storage_controller: fix non-timeline passthrough GETs (#7602)

## Problem

We were matching on `/tenant/:tenant_id` and
`/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline*`, but not non-timeline tenant sub-paths.
There aren't many: this was only noticeable when using the
synthetic_size endpoint by hand.

## Summary of changes

- Change the wildcard from `/tenant/:tenant_id/timeline*` to
`/tenant/:tenant_id/*`
- Add test lines that exercise this

test_runner/regress/test_storage_controller.py

@@ -230,6 +230,10 @@ def test_storage_controller_passthrough(
     }
     assert status["state"]["slug"] == "Active"
 
+    (synthetic_size, size_inputs) = client.tenant_size_and_modelinputs(env.initial_tenant)
+    assert synthetic_size > 0
+    assert "segments" in size_inputs
+
     env.storage_controller.consistency_check()