Right now we only support running one reconciliation per safekeeper.
This is of course usually way below of what a safekeeper can do.
Therefore, introduce a semaphore and spawn the tasks asynchronously as
they come in.
Part of #11670
## Problem
Broker supports only HTTP, no HTTPS
- Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/27492
## Summary of changes
- Add `listen_https_addr`, `ssl_key_file`, `ssl_cert_file`,
`ssl_cert_reload_period` arguments to storage broker
- Make `listen_addr` argument optional
- Listen https in storage broker
- Support https for storage broker request in neon_local
- Add `use_https_storage_broker_api` option to NeonEnvBuilder
We have already migrated the storage controller to
`--control-plane-url`, added in #11173. The new param was added to
support also safekeeper specific endpoints. See the docs changes in
#11195 for further details.
Part of #11163
## Problem
We need to export some metrics about certs/connections to configure
alerts and make sure that all HTTP requests are gone before turning
https-only mode on.
- Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/25526
## Summary of changes
- Add started connection and connection error metrics to http/https
Server.
- Add certificate expiration time and reload metrics to
ReloadingCertificateResolver.
We keep the practice of keeping the compiler up to date, pointing to the
latest release. This is done by many other projects in the Rust
ecosystem as well.
[Announcement blog
post](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/04/03/Rust-1.86.0.html).
Prior update was in #10914.
## Problem
In #11122, we changed the autosplit behavior to allow repeated and
initial splits. The defaults were set such that they retain the current
production settings (8 shards at 64 GB). However, these defaults don't
really make sense by themselves.
Once we deploy new settings to production, we should change the defaults
to something more reasonable.
## Summary of changes
Changes the following default settings:
* `max_split_shards`: 8 → 16
* `initial_split_threshold`: 64 GB → disabled
* `initial_split_shards`: 8 → 2
## Problem
While working on bulk import, I want to use the `control-plane-url` flag
for a different request.
Currently, the local compute hook is used whenever no control plane is
specified in the config.
My test requires local compute notifications and a configured
`control-plane-url` which isn't supported.
## Summary of changes
Add a `use-local-compute-notifications` flag. When this is set, we use
the local flow regardless of other config values.
It's enabled by default in neon_local and disabled by default in all
other envs. I had to turn the flag off in tests
that wish to bypass the local flow, but that's expected.
---------
Co-authored-by: Arpad Müller <arpad-m@users.noreply.github.com>
## Problem
- We need to support multiple SSL CA certificates for graceful root CA
certificate rotation.
- Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/25971
## Summary of changes
- Parses `ssl_ca_file` as a pem bundle, which may contain multiple
certificates. Single pem cert is a valid pem bundle, so the change is
backward compatible.
## Problem
SSL certs are loaded only during start up. It doesn't allow the rotation
of short-lived certificates without server restart.
- Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/25525
## Summary of changes
- Implement `ReloadingCertificateResolver` which reloads certificates
from disk periodically.
## Problem
Currently, we only split tenants into 8 shards once, at the 64 GB split
threshold. For very large tenants, we need to keep splitting to avoid
huge shards. And we also want to eagerly split at a lower threshold to
improve throughput during initial ingestion.
See
https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/22532#issuecomment-2706215907
for details.
Touches https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/22532.
Requires #11157.
## Summary of changes
This adds parameters and logic to enable repeated splits when a tenant's
largest timeline divided by shard count exceeds `split_threshold`, as
well as eager initial splits at a lower threshold to speed up initial
ingestion. The default parameters are all set such that they retain the
current behavior in production (only split into 8 shards once, at 64
GB).
* `split_threshold` now specifies a maximum shard size. When a shard
exceeds it, all tenant shards are split by powers of 2 such that all
tenant shards fall below `split_threshold`. Disabled by default, like
today.
* Add `max_split_shards` to specify a max shard count for autosplits.
Defaults to 8 to retain current behavior.
* Add `initial_split_threshold` and `initial_split_shards` to specify a
threshold and target count for eager splits of unsharded tenants.
Defaults to 64 GB and 8 shards to retain current production behavior.
Because this PR sets `initial_split_threshold` to 64 GB by default, it
has the effect of enabling autosplits by default. This was not the case
previously, since `split_threshold` defaults to None, but it is already
enabled across production and staging. This is temporary until we
complete the production rollout.
For more details, see code comments.
This must wait until #11157 has been deployed to Pageservers.
Once this has been deployed to production, we plan to change the
parameters to:
* `split-threshold`: 256 GB
* `initial-split-threshold`: 16 GB
* `initial-split-shards`: 4
* `max-split-shards`: 16
The final split points will thus be:
* Start: 1 shard
* 16 GB: 4 shards
* 1 TB: 8 shards
* 2 TB: 16 shards
We will then change the default settings to be disabled by default.
---------
Co-authored-by: John Spray <john@neon.tech>
## Problem
Pageservers use unencrypted HTTP requests for storage controller API.
- Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/25524
## Summary of changes
- Replace hyper0::server::Server with http_utils::server::Server in
storage controller.
- Add HTTPS handler for storage controller API.
- Support `ssl_ca_file` in pageserver.
This PR extends the storcon with basic safekeeper management of
timelines, mainly timeline creation and deletion. We want to make the
storcon manage safekeepers in the future. Timeline creation is
controlled by the `--timelines-onto-safekeepers` flag.
1. it adds the `timelines` and `safekeeper_timeline_pending_ops` tables
to the storcon db
2. extend code for the timeline creation and deletion
4. it adds per-safekeeper reconciler tasks
TODO:
* maybe not immediately schedule reconciliations for deletions but have
a prior manual step
* tenant deletions
* add exclude API definitions (probably separate PR)
* how to choose safekeeper to do exclude on vs deletion? this can be a
bit hairy because the safekeeper might go offline in the meantime.
* error/failure case handling
* tests (cc test_explicit_timeline_creation from #11002)
* single safekeeper mode: we often only have one SK (in tests for
example)
* `notify-safekeepers` hook:
https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/11163
TODOs implemented:
* cancellations of enqueued reconciliations on a per-timeline basis,
helpful if there is an ongoing deletion
* implement pending ops overwrite behavior
* load pending operations from db
RFC section for important reading:
[link](https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/blob/main/docs/rfcs/035-safekeeper-dynamic-membership-change.md#storage_controller-implementation)
Implements the bulk of #9011
Successor of #10440.
---------
Co-authored-by: Arseny Sher <sher-ars@yandex.ru>
## Problem
Storage controller uses http for requests to safekeeper management API.
Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/24835
## Summary of changes
- Add `use_https_safekeeper_api` option to storcon to use https api
- Use https for requests to safekeeper management API if this option is
enabled
- Add `ssl_ca_file` option to storcon for ability to specify custom root
CA certificate
We have introduced the ability to specify safekeeper JWTs for the
storage controller. It now does heartbeats. We now want to also require
the presence of those JWTs.
Let's merge this PR shortly after the release cutoff.
Part of / follow-up of
https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/24727
## Problem
Incoming requests often take the service lock, and sometimes even do
database transactions. That creates a risk that a rogue client can
starve the controller of the ability to do its primary job of
reconciling tenants to an available state.
## Summary of changes
* Use the `governor` crate to rate limit tenant requests at 10 requests
per second. This is ~10-100x lower than the worst "attack" we've seen
from a client bug. Admin APIs are not rate limited.
* Add a `storage_controller_http_request_rate_limited` histogram for
rate limited requests.
* Log a warning every 10 seconds for rate limited tenants.
The rate limiter is parametrized on TenantId, because the kinds of
client bug we're protecting against generally happen within tenant
scope, and the rates should be somewhat stable: we expect the global
rate of requests to increase as we do more work, but we do not expect
the rate of requests to one tenant to increase.
---------
Co-authored-by: John Spray <john@neon.tech>
## Problem
JWT tokens aren't in place, so all SK heartbeats fail. This is
equivalent to a wait before applying the PS heartbeats and makes things
more flaky.
## Summary of Changes
Add a flag that skips loading SKs from the db on start-up and at
runtime.
Updates storage components to edition 2024. We like to stay on the
latest edition if possible. There is no functional changes, however some
code changes had to be done to accommodate the edition's breaking
changes.
The PR has two commits:
* the first commit updates storage crates to edition 2024 and appeases
`cargo clippy` by changing code. i have accidentially ran the formatter
on some files that had other edits.
* the second commit performs a `cargo fmt`
I would recommend a closer review of the first commit and a less close
review of the second one (as it just runs `cargo fmt`).
part of https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/10918
## Problem
close https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/24485
## Summary of changes
This patch adds a new chaos injection mode for the storcon. The chaos
injector reads the crontab and exits immediately at the configured time.
---------
Signed-off-by: Alex Chi Z <chi@neon.tech>
Safekeepers only respond to requests with the per-token scope, or the
`safekeeperdata` JWT scope. Therefore, add infrastructure in the storage
controller for safekeeper JWTs. Also, rename the ambiguous `jwt_token`
to `pageserver_jwt_token`.
Part of #9011
Related: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/24727
## Problem
Storage controller uses unsecure http for pageserver API.
Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/23734
Closes: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/24091
## Summary of changes
- Add an optional `listen_https_port` field to storage controller's Node
state and its API (RegisterNode/ListNodes/etc).
- Allow updating `listen_https_port` on node registration to gradually
add https port for all nodes.
- Add `use_https_pageserver_api` CLI option to storage controller to
enable https.
- Pageserver doesn't support https for now and always reports
`https_port=None`. This will be addressed in follow-up PR.
## Problem
We'd like to enable CPU/heap profiling for storcon. This requires
jemalloc.
## Summary of changes
Use jemalloc as the global allocator, and enable heap sampling for
profiling.
## Problem
Some situations may produce a large number of pending reconciles. If we
experience an issue where reconciles are processed more slowly than
expected, that can prevent us responding promptly to user requests like
tenant/timeline CRUD.
This is a cleaner implementation of the hotfix in
https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/10815
## Summary of changes
- Introduce a second semaphore for high priority tasks, with
configurable units (default 256). The intent is that in practical
situations these user-facing requests should never have to wait.
- Use the high priority semaphore for: tenant/timeline CRUD, and shard
splitting operations. Use normal priority for everything else.
Avoids compiling the crate and its dependencies into binaries that don't
need them. Shrinks the compute_ctl binary from about 31MB to 28MB in the
release-line-debug-size-lto profile.
Successor of #10280 after it was reverted in #10592.
Re-introduce the usage of diesel-async again, but now also add TLS
support so that we connect to the storcon database using TLS. By
default, diesel-async doesn't support TLS, so add some code to make us
explicitly request TLS.
cc https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/23583
Switches the storcon away from using diesel's synchronous APIs in favour
of `diesel-async`.
Advantages:
* less C dependencies, especially no openssl, which might be behind the
bug: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/21010
* Better to only have async than mix of async plus `spawn_blocking`
We had to turn off usage of the connection pool for migrations, as
diesel migrations don't support async APIs. Thus we still use
`spawn_blocking` in that one place. But this is explicitly done in one
of the `diesel-async` examples.
Follow-up of #9234 to give hyper 1.0 the version-free name, and the
legacy version of hyper the one with the version number inside. As we
move away from hyper 0.14, we can remove the `hyper0` name piece by
piece.
Part of #9255
## Problem
We don't have an alert for long running reconciles. Stuck reconciles are
problematic
as we've seen in a recent incident.
## Summary of changes
Add a new metric `storage_controller_reconcile_long_running_total` with
labels: `{tenant_id, shard_number, seq}`.
The metric is removed after the long running reconcile finishes. These
events should be rare, so we won't break
the bank on cardinality.
Related https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/9150
## Problem
Each test might wait for up to 5s in order to HB the pageserver.
## Summary of changes
Make the heartbeat interval configurable and use a really tight one for
neon local => startup quicker
## Problem
Storage controllers did not have the right token to speak to their peers
for leadership transitions.
## Summary of changes
Accept a peer jwt token for the storage controller.
Epic: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/14701
## Problem
Previously, we would run db migrations before doing the step-down
sequence. This meant that the current leader would have to deal with
the schema changes and that's generally not safe.
## Summary of changes
Push the step-down procedure earlier in start-up and
do db migrations right after it (but before we load-up the in-memory
state from the db).
Epic: https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/issues/14701
## Problem
Storage controller restarts cause temporary unavailability from the
control plane POV. See RFC for more details.
## Summary of changes
* A couple of small refactors of the storage controller start-up
sequence to make extending it easier.
* A leader table is added to track the storage controller instance
that's currently the leader (if any)
* A peer client is added such that storage controllers can send
`step_down` requests to each other (implemented in
https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/8512).
* Implement the leader cut-over as described in the RFC
* Add `start-as-candidate` flag to the storage controller to gate the
rolling restart behaviour. When the flag is `false` (the default), the
only change from the current start-up sequence is persisting the leader
entry to the database.
## Problem
Migrations of tenant shards with cold secondaries are holding up drains
in during production deployments.
## Summary of changes
If a secondary locations is lagging by more than 256MiB (configurable,
but that's the default), then skip cutting it over to the secondary as part of the node drain.
Chaos injection bridges the gap between automated testing (where we do
lots of different things with small, short-lived tenants), and staging
(where we do many fewer things, but with larger, long-lived tenants).
This PR adds a first type of chaos which isn't really very chaotic: it's
live migration of tenants between healthy pageservers. This nevertheless
provides continuous checks that things like clean, prompt shutdown of
tenants works for realistically deployed pageservers with realistically
large tenants.
## Problem
Re-attach blocks the pageserver http server from starting up. Hence, it
can't reply to heartbeats
until that's done. This makes the storage controller mark the node
off-line (not good). We worked
around this by setting the interval after which nodes are marked offline
to 5 minutes. This isn't a
long term solution.
## Summary of changes
* Introduce a new `NodeAvailability` state: `WarmingUp`. This state
models the following time interval:
* From receiving the re-attach request until the pageserver replies to
the first heartbeat post re-attach
* The heartbeat delta generator becomes aware of this state and uses a
separate longer interval
* Flag `max-warming-up-interval` now models the longer timeout and
`max-offline-interval` the shorter one to
match the names of the states
Closes https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/7552
## Problem
After a shard split, the pageserver leaves the ancestor shard's content
in place. It may be referenced by child shards, but eventually child
shards will de-reference most ancestor layers as they write their own
data and do GC. We would like to eventually clean up those ancestor
layers to reclaim space.
## Summary of changes
- Extend the physical GC command with `--mode=full`, which includes
cleaning up unreferenced ancestor shard layers
- Add test `test_scrubber_physical_gc_ancestors`
- Remove colored log output: in testing this is irritating ANSI code
spam in logs, and in interactive use doesn't add much.
- Refactor storage controller API client code out of storcon_client into
a `storage_controller/client` crate
- During physical GC of ancestors, call into the storage controller to
check that the latest shards seen in S3 reflect the latest state of the
tenant, and there is no shard split in progress.
When `NeonEnv.from_repo_dir` was introduced, storage controller stored
its
state exclusively `attachments.json`.
Since then, it has moved to using Postgres, which stores its state in
`storage_controller_db`.
But `NeonEnv.from_repo_dir` wasn't adjusted to do this.
This PR rectifies the situation.
Context for this is failures in
`test_pageserver_characterize_throughput_with_n_tenants`
CF:
https://neondb.slack.com/archives/C033RQ5SPDH/p1721035799502239?thread_ts=1720901332.293769&cid=C033RQ5SPDH
Notably, `from_repo_dir` is also used by the backwards- and
forwards-compatibility.
Thus, the changes in this PR affect those tests as well.
However, it turns out that the compatibility snapshot already contains
the `storage_controller_db`.
Thus, it should just work and in fact we can remove hacks like
`fixup_storage_controller`.
Follow-ups created as part of this work:
* https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/8399
* https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/8400
Before this PR, storage controller and broker would run in the
PWD of neon_local, i.e., most likely the checkout of neon.git.
With this PR, the shared infrastructure for background processes
sets the PWD.
Benefits:
* easy listing of processes in a repo dir using `lsof`, see added
comment in the code
* coredumps go in the right directory (next to the process)
* generally matching common expectations, I think
Changes:
* set the working directory in `background_process` module
* drive-by: fix reliance of storage_controller on NEON_REPO_DIR being
set by neon_local for the local compute hook to work correctly
## Problem
Currently tenants are only split into multiple shards if a human being
calls the API to do it.
Issue: #7388
## Summary of changes
- Add a pageserver API for returning the top tenants by size
- Add a step to the controller's background loop where if there is no
reconciliation or optimization to be done, it looks for things to split.
- Add a test that runs pgbench on many tenants concurrently, and checks
that splitting happens as expected as tenants grow, without interrupting
the client I/O.
This PR is quite basic: there is a tasklist in
https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/7388 for further work. This
PR is meant to be safe (off by default), and sufficient to enable our
staging environment to run lots of sharded tenants without a human
having to set them up.
This allows passing a humantime string in the CLI to configure the
initial wait for the database.
It defaults to the previously hard-coded value of 5 seconds.
## Problem
Storage controller memory can spike very high if we have many tenants
and they all try to reconcile at the same time.
Related:
- https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/7463
- https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/issues/7460
Not closing those issues in this PR, because the test coverage for them
will be in https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/7475
## Summary of changes
- Add a CLI arg `--reconciler-concurrency`, defaulted to 128
- Add a semaphore to Service with this many units
- In `maybe_reconcile_shard`, try to acquire semaphore unit. If we can't
get one, return a ReconcileWaiter for a future sequence number, and push
the TenantShardId onto a channel of delayed IDs.
- In `process_result`, consume from the channel of delayed IDs if there
are semaphore units available and call maybe_reconcile_shard again for
these delayed shards.
This has been tested in https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/7475,
but will land that PR separately because it contains other changes &
needs the test stabilizing. This change is worth merging sooner, because
it fixes a practical issue with larger shard counts.
## Problem
In some dev/test environments, there aren't health checks to guarantee
the database is available before starting the controller. This creates
friction for the developer.
## Summary of changes
- Wait up to 5 seconds for the database to become available on startup
## Problem
Some awkwardness in the measured API.
Missing process metrics.
## Summary of changes
Update measured to use the new convenience setup features.
Added measured-process lib.
Added measured support for libmetrics
The binary etc were renamed some time ago, but the path in the source
tree remained "attachment_service" to avoid disruption to ongoing PRs.
There aren't any big PRs out right now, so it's a good time to cut over.
- Rename `attachment_service` to `storage_controller`
- Move it to the top level for symmetry with `storage_broker` & to avoid
mixing the non-prod neon_local stuff (`control_plane/`) with the storage
controller which is a production component.
