Add "Build and Test Fully" workflow (#11931)

## Problem

We don't test debug builds for v14..v16 in the regular "Build and Test"
runs to perform the testing faster, but it means we can't detect
assertion failures in those versions.
(See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/11891,
https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/11997)

## Summary of changes
Add a new workflow to test all build types and all versions on all
architectures.

test_runner/regress/test_compatibility.py

@@ -127,6 +127,12 @@ check_ondisk_data_compatibility_if_enabled = pytest.mark.skipif(
     reason="CHECK_ONDISK_DATA_COMPATIBILITY env is not set",
 )
 
+skip_old_debug_versions = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    os.getenv("BUILD_TYPE", "debug") == "debug"
+    and os.getenv("DEFAULT_PG_VERSION") in [PgVersion.V14, PgVersion.V15, PgVersion.V16],
+    reason="compatibility snaphots not available for old versions of debug builds",
+)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.xdist_group("compatibility")
 @pytest.mark.order(before="test_forward_compatibility")
@@ -197,6 +203,7 @@ ingest_lag_log_line = ".*ingesting record with timestamp lagging more than wait_
 
 
 @check_ondisk_data_compatibility_if_enabled
+@skip_old_debug_versions
 @pytest.mark.xdist_group("compatibility")
 @pytest.mark.order(after="test_create_snapshot")
 def test_backward_compatibility(
@@ -224,6 +231,7 @@ def test_backward_compatibility(
 
 
 @check_ondisk_data_compatibility_if_enabled
+@skip_old_debug_versions
 @pytest.mark.xdist_group("compatibility")
 @pytest.mark.order(after="test_create_snapshot")
 def test_forward_compatibility(
@@ -593,6 +601,7 @@ def test_historic_storage_formats(
 
 
 @check_ondisk_data_compatibility_if_enabled
+@skip_old_debug_versions
 @pytest.mark.xdist_group("compatibility")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     **fixtures.utils.allpairs_versions(),