn shutdown(&self) {
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
self.inner.shutdown().await;
}
}
impl<E> AsyncSmtpTransport<E>
where
E: Executor,
{
/// Simple and secure transport, using TLS connections to communicate with the SMTP server
///
/// The right option for most SMTP servers.
///
/// Creates an encrypted transport over submissions port, using the provided domain
/// to validate TLS certificates.
#[cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
))]
#[cfg_attr(
docsrs,
doc(cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
)))
)]
pub fn relay(relay: &str) -> Result<AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
use super::{Tls, TlsParameters, SUBMISSIONS_PORT};
let tls_parameters = TlsParameters::new(relay.into())?;
Ok(Self::builder_dangerous(relay)
.port(SUBMISSIONS_PORT)
.tls(Tls::Wrapper(tls_parameters)))
}
/// Simple and secure transport, using STARTTLS to obtain encrypted connections
///
/// Alternative to [`AsyncSmtpTransport::relay`](#method.relay), for SMTP servers
/// that don't take SMTPS connections.
///
/// Creates an encrypted transport over submissions port, by first connecting using
/// an unencrypted connection and then upgrading it with STARTTLS. The provided
/// domain is used to validate TLS certificates.
///
/// An error is returned if the connection can't be upgraded. No credentials
/// or emails will be sent to the server, protecting from downgrade attacks.
#[cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
))]
#[cfg_attr(
docsrs,
doc(cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
)))
)]
pub fn starttls_relay(relay: &str) -> Result<AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
use super::{Tls, TlsParameters, SUBMISSION_PORT};
let tls_parameters = TlsParameters::new(relay.into())?;
Ok(Self::builder_dangerous(relay)
.port(SUBMISSION_PORT)
.tls(Tls::Required(tls_parameters)))
}
/// Creates a new local SMTP client to port 25
///
/// Shortcut for local unencrypted relay (typical local email daemon that will handle relaying)
pub fn unencrypted_localhost() -> AsyncSmtpTransport<E> {
Self::builder_dangerous("localhost").build()
}
/// Creates a new SMTP client
///
/// Defaults are:
///
/// * No authentication
/// * No TLS
/// * A 60-seconds timeout for smtp commands
/// * Port 25
///
/// Consider using [`AsyncSmtpTransport::relay`](#method.relay) or
/// [`AsyncSmtpTransport::starttls_relay`](#method.starttls_relay) instead,
/// if possible.
pub fn builder_dangerous<T: Into<String>>(server: T) -> AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder::new(server)
}
/// Creates a `AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder` from a connection URL
///
/// The protocol, credentials, host, port and EHLO name can be provided
/// in a single URL. This may be simpler than having to configure SMTP
/// through multiple configuration parameters and then having to pass
/// those options to lettre.
///
/// The URL is created in the following way:
/// `scheme://user:pass@hostname:port/ehlo-name?tls=TLS`.
///
/// `user` (Username) and `pass` (Password) are optional in case the
/// SMTP relay doesn't require authentication. When `port` is not
/// configured it is automatically determined based on the `scheme`.
/// `ehlo-name` optionally overwrites the hostname sent for the EHLO
/// command. `TLS` controls whether STARTTLS is simply enabled
/// (`opportunistic` - not enough to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks)
/// or `required` (require the server to upgrade the connection to
/// STARTTLS, otherwise fail on suspicion of main-in-the-middle attempt).
///
/// Use the following table to construct your SMTP url:
///
/// | scheme | `tls` query parameter | example | default port | remarks |
/// | ------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
/// | `smtps` | unset | `smtps://user:pass@hostname:port` | 465 | SMTP over TLS, recommended method |
/// | `smtp` | `required` | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port?tls=required` | 587 | SMTP with STARTTLS required, when SMTP over TLS is not available |
/// | `smtp` | `opportunistic` | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port?tls=opportunistic` | 587 | SMTP with optionally STARTTLS when supported by the server. Not suitable for production use: vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack |
/// | `smtp` | unset | `smtp://user:pass@hostname:port` | 587 | Always unencrypted SMTP. Not suitable for production use: sends all data unencrypted |
///
/// IMPORTANT: some parameters like `user` and `pass` cannot simply
/// be concatenated to construct the final URL because special characters
/// contained within the parameter may confuse the URL decoder.
/// Manually URL encode the parameters before concatenating them or use
/// a proper URL encoder, like the following cargo script:
///
/// ```rust
/// # const TOML: &str = r#"
/// #!/usr/bin/env cargo
///
/// //! ```cargo
/// //! [dependencies]
/// //! url = "2"
/// //! ```
/// # "#;
///
/// use url::Url;
///
/// fn main() {
/// // don't touch this line
/// let mut url = Url::parse("foo://bar").unwrap();
///
/// // configure the scheme (`smtp` or `smtps`) here.
/// url.set_scheme("smtps").unwrap();
/// // configure the username and password.
/// // remove the following two lines if unauthenticated.
/// url.set_username("username").unwrap();
/// url.set_password(Some("password")).unwrap();
/// // configure the hostname
/// url.set_host(Some("smtp.example.com")).unwrap();
/// // configure the port - only necessary if using a non-default port
/// url.set_port(Some(465)).unwrap();
/// // configure the EHLO name
/// url.set_path("ehlo-name");
///
/// println!("{url}");
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The connection URL can then be used in the following way:
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use lettre::{
/// message::header::ContentType, transport::smtp::authentication::Credentials,
/// AsyncSmtpTransport, AsyncTransport, Message, Tokio1Executor,
/// };
/// # use tokio1_crate as tokio;
///
/// # #[tokio::main]
/// # async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
/// let email = Message::builder()
/// .from("NoBody <nobody@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
/// .reply_to("Yuin <yuin@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
/// .to("Hei <hei@domain.tld>".parse().unwrap())
/// .subject("Happy new year")
/// .header(ContentType::TEXT_PLAIN)
/// .body(String::from("Be happy!"))
/// .unwrap();
///
/// // Open a remote connection to gmail
/// let mailer: AsyncSmtpTransport<Tokio1Executor> =
/// AsyncSmtpTransport::<Tokio1Executor>::from_url(
/// "smtps://username:password@smtp.example.com:465",
/// )?
/// .build();
///
/// // Send the email
/// mailer.send(email).await?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls"))]
#[cfg_attr(
docsrs,
doc(cfg(any(feature = "native-tls", feature = "rustls", feature = "boring-tls")))
)]
pub fn from_url(connection_url: &str) -> Result<AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder, Error> {
super::connection_url::from_connection_url(connection_url)
}
/// Tests the SMTP connection
///
/// `test_connection()` tests the connection by using the SMTP NOOP command.
/// The connection is closed afterward if a connection pool is not used.
pub async fn test_connection(&self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
let mut conn = self.inner.connection().await?;
let is_connected = conn.test_connected().await;
#[cfg(not(feature = "pool"))]
conn.quit().await?;
Ok(is_connected)
}
}
impl<E: Executor> Debug for AsyncSmtpTransport<E> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut builder = f.debug_struct("AsyncSmtpTransport");
builder.field("inner", &self.inner);
builder.finish()
}
}
impl<E> Clone for AsyncSmtpTransport<E>
where
E: Executor,
{
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
Self {
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
inner: Arc::clone(&self.inner),
#[cfg(not(feature = "pool"))]
inner: self.inner.clone(),
}
}
}
/// Contains client configuration.
/// Instances of this struct can be created using functions of [`AsyncSmtpTransport`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(any(feature = "tokio1", feature = "async-std1"))))]
pub struct AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
info: SmtpInfo,
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
pool_config: PoolConfig,
}
/// Builder for the SMTP `AsyncSmtpTransport`
impl AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
// Create new builder with default parameters
pub(crate) fn new<T: Into<String>>(server: T) -> Self {
let info = SmtpInfo {
server: server.into(),
..Default::default()
};
AsyncSmtpTransportBuilder {
info,
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
pool_config: PoolConfig::default(),
}
}
/// Set the name used during EHLO
pub fn hello_name(mut self, name: ClientId) -> Self {
self.info.hello_name = name;
self
}
/// Set the authentication credentials to use
pub fn credentials(mut self, credentials: Credentials) -> Self {
self.info.credentials = Some(credentials);
self
}
/// Set the authentication mechanism to use
pub fn authentication(mut self, mechanisms: Vec<Mechanism>) -> Self {
self.info.authentication = mechanisms;
self
}
/// Set the port to use
///
/// # ⚠️⚠️⚠️ You probably don't need to call this method ⚠️⚠️⚠️
///
/// lettre usually picks the correct `port` when building
/// [`AsyncSmtpTransport`] using [`AsyncSmtpTransport::relay`] or
/// [`AsyncSmtpTransport::starttls_relay`].
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Using the incorrect `port` and [`Self::tls`] combination may
/// lead to hard to debug IO errors coming from the TLS library.
pub fn port(mut self, port: u16) -> Self {
self.info.port = port;
self
}
/// Set the timeout duration
pub fn timeout(mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> Self {
self.info.timeout = timeout;
self
}
/// Set the TLS settings to use
///
/// # ⚠️⚠️⚠️ You probably don't need to call this method ⚠️⚠️⚠️
///
/// By default lettre chooses the correct `tls` configuration when
/// building [`AsyncSmtpTransport`] using [`AsyncSmtpTransport::relay`] or
/// [`AsyncSmtpTransport::starttls_relay`].
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Using the incorrect [`Tls`] and [`Self::port`] combination may
/// lead to hard to debug IO errors coming from the TLS library.
#[cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
))]
#[cfg_attr(
docsrs,
doc(cfg(any(
feature = "tokio1-native-tls",
feature = "tokio1-rustls",
feature = "async-std1-rustls"
)))
)]
pub fn tls(mut self, tls: Tls) -> Self {
self.info.tls = tls;
self
}
/// Use a custom configuration for the connection pool
///
/// Defaults can be found at [`PoolConfig`]
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
#[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "pool")))]
pub fn pool_config(mut self, pool_config: PoolConfig) -> Self {
self.pool_config = pool_config;
self
}
/// Build the transport
pub fn build<E>(self) -> AsyncSmtpTransport<E>
where
E: Executor,
{
let client = AsyncSmtpClient {
info: self.info,
marker_: PhantomData,
};
#[cfg(feature = "pool")]
let client = Pool::new(self.pool_config, client);
AsyncSmtpTransport { inner: client }
}
}
/// Build client
pub(super) struct AsyncSmtpClient<E> {
info: SmtpInfo,
marker_: PhantomData<E>,
}
impl<E> AsyncSmtpClient<E>
where
E: Executor,
{
/// Creates a new connection directly usable to send emails
///
/// Handles encryption and authentication
pub(super) async fn connection(&self) -> Result<AsyncSmtpConnection, Error> {
let mut conn = E::connect(
&self.info.server,
self.info.port,
self.info.timeout,
&self.info.hello_name,
&self.info.tls,
)
.await?;
if let Some(credentials) = &self.info.credentials {
conn.auth(&self.info.authentication, credentials).await?;
}
Ok(conn)
}
}
impl<E> Debug for AsyncSmtpClient<E> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut builder = f.debug_struct("AsyncSmtpClient");
builder.field("info", &self.info);
builder.finish()
}
}
// `clone` is unused when the `pool` feature is on
#[allow(dead_code)]
impl<E> AsyncSmtpClient<E>
where
E: Executor,
{
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
Self {
info: self.info.clone(),
marker_: PhantomData,
}
}
}