This is a backwards-incompatible change. The new pageserver cannot
read repositories created with an old pageserver binary, or vice
versa.
Simplify Repository to a value-store
------------------------------------
Move the responsibility of tracking relation metadata, like which
relations exist and what are their sizes, from Repository to a new
module, pgdatadir_mapping.rs. The interface to Repository is now a
simple key-value PUT/GET operations.
It's still not any old key-value store though. A Repository is still
responsible from handling branching, and every GET operation comes
with an LSN.
Mapping from Postgres data directory to keys/values
---------------------------------------------------
All the data is now stored in the key-value store. The
'pgdatadir_mapping.rs' module handles mapping from PostgreSQL objects
like relation pages and SLRUs, to key-value pairs.
The key to the Repository key-value store is a Key struct, which
consists of a few integer fields. It's wide enough to store a full
RelFileNode, fork and block number, and to distinguish those from
metadata keys.
'pgdatadir_mapping.rs' is also responsible for maintaining a
"partitioning" of the keyspace. Partitioning means splitting the
keyspace so that each partition holds a roughly equal number of keys.
The partitioning is used when new image layer files are created, so
that each image layer file is roughly the same size.
The partitioning is also responsible for reclaiming space used by
deleted keys. The Repository implementation doesn't have any explicit
support for deleting keys. Instead, the deleted keys are simply
omitted from the partitioning, and when a new image layer is created,
the omitted keys are not copied over to the new image layer. We might
want to implement tombstone keys in the future, to reclaim space
faster, but this will work for now.
Changes to low-level layer file code
------------------------------------
The concept of a "segment" is gone. Each layer file can now store an
arbitrary range of Keys.
Checkpointing, compaction
-------------------------
The background tasks are somewhat different now. Whenever
checkpoint_distance is reached, the WAL receiver thread "freezes" the
current in-memory layer, and creates a new one. This is a quick
operation and doesn't perform any I/O yet. It then launches a
background "layer flushing thread" to write the frozen layer to disk,
as a new L0 delta layer. This mechanism takes care of durability. It
replaces the checkpointing thread.
Compaction is a new background operation that takes a bunch of L0
delta layers, and reshuffles the data in them. It runs in a separate
compaction thread.
Deployment
----------
This also contains changes to the ansible scripts that enable having
multiple different pageservers running at the same time in the staging
environment. We will use that to keep an old version of the pageserver
running, for clusters created with the old version, at the same time
with a new pageserver with the new binary.
Author: Heikki Linnakangas
Author: Konstantin Knizhnik <knizhnik@zenith.tech>
Author: Andrey Taranik <andrey@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Matthias Van De Meent <matthias@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Bojan Serafimov <bojan@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Konstantin Knizhnik <knizhnik@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Anton Shyrabokau <antons@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Dhammika Pathirana <dham@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Bulatov <kirill@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Anastasia Lubennikova <anastasia@zenith.tech>
Reviewed-by: Alexey Kondratov <alexey@zenith.tech>
* Add --id argument to safekeeper setting its unique u64 id.
In preparation for storage node messaging. IDs are supposed to be monotonically
assigned by the console. In tests it is issued by ZenithEnv; at the zenith cli
level and fixtures, string name is completely replaced by integer id. Example
TOML configs are adjusted accordingly.
Sequential ids are chosen over Zid mainly because they are compact and easy to
type/remember.
* add node id to pageserver
This adds node id parameter to pageserver configuration. Also I use a
simple builder to construct pageserver config struct to avoid setting
node id to some temporary invalid value. Some of the changes in test
fixtures are needed to split init and start operations for envrionment.
Co-authored-by: Arseny Sher <sher-ars@yandex.ru>
Now zenith_cli handles wal_acceptors config internally, and if we
will append wal_acceptors to postgresql.conf in python tests, then
it will contain duplicate wal_acceptors config.
This patch includes attach/detach http endpoints in pageservers. Some
changes in callmemaybe handling inside safekeeper and an integrational
test to check migration with and without load. There are still some
rough edges that will be addressed in follow up patches
Mainly because it has better support for installing the packages from
different python versions.
It also has better dependency resolver than Pipenv. And supports modern
standard for python dependency management. This includes usage of
pyproject.toml for project specific configuration instead of per
tool conf files. See following links for details:
https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/build-system/pyproject-toml/https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/
This patch introduces fixes for several problems affecting
LLVM-based code coverage:
* Daemonizing parent processes should call _exit() to prevent
coverage data file corruption (*.profraw) due to concurrent writes.
* Implement proper shutdown handlers in safekeeper.
This introduces new timeline field latest_gc_cutoff. It is updated
before each gc iteration. New check is added to branch_timelines to
prevent branch creation with start point less than latest_gc_cutoff.
Also this adds a check to get_page_at_lsn which asserts that lsn at
which the page is requested was not garbage collected. This check
currently is triggered for readonly nodes which are pinned to specific
lsn and because they are not tracked in pageserver garbage collection
can remove data that still might be referenced. This is a bug and will
be fixed separately.
tests are based on self-hosted runner which is physically close
to our staging deployment in aws, currently tests consist of
various configurations of pgbenchi runs.
Also these changes rework benchmark fixture by removing globals and
allowing to collect reports with desired metrics and dump them to json
for further analysis. This is also applicable to usual performance tests
which use local zenith binaries.
This calculation is not that heavy but it is needed only in tests, and
in case the number of tenants/timelines is high the calculation can take
noticeable time.
Resolves https://github.com/zenithdb/zenith/issues/804
The 'zenith' CLI utility can now be used to launch safekeepers. By
default, one safekeeper is configured. There are new 'safekeeper
start/stop' subcommands to manage the safekeepers. Each safekeeper is
given a name that can be used to identify the safekeeper to start/stop
with the 'zenith start/stop' commands. The safekeeper data is stored
in '.zenith/safekeepers/<name>'.
The 'zenith start' command now starts the pageserver and also all
safekeepers. 'zenith stop' stops pageserver, all safekeepers, and all
postgres nodes.
Introduce new 'zenith pageserver start/stop' subcommands for
starting/stopping just the page server.
The biggest change here is to the 'zenith init' command. This adds a
new 'zenith init --config=<path to toml file>' option. It takes a toml
config file that describes the environment. In the config file, you
can specify options for the pageserver, like the pg and http ports,
and authentication. For each safekeeper, you can define a name and the
pg and http ports. If you don't use the --config option, you get a
default configuration with a pageserver and one safekeeper. Note that
that's different from the previous default of no safekeepers. Any
fields that are omitted in the configuration file are filled with
defaults. You can also specify the initial tenant ID in the config
file. A couple of sample config files are added in the control_plane/
directory.
The --pageserver-pg-port, --pageserver-http-port, and
--pageserver-auth options to 'zenith init' are removed. Use a config
file instead.
Finally, change the python test fixtures to use the new 'zenith'
commands and the config file to describe the environment.
We've seen some failures with "Address already in use" errors in the
tests. It's not clear why, perhaps some server processes are not cleaned
up properly after test, or maybe the socket is still in TIME_WAIT state.
In any case, let's make the tests more robust by checking that the port
is free, before trying to use it.
Instead of having a lot of separate fixtures for setting up the page
server, the compute nodes, the safekeepers etc., have one big ZenithEnv
object that encapsulates the whole environment. Every test either uses
a shared "zenith_simple_env" fixture, which contains the default setup
of a pageserver with no authentication, and no safekeepers. Tests that
want to use safekeepers or authentication set up a custom test-specific
ZenithEnv fixture.
Gathering information about the whole environment into one object makes
some things simpler. For example, when a new compute node is created,
you no longer need to pass the 'wal_acceptors' connection string as
argument to the 'postgres.create_start' function. The 'create_start'
function fetches that information directly from the ZenithEnv object.
