diff --git a/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs b/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs
index f0a3ba532a..0a1c03c72e 100644
--- a/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs
+++ b/pageserver/src/tenant/timeline.rs
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ use super::storage_layer::{
     DeltaLayer, ImageLayer, Layer, LayerAccessStatsReset, PersistentLayerDesc,
 };
 
+const ENABLE_TIERED_COMPACTION: bool = false;
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) enum FlushLoopState {
     NotStarted,
@@ -857,6 +859,20 @@ impl Timeline {
             .await
         {
             Ok((partitioning, lsn)) => {
+                if !ENABLE_TIERED_COMPACTION {
+                    // 2. Create new image layers for partitions that have been modified
+                    // "enough".
+                    let layer_paths_to_upload = self
+                        .create_bottom_image_layers(&partitioning, lsn, false, ctx)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)?;
+                    if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
+                        for (path, layer_metadata) in layer_paths_to_upload {
+                            remote_client.schedule_layer_file_upload(&path, &layer_metadata)?;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
                 // 3. Compact
                 let timer = self.metrics.compact_time_histo.start_timer();
                 self.compact_level0(layer_removal_cs.clone(), target_file_size, ctx)
@@ -3742,8 +3758,88 @@ impl Timeline {
         target_file_size: u64,
         ctx: &RequestContext,
     ) -> Result<(), CompactionError> {
-        self.compact_tiered(layer_removal_cs, target_file_size, ctx)
-            .await
+        if ENABLE_TIERED_COMPACTION {
+            return self
+                .compact_tiered(layer_removal_cs, target_file_size, ctx)
+                .await;
+        }
+
+        let CompactLevel0Phase1Result {
+            new_layers,
+            deltas_to_compact,
+        } = self
+            .compact_level0_phase1(layer_removal_cs.clone(), target_file_size, ctx)
+            .await?;
+
+        if new_layers.is_empty() && deltas_to_compact.is_empty() {
+            // nothing to do
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // Before deleting any layers, we need to wait for their upload ops to finish.
+        // See storage_sync module level comment on consistency.
+        // Do it here because we don't want to hold self.layers.write() while waiting.
+        if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
+            debug!("waiting for upload ops to complete");
+            remote_client
+                .wait_completion()
+                .await
+                .context("wait for layer upload ops to complete")?;
+        }
+
+        let mut guard = self.layers.write().await;
+        let (layers, _) = &mut *guard;
+        let mut updates = layers.batch_update();
+        let mut new_layer_paths = HashMap::with_capacity(new_layers.len());
+        for l in new_layers {
+            let new_delta_path = l.path();
+
+            let metadata = new_delta_path.metadata().with_context(|| {
+                format!(
+                    "read file metadata for new created layer {}",
+                    new_delta_path.display()
+                )
+            })?;
+
+            if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
+                remote_client.schedule_layer_file_upload(
+                    &l.filename(),
+                    &LayerFileMetadata::new(metadata.len()),
+                )?;
+            }
+
+            // update the timeline's physical size
+            self.metrics
+                .resident_physical_size_gauge
+                .add(metadata.len());
+
+            new_layer_paths.insert(new_delta_path, LayerFileMetadata::new(metadata.len()));
+            let x: Arc<dyn PersistentLayer + 'static> = Arc::new(l);
+            x.access_stats().record_residence_event(
+                &updates,
+                LayerResidenceStatus::Resident,
+                LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerCreate,
+            );
+            updates.insert_historic(x.layer_desc().clone());
+            self.lcache.create_new_layer(x);
+        }
+
+        // Now that we have reshuffled the data to set of new delta layers, we can
+        // delete the old ones
+        let mut layer_names_to_delete = Vec::with_capacity(deltas_to_compact.len());
+        for l in deltas_to_compact {
+            layer_names_to_delete.push(l.filename());
+            self.delete_historic_layer(layer_removal_cs.clone(), l, &mut updates)?;
+        }
+        updates.flush();
+        drop_wlock(guard);
+
+        // Also schedule the deletions in remote storage
+        if let Some(remote_client) = &self.remote_client {
+            remote_client.schedule_layer_file_deletion(&layer_names_to_delete)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn get_compact_task(tier_sizes: Vec<(usize, u64)>) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {