The comment was incorrect, claiming that ZTimelineId is a 32-byte value.
It is actually 16 bytes wide. While we're at it, improve the comment,
explaining what a zenith timeline is, and why it's different from
PostgreSQL timelines.
This replaces the page server's "datadir" concept. The Page Server now
always works with a "Zenith Repository". When you initialize a new
repository with "zenith init", it runs initdb and loads an initial
basebackup of the freshly-created cluster into the repository, on "main"
branch. Repository can hold multiple "timelines", which can be given
human-friendly names, making them "branches". One page server simultaneously
serves all timelines stored in the repository, and you can have multiple
Postgres compute nodes connected to the page server, as long they all
operate on a different timeline.
There is a new command "zenith branch", which can be used to fork off
new branches from existing branches.
The repository uses the directory layout desribed as Repository format
v1 in https://github.com/zenithdb/rfcs/pull/5. It it *highly* inefficient:
- we never create new snapshots. So in practice, it's really just a base
backup of the initial empty cluster, and everything else is reconstructed
by redoing all WAL
- when you create a new timeline, the base snapshot and *all* WAL is copied
from the new timeline to the new one. There is no smarts about
referencing the old snapshots/wal from the ancestor timeline.
To support all this, this commit includes a bunch of other changes:
- Implement "basebackup" funtionality in page server. When you initialize
a new compute node with "zenith pg create", it connects to the page
server, and requests a base backup of the Postgres data directory on
that timeline. (the base backup excludes user tables, so it's not
as bad as it sounds).
- Have page server's WAL receiver write the WAL into timeline dir. This
allows running a Page Server and Compute Nodes without a WAL safekeeper,
until we get around to integrate that properly into the system. (Even
after we integrate WAL safekeeper, this is perhaps how this will operate
when you want to run the system on your laptop.)
- restore_datadir.rs was renamed to restore_local_repo.rs, and heavily
modified to use the new format. It now also restores all WAL.
- Page server no longer scans and restores everything into memory at startup.
Instead, when the first request is made for a timeline, the timeline is
slurped into memory at that point.
- The responsibility for telling page server to "callmemaybe" was moved
into Postgres libpqpagestore code. Also, WAL producer connstring cannot
be specified in the pageserver's command line anymore.
- Having multiple "system identifiers" in the same page server is no
longer supported. I repurposed much of that code to support multiple
timelines, instead.
- Implemented very basic, incomplete, support for PostgreSQL's Extended
Query Protocol in page_service.rs. Turns out that rust-postgres'
copy_out() function always uses the extended query protocol to send
out the command, and I'm using that to stream the base backup from the
page server.
TODO: I haven't fixed the WAL safekeeper for this scheme, so all the
integration tests involving safekeepers are failing. My plan is to modify
the safekeeper to know about Zenith timelines, too, and modify it to work
with the same Zenith repository format. It only needs to care about the
'.zenith/timelines/<timeline>/wal' directories.
