CI(build-tools): update Rust, Python, Mold (#8667)

## Problem
- Rust 1.80.1 has been released:
https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/08/08/Rust-1.80.1.html
- Python 3.9.19 has been released:
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3919/
- Mold 2.33.0 has been released:
https://github.com/rui314/mold/releases/tag/v2.33.0
- Unpinned `cargo-deny` in `build-tools` got updated to the latest
version and doesn't work anymore with the current config file

## Summary of changes
- Bump Rust to 1.80.1
- Bump Python to 3.9.19
- Bump Mold to 2.33.0 
- Pin `cargo-deny`, `cargo-hack`, `cargo-hakari`, `cargo-nextest`,
`rustfilt` versions
- Update `deny.toml` to the latest format, see
https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/pull/611

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.80.0"
+channel = "1.80.1"
 profile = "default"
 # The default profile includes rustc, rust-std, cargo, rust-docs, rustfmt and clippy.
 # https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/concepts/profiles.html