[BRC-2905] Feed back PS-detected data corruption signals to SK and PG walproposer (#895)

Data corruptions are typically detected on the pageserver side when it
replays WAL records. However, since PS doesn't synchronously replay WAL
records as they are being ingested through safekeepers, we need some
extra plumbing to feed information about pageserver-detected corruptions
during compaction (and/or WAL redo in general) back to SK and PG for
proper action.

We don't yet know what actions PG/SK should take upon receiving the
signal, but we should have the detection and feedback in place.

Add an extra `corruption_detected` field to the `PageserverFeedback`
message that is sent from PS -> SK -> PG. It's a boolean value that is
set to true when PS detects a "critical error" that signals data
corruption, and it's sent in all `PageserverFeedback` messages. Upon
receiving this signal, the safekeeper raises a
`safekeeper_ps_corruption_detected` gauge metric (value set to 1). The
safekeeper then forwards this signal to PG where a
`ps_corruption_detected` gauge metric (value also set to 1) is raised in
the `neon_perf_counters` view.

Added an integration test in
`test_compaction.py::test_ps_corruption_detection_feedback` that
confirms that the safekeeper and PG can receive the data corruption
signal in the `PageserverFeedback` message in a simulated data
corruption.

libs/utils/src/logging.rs

@@ -34,13 +34,16 @@ macro_rules! critical {
 
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! critical_timeline {
-    ($tenant_shard_id:expr, $timeline_id:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {{
+    ($tenant_shard_id:expr, $timeline_id:expr, $corruption_detected:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {{
         if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
             panic!($($arg)*);
         }
         // Increment both metrics
         $crate::logging::TRACING_EVENT_COUNT_METRIC.inc_critical();
         $crate::logging::HADRON_CRITICAL_STORAGE_EVENT_COUNT_METRIC.inc(&$tenant_shard_id.to_string(), &$timeline_id.to_string());
+        if let Some(c) = $corruption_detected.as_ref() {
+            c.store(true, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
         let backtrace = std::backtrace::Backtrace::capture();
         tracing::error!("CRITICAL: [tenant_shard_id: {}, timeline_id: {}] {}\n{backtrace}",
                        $tenant_shard_id, $timeline_id, format!($($arg)*));

libs/utils/src/pageserver_feedback.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ pub struct PageserverFeedback {
     pub replytime: SystemTime,
     /// Used to track feedbacks from different shards. Always zero for unsharded tenants.
     pub shard_number: u32,
+    /// If true, the pageserver has detected corruption and the safekeeper and postgres
+    /// should stop sending WAL.
+    pub corruption_detected: bool,
 }
 
 impl PageserverFeedback {
@@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ impl PageserverFeedback {
             disk_consistent_lsn: Lsn::INVALID,
             replytime: *PG_EPOCH,
             shard_number: 0,
+            corruption_detected: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -101,6 +105,13 @@ impl PageserverFeedback {
             buf.put_u32(self.shard_number);
         }
 
+        if self.corruption_detected {
+            nkeys += 1;
+            buf.put_slice(b"corruption_detected\0");
+            buf.put_i32(1);
+            buf.put_u8(1);
+        }
+
         buf[buf_ptr] = nkeys;
     }
 
@@ -147,6 +158,11 @@ impl PageserverFeedback {
                     assert_eq!(len, 4);
                     rf.shard_number = buf.get_u32();
                 }
+                b"corruption_detected" => {
+                    let len = buf.get_i32();
+                    assert_eq!(len, 1);
+                    rf.corruption_detected = buf.get_u8() != 0;
+                }
                 _ => {
                     let len = buf.get_i32();
                     warn!(
@@ -206,6 +222,26 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(rf, rf_parsed);
     }
 
+    // Test that databricks-specific fields added to the PageserverFeedback message are serialized
+    // and deserialized correctly, in addition to the existing fields from upstream.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_replication_feedback_databricks_fields() {
+        let mut rf = PageserverFeedback::empty();
+        rf.current_timeline_size = 12345678;
+        rf.last_received_lsn = Lsn(23456789);
+        rf.disk_consistent_lsn = Lsn(34567890);
+        rf.remote_consistent_lsn = Lsn(45678901);
+        rf.replytime = *PG_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(100_000_000);
+        rf.shard_number = 1;
+        rf.corruption_detected = true;
+
+        let mut data = BytesMut::new();
+        rf.serialize(&mut data);
+
+        let rf_parsed = PageserverFeedback::parse(data.freeze());
+        assert_eq!(rf, rf_parsed);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_replication_feedback_unknown_key() {
         let mut rf = PageserverFeedback::empty();