Update the versions for ClickHouse and Debezium (#12741)

## Problem
The test for logical replication used the year-old versions of
ClickHouse and Debezium so that we may miss problems related to
up-to-date versions.
## Summary of changes
The ClickHouse version has been updated to 24.8.
The Debezium version has been updated to the latest stable one,
3.1.3Final.
Some problems with locally running the Debezium test have been fixed.

---------

Co-authored-by: Alexey Masterov <alexey.masterov@databricks.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Bayandin <alexander@neon.tech>

.github/workflows/pg-clients.yml

@@ -48,8 +48,20 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-build-tools-image.yml
     secrets: inherit
 
+  generate-ch-tmppw:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    outputs:
+      tmp_val: ${{ steps.pwgen.outputs.tmp_val }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate a random password
+        id: pwgen
+        run: |
+          set +x
+          p=$(dd if=/dev/random bs=14 count=1 2>/dev/null | base64)
+          echo tmp_val="${p//\//}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
   test-logical-replication:
-    needs: [ build-build-tools-image ]
+    needs: [ build-build-tools-image, generate-ch-tmppw ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
 
     container:
@@ -60,16 +72,20 @@ jobs:
       options: --init --user root
     services:
       clickhouse:
-        image: clickhouse/clickhouse-server:24.6.3.64
+        image: clickhouse/clickhouse-server:24.8
+        env:
+          CLICKHOUSE_PASSWORD: ${{ needs.generate-ch-tmppw.outputs.tmp_val }}
         ports:
           - 9000:9000
           - 8123:8123
       zookeeper:
-        image: quay.io/debezium/zookeeper:2.7
+        image: quay.io/debezium/zookeeper:3.1.3.Final
         ports:
           - 2181:2181
+          - 2888:2888
+          - 3888:3888
       kafka:
-        image: quay.io/debezium/kafka:2.7
+        image: quay.io/debezium/kafka:3.1.3.Final
         env:
           ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: "zookeeper:2181"
           KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:9092
@@ -79,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
         ports:
           - 9092:9092
       debezium:
-        image: quay.io/debezium/connect:2.7
+        image: quay.io/debezium/connect:3.1.3.Final
         env:
           BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS: kafka:9092
           GROUP_ID: 1
@@ -125,6 +141,7 @@ jobs:
           aws-oidc-role-arn: ${{ vars.DEV_AWS_OIDC_ROLE_ARN }}
         env:
           BENCHMARK_CONNSTR: ${{ steps.create-neon-project.outputs.dsn }}
+          CLICKHOUSE_PASSWORD: ${{ needs.generate-ch-tmppw.outputs.tmp_val }}
 
       - name: Delete Neon Project
         if: always()