diff --git a/pageserver/src/metrics.rs b/pageserver/src/metrics.rs
index 1473729186..3924ee24ce 100644
--- a/pageserver/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/metrics.rs
@@ -653,6 +653,35 @@ pub(crate) static COMPRESSION_IMAGE_OUTPUT_BYTES: Lazy<IntCounter> = Lazy::new(|
     .expect("failed to define a metric")
 });
 
+pub(crate) static RELSIZE_CACHE_ENTRIES: Lazy<UIntGauge> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_uint_gauge!(
+        "pageserver_relsize_cache_entries",
+        "Number of entries in the relation size cache",
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
+pub(crate) static RELSIZE_CACHE_HITS: Lazy<IntCounter> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_counter!("pageserver_relsize_cache_hits", "Relation size cache hits",)
+        .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
+pub(crate) static RELSIZE_CACHE_MISSES: Lazy<IntCounter> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_counter!(
+        "pageserver_relsize_cache_misses",
+        "Relation size cache misses",
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
+pub(crate) static RELSIZE_CACHE_MISSES_UPDATED: Lazy<IntCounter> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_counter!(
+        "pageserver_relsize_cache_misses_updated",
+        "Relation size cache misses where relation update LSN is after lookup LSN",
+    )
+    .expect("failed to define a metric")
+});
+
 pub(crate) mod initial_logical_size {
     use metrics::{register_int_counter, register_int_counter_vec, IntCounter, IntCounterVec};
     use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
diff --git a/pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs b/pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs
index 7c1abbf3e2..1f34a165b1 100644
--- a/pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ use super::tenant::{PageReconstructError, Timeline};
 use crate::aux_file;
 use crate::context::RequestContext;
 use crate::keyspace::{KeySpace, KeySpaceAccum};
+use crate::metrics::{
+    RELSIZE_CACHE_ENTRIES, RELSIZE_CACHE_HITS, RELSIZE_CACHE_MISSES, RELSIZE_CACHE_MISSES_UPDATED,
+};
 use crate::span::debug_assert_current_span_has_tenant_and_timeline_id_no_shard_id;
 use anyhow::{ensure, Context};
 use bytes::{Buf, Bytes, BytesMut};
@@ -955,9 +958,12 @@ impl Timeline {
         let rel_size_cache = self.rel_size_cache.read().unwrap();
         if let Some((cached_lsn, nblocks)) = rel_size_cache.map.get(tag) {
             if lsn >= *cached_lsn {
+                RELSIZE_CACHE_HITS.inc();
                 return Some(*nblocks);
             }
+            RELSIZE_CACHE_MISSES_UPDATED.inc();
         }
+        RELSIZE_CACHE_MISSES.inc();
         None
     }
 
@@ -982,6 +988,7 @@ impl Timeline {
             }
             hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                 entry.insert((lsn, nblocks));
+                RELSIZE_CACHE_ENTRIES.inc();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -989,13 +996,17 @@ impl Timeline {
     /// Store cached relation size
     pub fn set_cached_rel_size(&self, tag: RelTag, lsn: Lsn, nblocks: BlockNumber) {
         let mut rel_size_cache = self.rel_size_cache.write().unwrap();
-        rel_size_cache.map.insert(tag, (lsn, nblocks));
+        if rel_size_cache.map.insert(tag, (lsn, nblocks)).is_none() {
+            RELSIZE_CACHE_ENTRIES.inc();
+        }
     }
 
     /// Remove cached relation size
     pub fn remove_cached_rel_size(&self, tag: &RelTag) {
         let mut rel_size_cache = self.rel_size_cache.write().unwrap();
-        rel_size_cache.map.remove(tag);
+        if rel_size_cache.map.remove(tag).is_some() {
+            RELSIZE_CACHE_ENTRIES.dec();
+        }
     }
 }