Add script export_import_betwen_pageservers.py to migrate projects between pageservers

See github issues #1594 and #1690

Co-authored-by: Konstantin Knizhnik <knizhnik@neon.tech>

.circleci/ansible/ansible.cfg

@@ -6,5 +6,7 @@ timeout = 30
 
 [ssh_connection]
 ssh_args   = -F ./ansible.ssh.cfg
-scp_if_ssh = True
+# teleport doesn't support sftp yet https://github.com/gravitational/teleport/issues/7127
+# and scp neither worked for me
+transfer_method = piped
 pipelining = True

.circleci/ansible/ansible.ssh.cfg

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Remove this once https://github.com/gravitational/teleport/issues/10918 is fixed
+# (use pre 8.5 option name to cope with old ssh in CI)
+PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes +ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com
+
 Host tele.zenith.tech
     User admin
     Port 3023

.circleci/ansible/production.hosts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ pageservers
 safekeepers
 
 [storage:vars]
+env_name = prod-1
 console_mgmt_base_url = http://console-release.local
 bucket_name           = zenith-storage-oregon
 bucket_region         = us-west-2

.circleci/ansible/staging.hosts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ pageservers
 safekeepers
 
 [storage:vars]
+env_name = us-stage
 console_mgmt_base_url = http://console-staging.local
 bucket_name           = zenith-staging-storage-us-east-1
 bucket_region         = us-east-1

.circleci/ansible/systemd/safekeeper.service

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ After=network.target auditd.service
 Type=simple
 User=safekeeper
 Environment=RUST_BACKTRACE=1 NEON_REPO_DIR=/storage/safekeeper/data LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
-ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/safekeeper -l {{ inventory_hostname }}.local:6500 --listen-http {{ inventory_hostname }}.local:7676 -p {{ first_pageserver }}:6400 -D /storage/safekeeper/data --broker-endpoints={{ etcd_endpoints }} --remote-storage='{bucket_name="{{bucket_name}}", bucket_region="{{bucket_region}}", prefix_in_bucket="wal"}'
+ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/safekeeper -l {{ inventory_hostname }}.local:6500 --listen-http {{ inventory_hostname }}.local:7676 -D /storage/safekeeper/data --broker-endpoints={{ etcd_endpoints }} --remote-storage='{bucket_name="{{bucket_name}}", bucket_region="{{bucket_region}}", prefix_in_bucket="{{ env_name }}/wal"}'
 ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
 KillMode=mixed
 KillSignal=SIGINT

.github/workflows/pg_clients.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+name: Test Postgres client libraries
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    # * is a special character in YAML so you have to quote this string
+    #          ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
+    #          │ ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
+    #          │ │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
+    #          │ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
+    #          │ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
+    - cron:  '23 02 * * *' # run once a day, timezone is utc
+
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+   cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test-postgres-client-libs:
+    runs-on: [ ubuntu-latest ]
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+
+    - name: Install Poetry
+      uses: snok/install-poetry@v1
+
+    - name: Cache poetry deps
+      id: cache_poetry
+      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      with:
+        path: ~/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs
+        key: v1-${{ runner.os }}-python-deps-${{ hashFiles('poetry.lock') }}
+
+    - name: Install Python deps
+      shell: bash -ex {0}
+      run: ./scripts/pysync
+
+    - name: Run pytest
+      env:
+        REMOTE_ENV: 1
+        BENCHMARK_CONNSTR: "${{ secrets.BENCHMARK_STAGING_CONNSTR }}"
+        TEST_OUTPUT: /tmp/test_output
+        POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR: /tmp/neon/pg_install
+        # this variable will be embedded in perf test report
+        # and is needed to distinguish different environments
+        PLATFORM: github-actions-selfhosted
+      shell: bash -ex {0}
+      run: |
+        # Test framework expects we have psql binary;
+        # but since we don't really need it in this test, let's mock it
+        mkdir -p "$POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR/bin" && touch "$POSTGRES_DISTRIB_DIR/bin/psql";
+        ./scripts/pytest \
+          --junitxml=$TEST_OUTPUT/junit.xml \
+          --tb=short \
+          --verbose \
+          -m "remote_cluster" \
+          -rA "test_runner/pg_clients"
+
+    - name: Post to a Slack channel
+      if: failure()
+      id: slack
+      uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
+      with:
+        channel-id: "C033QLM5P7D" # dev-staging-stream
+        slack-message: "Testing Postgres clients: ${{ job.status }}\n${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+      env:
+        SLACK_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}

Cargo.lock

@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tar",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-postgres",
- "urlencoding",
+ "url",
  "workspace_hack",
 ]
 
@@ -3685,12 +3685,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "urlencoding"
-version = "2.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68b90931029ab9b034b300b797048cf23723400aa757e8a2bfb9d748102f9821"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "utils"
 version = "0.1.0"

compute_tools/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ serde_json = "1"
 tar = "0.4"
 tokio = { version = "1.17", features = ["macros", "rt", "rt-multi-thread"] }
 tokio-postgres = { git = "https://github.com/zenithdb/rust-postgres.git", rev="d052ee8b86fff9897c77b0fe89ea9daba0e1fa38" }
-urlencoding = "2.1.0"
+url = "2.2.2"
 workspace_hack = { version = "0.1", path = "../workspace_hack" }

compute_tools/src/bin/compute_ctl.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use std::process::exit;
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use std::{thread, time::Duration};
 
-use anyhow::Result;
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use chrono::Utc;
 use clap::Arg;
 use log::{error, info};
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ use compute_tools::monitor::launch_monitor;
 use compute_tools::params::*;
 use compute_tools::pg_helpers::*;
 use compute_tools::spec::*;
+use url::Url;
 
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     // TODO: re-use `utils::logging` later
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let compute_state = ComputeNode {
         start_time: Utc::now(),
-        connstr: connstr.to_string(),
+        connstr: Url::parse(connstr).context("cannot parse connstr as a URL")?,
         pgdata: pgdata.to_string(),
         pgbin: pgbin.to_string(),
         spec,

compute_tools/src/checker.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use log::error;
 use postgres::Client;
@@ -23,9 +21,8 @@ pub fn create_writablity_check_data(client: &mut Client) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub async fn check_writability(compute: &Arc<ComputeNode>) -> Result<()> {
+pub async fn check_writability(compute: &ComputeNode) -> Result<()> {
-    let connstr = &compute.connstr;
+    let (client, connection) = tokio_postgres::connect(compute.connstr.as_str(), NoTls).await?;
-    let (client, connection) = tokio_postgres::connect(connstr, NoTls).await?;
     if client.is_closed() {
         return Err(anyhow!("connection to postgres closed"));
     }

compute_tools/src/compute.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ use crate::spec::*;
 /// Compute node info shared across several `compute_ctl` threads.
 pub struct ComputeNode {
     pub start_time: DateTime<Utc>,
-    pub connstr: String,
+    // Url type maintains proper escaping
+    pub connstr: url::Url,
     pub pgdata: String,
     pub pgbin: String,
     pub spec: ComputeSpec,
@@ -268,21 +269,25 @@ impl ComputeNode {
         // In this case we need to connect with old `zenith_admin`name
         // and create new user. We cannot simply rename connected user,
         // but we can create a new one and grant it all privileges.
-        let mut client = match Client::connect(&self.connstr, NoTls) {
+        let mut client = match Client::connect(self.connstr.as_str(), NoTls) {
             Err(e) => {
                 info!(
                     "cannot connect to postgres: {}, retrying with `zenith_admin` username",
                     e
                 );
-                let zenith_admin_connstr = self.connstr.replacen("cloud_admin", "zenith_admin", 1);
+                let mut zenith_admin_connstr = self.connstr.clone();
 
-                let mut client = Client::connect(&zenith_admin_connstr, NoTls)?;
+                zenith_admin_connstr
+                    .set_username("zenith_admin")
+                    .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!("invalid connstr"))?;
+
+                let mut client = Client::connect(zenith_admin_connstr.as_str(), NoTls)?;
                 client.simple_query("CREATE USER cloud_admin WITH SUPERUSER")?;
                 client.simple_query("GRANT zenith_admin TO cloud_admin")?;
                 drop(client);
 
                 // reconnect with connsting with expected name
-                Client::connect(&self.connstr, NoTls)?
+                Client::connect(self.connstr.as_str(), NoTls)?
             }
             Ok(client) => client,
         };

compute_tools/src/monitor.rs

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ const MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL: u64 = 500; // milliseconds
 // Spin in a loop and figure out the last activity time in the Postgres.
 // Then update it in the shared state. This function never errors out.
 // XXX: the only expected panic is at `RwLock` unwrap().
-fn watch_compute_activity(compute: &Arc<ComputeNode>) {
+fn watch_compute_activity(compute: &ComputeNode) {
     // Suppose that `connstr` doesn't change
-    let connstr = compute.connstr.clone();
+    let connstr = compute.connstr.as_str();
     // Define `client` outside of the loop to reuse existing connection if it's active.
-    let mut client = Client::connect(&connstr, NoTls);
+    let mut client = Client::connect(connstr, NoTls);
     let timeout = time::Duration::from_millis(MONITOR_CHECK_INTERVAL);
 
     info!("watching Postgres activity at {}", connstr);
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fn watch_compute_activity(compute: &Arc<ComputeNode>) {
                     info!("connection to postgres closed, trying to reconnect");
 
                     // Connection is closed, reconnect and try again.
-                    client = Client::connect(&connstr, NoTls);
+                    client = Client::connect(connstr, NoTls);
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ fn watch_compute_activity(compute: &Arc<ComputeNode>) {
                 debug!("cannot connect to postgres: {}, retrying", e);
 
                 // Establish a new connection and try again.
-                client = Client::connect(&connstr, NoTls);
+                client = Client::connect(connstr, NoTls);
             }
         }
     }

compute_tools/src/pg_helpers.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::fmt::Write;
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
 use std::net::{SocketAddr, TcpStream};
@@ -138,9 +139,11 @@ impl Role {
             // Now we also support SCRAM-SHA-256 and to preserve compatibility
             // we treat all encrypted_password as md5 unless they starts with SCRAM-SHA-256.
             if pass.starts_with("SCRAM-SHA-256") {
-                params.push_str(&format!(" PASSWORD '{}'", pass));
+                write!(params, " PASSWORD '{pass}'")
+                    .expect("String is documented to not to error during write operations");
             } else {
-                params.push_str(&format!(" PASSWORD 'md5{}'", pass));
+                write!(params, " PASSWORD 'md5{pass}'")
+                    .expect("String is documented to not to error during write operations");
             }
         } else {
             params.push_str(" PASSWORD NULL");
@@ -158,7 +161,8 @@ impl Database {
     /// it may require a proper quoting too.
     pub fn to_pg_options(&self) -> String {
         let mut params: String = self.options.as_pg_options();
-        params.push_str(&format!(" OWNER {}", &self.owner.quote()));
+        write!(params, " OWNER {}", &self.owner.quote())
+            .expect("String is documented to not to error during write operations");
 
         params
     }

compute_tools/src/spec.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use anyhow::Result;
 use log::{info, log_enabled, warn, Level};
 use postgres::{Client, NoTls};
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use urlencoding::encode;
 
 use crate::compute::ComputeNode;
 use crate::config;
@@ -231,9 +230,11 @@ pub fn handle_role_deletions(node: &ComputeNode, client: &mut Client) -> Result<
 fn reassign_owned_objects(node: &ComputeNode, role_name: &PgIdent) -> Result<()> {
     for db in &node.spec.cluster.databases {
         if db.owner != *role_name {
-            let db_name_encoded = format!("/{}", encode(&db.name));
+            let mut connstr = node.connstr.clone();
-            let db_connstr = node.connstr.replacen("/postgres", &db_name_encoded, 1);
+            // database name is always the last and the only component of the path
-            let mut client = Client::connect(&db_connstr, NoTls)?;
+            connstr.set_path(&db.name);
+
+            let mut client = Client::connect(connstr.as_str(), NoTls)?;
 
             // This will reassign all dependent objects to the db owner
             let reassign_query = format!(

control_plane/src/local_env.rs

@@ -403,16 +403,6 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                 self.pg_distrib_dir.display()
             );
         }
-        for binary in ["pageserver", "safekeeper"] {
-            if !self.zenith_distrib_dir.join(binary).exists() {
-                bail!(
-                    "Can't find binary '{}' in zenith distrib dir '{}'",
-                    binary,
-                    self.zenith_distrib_dir.display()
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
         for binary in ["pageserver", "safekeeper"] {
             if !self.zenith_distrib_dir.join(binary).exists() {
                 bail!(
@@ -421,12 +411,6 @@ impl LocalEnv {
                 );
             }
         }
-        if !self.pg_distrib_dir.join("bin/postgres").exists() {
-            bail!(
-                "Can't find postgres binary at {}",
-                self.pg_distrib_dir.display()
-            );
-        }
 
         fs::create_dir(&base_path)?;
 

pageserver/src/bin/pageserver.rs

@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@ fn start_pageserver(conf: &'static PageServerConf, daemonize: bool) -> Result<()
     // start profiler (if enabled)
     let profiler_guard = profiling::init_profiler(conf);
 
+    pageserver::tenant_tasks::init_tenant_task_pool()?;
+
     // initialize authentication for incoming connections
     let auth = match &conf.auth_type {
         AuthType::Trust | AuthType::MD5 => None,

pageserver/src/layered_repository.rs

@@ -158,6 +158,18 @@ pub struct LayeredRepository {
     // Global pageserver config parameters
     pub conf: &'static PageServerConf,
 
+    // Allows us to gracefully cancel operations that edit the directory
+    // that backs this layered repository. Usage:
+    //
+    // Use `let _guard = file_lock.try_read()` while writing any files.
+    // Use `let _guard = file_lock.write().unwrap()` to wait for all writes to finish.
+    //
+    // TODO try_read this lock during checkpoint as well to prevent race
+    //      between checkpoint and detach/delete.
+    // TODO try_read this lock for all gc/compaction operations, not just
+    //      ones scheduled by the tenant task manager.
+    pub file_lock: RwLock<()>,
+
     // Overridden tenant-specific config parameters.
     // We keep TenantConfOpt sturct here to preserve the information
     // about parameters that are not set.
@@ -685,6 +697,7 @@ impl LayeredRepository {
     ) -> LayeredRepository {
         LayeredRepository {
             tenant_id,
+            file_lock: RwLock::new(()),
             conf,
             tenant_conf: Arc::new(RwLock::new(tenant_conf)),
             timelines: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
@@ -1910,15 +1923,28 @@ impl LayeredTimeline {
                 } else {
                     Lsn(0)
                 };
+                // Let's consider an example:
+                //
+                // delta layer with LSN range 71-81
+                // delta layer with LSN range 81-91
+                // delta layer with LSN range 91-101
+                // image layer at LSN 100
+                //
+                // If 'lsn' is still 100, i.e. no new WAL has been processed since the last image layer,
+                // there's no need to create a new one. We check this case explicitly, to avoid passing
+                // a bogus range to count_deltas below, with start > end. It's even possible that there
+                // are some delta layers *later* than current 'lsn', if more WAL was processed and flushed
+                // after we read last_record_lsn, which is passed here in the 'lsn' argument.
+                if img_lsn < lsn {
+                    let num_deltas = layers.count_deltas(&img_range, &(img_lsn..lsn))?;
 
-                let num_deltas = layers.count_deltas(&img_range, &(img_lsn..lsn))?;
+                    debug!(
-
+                        "key range {}-{}, has {} deltas on this timeline in LSN range {}..{}",
-                debug!(
+                        img_range.start, img_range.end, num_deltas, img_lsn, lsn
-                    "range {}-{}, has {} deltas on this timeline",
+                    );
-                    img_range.start, img_range.end, num_deltas
+                    if num_deltas >= self.get_image_creation_threshold() {
-                );
+                        return Ok(true);
-                if num_deltas >= self.get_image_creation_threshold() {
+                    }
-                    return Ok(true);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2210,6 +2236,9 @@ impl LayeredTimeline {
                     LsnForTimestamp::Past(lsn) => {
                         debug!("past({})", lsn);
                     }
+                    LsnForTimestamp::NoData(lsn) => {
+                        debug!("nodata({})", lsn);
+                    }
                 }
                 debug!("pitr_cutoff_lsn = {:?}", pitr_cutoff_lsn)
             }

pageserver/src/layered_repository/blob_io.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub trait BlobCursor {
     ) -> Result<(), std::io::Error>;
 }
 
-impl<'a, R> BlobCursor for BlockCursor<R>
+impl<R> BlobCursor for BlockCursor<R>
 where
     R: BlockReader,
 {

pageserver/src/layered_repository/image_layer.rs

@@ -445,7 +445,10 @@ impl ImageLayerWriter {
             },
         );
         info!("new image layer {}", path.display());
-        let mut file = VirtualFile::create(&path)?;
+        let mut file = VirtualFile::open_with_options(
+            &path,
+            std::fs::OpenOptions::new().write(true).create_new(true),
+        )?;
         // make room for the header block
         file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(PAGE_SZ as u64))?;
         let blob_writer = WriteBlobWriter::new(file, PAGE_SZ as u64);

pageserver/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub mod repository;
 pub mod storage_sync;
 pub mod tenant_config;
 pub mod tenant_mgr;
-pub mod tenant_threads;
+pub mod tenant_tasks;
 pub mod thread_mgr;
 pub mod timelines;
 pub mod virtual_file;

pageserver/src/page_service.rs

@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ impl PageServerHandler {
         // Create empty timeline
         info!("creating new timeline");
         let repo = tenant_mgr::get_repository_for_tenant(tenant_id)?;
-        let timeline = repo.create_empty_timeline(timeline_id, Lsn(0))?;
+        let timeline = repo.create_empty_timeline(timeline_id, base_lsn)?;
         let repartition_distance = repo.get_checkpoint_distance();
         let mut datadir_timeline =
             DatadirTimeline::<LayeredRepository>::new(timeline, repartition_distance);
@@ -1151,6 +1151,7 @@ impl postgres_backend::Handler for PageServerHandler {
                 LsnForTimestamp::Present(lsn) => format!("{}", lsn),
                 LsnForTimestamp::Future(_lsn) => "future".into(),
                 LsnForTimestamp::Past(_lsn) => "past".into(),
+                LsnForTimestamp::NoData(_lsn) => "nodata".into(),
             };
             pgb.write_message_noflush(&BeMessage::DataRow(&[Some(result.as_bytes())]))?;
             pgb.write_message(&BeMessage::CommandComplete(b"SELECT 1"))?;

pageserver/src/pgdatadir_mapping.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ pub enum LsnForTimestamp {
     Present(Lsn),
     Future(Lsn),
     Past(Lsn),
+    NoData(Lsn),
 }
 
 impl<R: Repository> DatadirTimeline<R> {
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ impl<R: Repository> DatadirTimeline<R> {
             (false, false) => {
                 // This can happen if no commit records have been processed yet, e.g.
                 // just after importing a cluster.
-                bail!("no commit timestamps found");
+                Ok(LsnForTimestamp::NoData(max_lsn))
             }
             (true, false) => {
                 // Didn't find any commit timestamps larger than the request

pageserver/src/profiling.rs

@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ mod profiling_impl {
 
     pub struct DummyProfilerGuard;
 
+    impl Drop for DummyProfilerGuard {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            // do nothing, this exists to calm Clippy down
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn profpoint_start(
         _conf: &PageServerConf,
         _point: ProfilingConfig,

pageserver/src/tenant_mgr.rs

@@ -230,8 +230,6 @@ pub fn shutdown_all_tenants() {
     drop(m);
 
     thread_mgr::shutdown_threads(Some(ThreadKind::WalReceiverManager), None, None);
-    thread_mgr::shutdown_threads(Some(ThreadKind::GarbageCollector), None, None);
-    thread_mgr::shutdown_threads(Some(ThreadKind::Compactor), None, None);
 
     // Ok, no background threads running anymore. Flush any remaining data in
     // memory to disk.
@@ -330,44 +328,12 @@ pub fn set_tenant_state(tenant_id: ZTenantId, new_state: TenantState) -> anyhow:
         }
         (TenantState::Idle, TenantState::Active) => {
             info!("activating tenant {tenant_id}");
-            let compactor_spawn_result = thread_mgr::spawn(
-                ThreadKind::Compactor,
-                Some(tenant_id),
-                None,
-                "Compactor thread",
-                false,
-                move || crate::tenant_threads::compact_loop(tenant_id),
-            );
-            if compactor_spawn_result.is_err() {
-                let mut m = tenants_state::write_tenants();
-                m.get_mut(&tenant_id)
-                    .with_context(|| format!("Tenant not found for id {tenant_id}"))?
-                    .state = old_state;
-                drop(m);
-            }
-            compactor_spawn_result?;
 
-            let gc_spawn_result = thread_mgr::spawn(
+            // Spawn gc and compaction loops. The loops will shut themselves
-                ThreadKind::GarbageCollector,
+            // down when they notice that the tenant is inactive.
-                Some(tenant_id),
+            // TODO maybe use tokio::sync::watch instead?
-                None,
+            crate::tenant_tasks::start_compaction_loop(tenant_id)?;
-                "GC thread",
+            crate::tenant_tasks::start_gc_loop(tenant_id)?;
-                false,
-                move || crate::tenant_threads::gc_loop(tenant_id),
-            )
-            .map(|_thread_id| ()) // update the `Result::Ok` type to match the outer function's return signature
-            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to launch GC thread for tenant {tenant_id}"));
-
-            if let Err(e) = &gc_spawn_result {
-                let mut m = tenants_state::write_tenants();
-                m.get_mut(&tenant_id)
-                    .with_context(|| format!("Tenant not found for id {tenant_id}"))?
-                    .state = old_state;
-                drop(m);
-                error!("Failed to start GC thread for tenant {tenant_id}, stopping its checkpointer thread: {e:?}");
-                thread_mgr::shutdown_threads(Some(ThreadKind::Compactor), Some(tenant_id), None);
-                return gc_spawn_result;
-            }
         }
         (TenantState::Idle, TenantState::Stopping) => {
             info!("stopping idle tenant {tenant_id}");
@@ -379,8 +345,10 @@ pub fn set_tenant_state(tenant_id: ZTenantId, new_state: TenantState) -> anyhow:
                 Some(tenant_id),
                 None,
             );
-            thread_mgr::shutdown_threads(Some(ThreadKind::GarbageCollector), Some(tenant_id), None);
+
-            thread_mgr::shutdown_threads(Some(ThreadKind::Compactor), Some(tenant_id), None);
+            // Wait until all gc/compaction tasks finish
+            let repo = get_repository_for_tenant(tenant_id)?;
+            let _guard = repo.file_lock.write().unwrap();
         }
     }
 

pageserver/src/tenant_tasks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+//! This module contains functions to serve per-tenant background processes,
+//! such as compaction and GC
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use crate::repository::Repository;
+use crate::tenant_mgr::TenantState;
+use crate::thread_mgr::ThreadKind;
+use crate::{tenant_mgr, thread_mgr};
+use anyhow::{self, Context};
+use futures::stream::FuturesUnordered;
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use metrics::{register_int_counter_vec, IntCounterVec};
+use once_cell::sync::{Lazy, OnceCell};
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio::sync::watch;
+use tracing::*;
+use utils::zid::ZTenantId;
+
+static TENANT_TASK_EVENTS: Lazy<IntCounterVec> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_counter_vec!(
+        "pageserver_tenant_task_events",
+        "Number of task start/stop/fail events.",
+        &["event"],
+    )
+    .expect("Failed to register tenant_task_events metric")
+});
+
+///
+/// Compaction task's main loop
+///
+async fn compaction_loop(tenantid: ZTenantId, mut cancel: watch::Receiver<()>) {
+    loop {
+        trace!("waking up");
+
+        // Run blocking part of the task
+        let period: Result<Result<_, anyhow::Error>, _> = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            // Break if tenant is not active
+            if tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid) != Some(TenantState::Active) {
+                return Ok(ControlFlow::Break(()));
+            }
+
+            // Break if we're not allowed to write to disk
+            let repo = tenant_mgr::get_repository_for_tenant(tenantid)?;
+            // TODO do this inside repo.compaction_iteration instead.
+            let _guard = match repo.file_lock.try_read() {
+                Ok(g) => g,
+                Err(_) => return Ok(ControlFlow::Break(())),
+            };
+
+            // Run compaction
+            let compaction_period = repo.get_compaction_period();
+            repo.compaction_iteration()?;
+            Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(compaction_period))
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        // Decide whether to sleep or break
+        let sleep_duration = match period {
+            Ok(Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(period))) => period,
+            Ok(Ok(ControlFlow::Break(()))) => break,
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                error!("Compaction failed, retrying: {}", e);
+                Duration::from_secs(2)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Compaction join error, retrying: {}", e);
+                Duration::from_secs(2)
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Sleep
+        tokio::select! {
+            _ = cancel.changed() => {
+                trace!("received cancellation request");
+                break;
+            },
+            _ = tokio::time::sleep(sleep_duration) => {},
+        }
+    }
+
+    trace!(
+        "compaction loop stopped. State is {:?}",
+        tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid)
+    );
+}
+
+static START_GC_LOOP: OnceCell<mpsc::Sender<ZTenantId>> = OnceCell::new();
+static START_COMPACTION_LOOP: OnceCell<mpsc::Sender<ZTenantId>> = OnceCell::new();
+
+/// Spawn a task that will periodically schedule garbage collection until
+/// the tenant becomes inactive. This should be called on tenant
+/// activation.
+pub fn start_gc_loop(tenantid: ZTenantId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    START_GC_LOOP
+        .get()
+        .context("Failed to get START_GC_LOOP")?
+        .blocking_send(tenantid)
+        .context("Failed to send to START_GC_LOOP channel")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Spawn a task that will periodically schedule compaction until
+/// the tenant becomes inactive. This should be called on tenant
+/// activation.
+pub fn start_compaction_loop(tenantid: ZTenantId) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    START_COMPACTION_LOOP
+        .get()
+        .context("failed to get START_COMPACTION_LOOP")?
+        .blocking_send(tenantid)
+        .context("failed to send to START_COMPACTION_LOOP")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Spawn the TenantTaskManager
+/// This needs to be called before start_gc_loop or start_compaction_loop
+pub fn init_tenant_task_pool() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
+        .thread_name("tenant-task-worker")
+        .worker_threads(40) // Way more than necessary
+        .max_blocking_threads(100) // Way more than necessary
+        .enable_all()
+        .build()?;
+
+    let (gc_send, mut gc_recv) = mpsc::channel::<ZTenantId>(100);
+    START_GC_LOOP
+        .set(gc_send)
+        .expect("Failed to set START_GC_LOOP");
+
+    let (compaction_send, mut compaction_recv) = mpsc::channel::<ZTenantId>(100);
+    START_COMPACTION_LOOP
+        .set(compaction_send)
+        .expect("Failed to set START_COMPACTION_LOOP");
+
+    // TODO this is getting repetitive
+    let mut gc_loops = HashMap::<ZTenantId, watch::Sender<()>>::new();
+    let mut compaction_loops = HashMap::<ZTenantId, watch::Sender<()>>::new();
+
+    thread_mgr::spawn(
+        ThreadKind::TenantTaskManager,
+        None,
+        None,
+        "Tenant task manager main thread",
+        true,
+        move || {
+            runtime.block_on(async move {
+                let mut futures = FuturesUnordered::new();
+                loop {
+                    tokio::select! {
+                        _ = thread_mgr::shutdown_watcher() => {
+                            // Send cancellation to all tasks
+                            for (_, cancel) in gc_loops.drain() {
+                                cancel.send(()).ok();
+                            }
+                            for (_, cancel) in compaction_loops.drain() {
+                                cancel.send(()).ok();
+                            }
+
+                            // Exit after all tasks finish
+                            while let Some(result) = futures.next().await {
+                                match result {
+                                    Ok(()) => {
+                                        TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["stop"]).inc();
+                                    },
+                                    Err(e) => {
+                                        TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["panic"]).inc();
+                                        error!("loop join error {}", e)
+                                    },
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        },
+                        tenantid = gc_recv.recv() => {
+                            let tenantid = tenantid.expect("Gc task channel closed unexpectedly");
+
+                            // Spawn new task, request cancellation of the old one if exists
+                            let (cancel_send, cancel_recv) = watch::channel(());
+                            let handle = tokio::spawn(gc_loop(tenantid, cancel_recv)
+                                .instrument(info_span!("gc loop", tenant = %tenantid)));
+                            if let Some(old_cancel_send) = gc_loops.insert(tenantid, cancel_send) {
+                                old_cancel_send.send(()).ok();
+                            }
+
+                            // Update metrics, remember handle
+                            TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["start"]).inc();
+                            futures.push(handle);
+                        },
+                        tenantid = compaction_recv.recv() => {
+                            let tenantid = tenantid.expect("Compaction task channel closed unexpectedly");
+
+                            // Spawn new task, request cancellation of the old one if exists
+                            let (cancel_send, cancel_recv) = watch::channel(());
+                            let handle = tokio::spawn(compaction_loop(tenantid, cancel_recv)
+                                .instrument(info_span!("compaction loop", tenant = %tenantid)));
+                            if let Some(old_cancel_send) = compaction_loops.insert(tenantid, cancel_send) {
+                                old_cancel_send.send(()).ok();
+                            }
+
+                            // Update metrics, remember handle
+                            TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["start"]).inc();
+                            futures.push(handle);
+                        },
+                        result = futures.next() => {
+                            // Log and count any unhandled panics
+                            match result {
+                                Some(Ok(())) => {
+                                    TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["stop"]).inc();
+                                },
+                                Some(Err(e)) => {
+                                    TENANT_TASK_EVENTS.with_label_values(&["panic"]).inc();
+                                    error!("loop join error {}", e)
+                                },
+                                None => {},
+                            };
+                        },
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            Ok(())
+        },
+    )?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+///
+/// GC task's main loop
+///
+async fn gc_loop(tenantid: ZTenantId, mut cancel: watch::Receiver<()>) {
+    loop {
+        trace!("waking up");
+
+        // Run blocking part of the task
+        let period: Result<Result<_, anyhow::Error>, _> = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            // Break if tenant is not active
+            if tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid) != Some(TenantState::Active) {
+                return Ok(ControlFlow::Break(()));
+            }
+
+            // Break if we're not allowed to write to disk
+            let repo = tenant_mgr::get_repository_for_tenant(tenantid)?;
+            // TODO do this inside repo.gc_iteration instead.
+            let _guard = match repo.file_lock.try_read() {
+                Ok(g) => g,
+                Err(_) => return Ok(ControlFlow::Break(())),
+            };
+
+            // Run gc
+            let gc_period = repo.get_gc_period();
+            let gc_horizon = repo.get_gc_horizon();
+            if gc_horizon > 0 {
+                repo.gc_iteration(None, gc_horizon, repo.get_pitr_interval(), false)?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(gc_period))
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        // Decide whether to sleep or break
+        let sleep_duration = match period {
+            Ok(Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(period))) => period,
+            Ok(Ok(ControlFlow::Break(()))) => break,
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                error!("Gc failed, retrying: {}", e);
+                Duration::from_secs(2)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!("Gc join error, retrying: {}", e);
+                Duration::from_secs(2)
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Sleep
+        tokio::select! {
+            _ = cancel.changed() => {
+                trace!("received cancellation request");
+                break;
+            },
+            _ = tokio::time::sleep(sleep_duration) => {},
+        }
+    }
+    trace!(
+        "GC loop stopped. State is {:?}",
+        tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid)
+    );
+}

pageserver/src/tenant_threads.rs

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-//! This module contains functions to serve per-tenant background processes,
-//! such as compaction and GC
-use crate::repository::Repository;
-use crate::tenant_mgr;
-use crate::tenant_mgr::TenantState;
-use anyhow::Result;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use tracing::*;
-use utils::zid::ZTenantId;
-
-///
-/// Compaction thread's main loop
-///
-pub fn compact_loop(tenantid: ZTenantId) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Err(err) = compact_loop_ext(tenantid) {
-        error!("compact loop terminated with error: {:?}", err);
-        Err(err)
-    } else {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-fn compact_loop_ext(tenantid: ZTenantId) -> Result<()> {
-    loop {
-        if tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid) != Some(TenantState::Active) {
-            break;
-        }
-        let repo = tenant_mgr::get_repository_for_tenant(tenantid)?;
-        let compaction_period = repo.get_compaction_period();
-
-        std::thread::sleep(compaction_period);
-        trace!("compaction thread for tenant {} waking up", tenantid);
-
-        // Compact timelines
-        let repo = tenant_mgr::get_repository_for_tenant(tenantid)?;
-        repo.compaction_iteration()?;
-    }
-
-    trace!(
-        "compaction thread stopped for tenant {} state is {:?}",
-        tenantid,
-        tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid)
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-///
-/// GC thread's main loop
-///
-pub fn gc_loop(tenantid: ZTenantId) -> Result<()> {
-    loop {
-        if tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid) != Some(TenantState::Active) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        trace!("gc thread for tenant {} waking up", tenantid);
-        let repo = tenant_mgr::get_repository_for_tenant(tenantid)?;
-        let gc_horizon = repo.get_gc_horizon();
-        // Garbage collect old files that are not needed for PITR anymore
-        if gc_horizon > 0 {
-            repo.gc_iteration(None, gc_horizon, repo.get_pitr_interval(), false)?;
-        }
-
-        // TODO Write it in more adequate way using
-        // condvar.wait_timeout() or something
-        let mut sleep_time = repo.get_gc_period().as_secs();
-        while sleep_time > 0 && tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid) == Some(TenantState::Active)
-        {
-            sleep_time -= 1;
-            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
-        }
-    }
-    trace!(
-        "GC thread stopped for tenant {} state is {:?}",
-        tenantid,
-        tenant_mgr::get_tenant_state(tenantid)
-    );
-    Ok(())
-}

pageserver/src/thread_mgr.rs

@@ -94,11 +94,8 @@ pub enum ThreadKind {
     // Main walreceiver manager thread that ensures that every timeline spawns a connection to safekeeper, to fetch WAL.
     WalReceiverManager,
 
-    // Thread that handles compaction of all timelines for a tenant.
+    // Thread that schedules new compaction and gc jobs
-    Compactor,
+    TenantTaskManager,
-
-    // Thread that handles GC of a tenant
-    GarbageCollector,
 
     // Thread that flushes frozen in-memory layers to disk
     LayerFlushThread,

proxy/src/waiters.rs

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ mod tests {
             Ok(())
         });
 
-        let () = waiter.await?;
+        waiter.await?;
         notifier.await?
     }
 }

scripts/export_import_betwen_pageservers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#
+# Simple script to export nodes from one pageserver
+# and import them into another page server
+#
+from os import path
+import os
+import requests
+import uuid
+import subprocess
+import argparse
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# directory to save exported tar files to
+basepath = path.dirname(path.abspath(__file__))
+
+
+class NeonPageserverApiException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class NeonPageserverHttpClient(requests.Session):
+    def __init__(self, host, port):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+
+    def verbose_error(self, res: requests.Response):
+        try:
+            res.raise_for_status()
+        except requests.RequestException as e:
+            try:
+                msg = res.json()['msg']
+            except:
+                msg = ''
+            raise NeonPageserverApiException(msg) from e
+
+    def check_status(self):
+        self.get(f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/status").raise_for_status()
+
+    def tenant_list(self):
+        res = self.get(f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/tenant")
+        self.verbose_error(res)
+        res_json = res.json()
+        assert isinstance(res_json, list)
+        return res_json
+
+    def tenant_create(self, new_tenant_id: uuid.UUID, ok_if_exists):
+        res = self.post(
+            f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/tenant",
+            json={
+                'new_tenant_id': new_tenant_id.hex,
+            },
+        )
+
+        if res.status_code == 409:
+            if ok_if_exists:
+                print(f'could not create tenant: already exists for id {new_tenant_id}')
+            else:
+                res.raise_for_status()
+        elif res.status_code == 201:
+            print(f'created tenant {new_tenant_id}')
+        else:
+            self.verbose_error(res)
+
+        return new_tenant_id
+
+    def timeline_list(self, tenant_id: uuid.UUID):
+        res = self.get(f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id.hex}/timeline")
+        self.verbose_error(res)
+        res_json = res.json()
+        assert isinstance(res_json, list)
+        return res_json
+
+
+def main(args: argparse.Namespace):
+    old_pageserver_host = args.old_pageserver_host
+    new_pageserver_host = args.new_pageserver_host
+    tenants = args.tenants
+
+    old_http_client = NeonPageserverHttpClient(old_pageserver_host, args.old_pageserver_http_port)
+    old_http_client.check_status()
+    old_pageserver_connstr = f"postgresql://{old_pageserver_host}:{args.old_pageserver_pg_port}"
+
+    new_http_client = NeonPageserverHttpClient(new_pageserver_host, args.new_pageserver_http_port)
+    new_http_client.check_status()
+    new_pageserver_connstr = f"postgresql://{new_pageserver_host}:{args.new_pageserver_pg_port}"
+
+    psql_env = {**os.environ, 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH': '/usr/local/lib/'}
+
+    for tenant_id in tenants:
+        print(f"Tenant: {tenant_id}")
+        timelines = old_http_client.timeline_list(uuid.UUID(tenant_id))
+        print(f"Timelines: {timelines}")
+
+        # Create tenant in new pageserver
+        if args.only_import is False:
+            new_http_client.tenant_create(uuid.UUID(tenant_id), args.ok_if_exists)
+
+        for timeline in timelines:
+
+            # Export timelines from old pageserver
+            if args.only_import is False:
+                query = f"fullbackup {timeline['tenant_id']} {timeline['timeline_id']} {timeline['local']['last_record_lsn']}"
+
+                cmd = ["psql", "--no-psqlrc", old_pageserver_connstr, "-c", query]
+                print(f"Running: {cmd}")
+
+                tar_filename = path.join(basepath,
+                                         f"{timeline['tenant_id']}_{timeline['timeline_id']}.tar")
+                stderr_filename = path.join(
+                    basepath, f"{timeline['tenant_id']}_{timeline['timeline_id']}.stderr")
+
+                with open(tar_filename, 'w') as stdout_f:
+                    with open(stderr_filename, 'w') as stderr_f:
+                        print(f"(capturing output to {tar_filename})")
+                        subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=stdout_f, stderr=stderr_f, env=psql_env)
+
+                print(f"Done export: {tar_filename}")
+
+            # Import timelines to new pageserver
+            psql_path = Path(args.psql_path)
+            import_cmd = f"import basebackup {timeline['tenant_id']} {timeline['timeline_id']} {timeline['local']['last_record_lsn']} {timeline['local']['last_record_lsn']}"
+            tar_filename = path.join(basepath,
+                                     f"{timeline['tenant_id']}_{timeline['timeline_id']}.tar")
+            full_cmd = rf"""cat {tar_filename} | {psql_path} {new_pageserver_connstr} -c '{import_cmd}' """
+
+            stderr_filename2 = path.join(
+                basepath, f"import_{timeline['tenant_id']}_{timeline['timeline_id']}.stderr")
+            stdout_filename = path.join(
+                basepath, f"import_{timeline['tenant_id']}_{timeline['timeline_id']}.stdout")
+
+            print(f"Running: {full_cmd}")
+
+            with open(stdout_filename, 'w') as stdout_f:
+                with open(stderr_filename2, 'w') as stderr_f:
+                    print(f"(capturing output to {stdout_filename})")
+                    subprocess.run(full_cmd,
+                                   stdout=stdout_f,
+                                   stderr=stderr_f,
+                                   env=psql_env,
+                                   shell=True)
+
+                    print(f"Done import")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--tenant-id',
+        dest='tenants',
+        required=True,
+        nargs='+',
+        help='Id of the tenant to migrate. You can pass multiple arguments',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--from-host',
+        dest='old_pageserver_host',
+        required=True,
+        help='Host of the pageserver to migrate data from',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--from-http-port',
+        dest='old_pageserver_http_port',
+        required=False,
+        type=int,
+        default=9898,
+        help='HTTP port of the pageserver to migrate data from. Default: 9898',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--from-pg-port',
+        dest='old_pageserver_pg_port',
+        required=False,
+        type=int,
+        default=6400,
+        help='pg port of the pageserver to migrate data from. Default: 6400',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--to-host',
+        dest='new_pageserver_host',
+        required=True,
+        help='Host of the pageserver to migrate data to',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--to-http-port',
+        dest='new_pageserver_http_port',
+        required=False,
+        default=9898,
+        type=int,
+        help='HTTP port of the pageserver to migrate data to. Default: 9898',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--to-pg-port',
+        dest='new_pageserver_pg_port',
+        required=False,
+        default=6400,
+        type=int,
+        help='pg port of the pageserver to migrate data to. Default: 6400',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--ignore-tenant-exists',
+        dest='ok_if_exists',
+        required=False,
+        help=
+        'Ignore error if we are trying to create the tenant that already exists. It can be dangerous if existing tenant already contains some data.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--psql-path',
+        dest='psql_path',
+        required=False,
+        default='/usr/local/bin/psql',
+        help='Path to the psql binary. Default: /usr/local/bin/psql',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--only-import',
+        dest='only_import',
+        required=False,
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Skip export and tenant creation part',
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    main(args)

setup.cfg

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ strict = true
 # There is some work in progress, though: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg/pull/577
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 
+[mypy-pg8000.*]
+# Used only in testing clients
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+
 [mypy-cached_property.*]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 

test_runner/batch_others/test_ancestor_branch.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from contextlib import closing
-
-import psycopg2.extras
 import pytest
 from fixtures.log_helper import log
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnv, NeonEnvBuilder, NeonPageserverApiException

test_runner/batch_others/test_auth.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from contextlib import closing
-from typing import Iterator
+from uuid import uuid4
-from uuid import UUID, uuid4
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnvBuilder, NeonPageserverApiException
-from requests.exceptions import HTTPError
 import pytest
 
 

test_runner/batch_others/test_backpressure.py

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 from contextlib import closing, contextmanager
 import psycopg2.extras
 import pytest
-from fixtures.neon_fixtures import PgProtocol, NeonEnvBuilder
+from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnvBuilder
 from fixtures.log_helper import log
-import os
 import time
-import asyncpg
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import Postgres
 import threading
 

test_runner/batch_others/test_basebackup_error.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import pytest
-from contextlib import closing
 
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnv
-from fixtures.log_helper import log
 
 
 #

test_runner/batch_others/test_branch_behind.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import subprocess
 from contextlib import closing
 
 import psycopg2.extras

test_runner/batch_others/test_fullbackup.py

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
-import subprocess
 from contextlib import closing
 
-import psycopg2.extras
-import pytest
 from fixtures.log_helper import log
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnvBuilder, PgBin, PortDistributor, VanillaPostgres
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import pg_distrib_dir
 import os
-from fixtures.utils import mkdir_if_needed, subprocess_capture
+from fixtures.utils import subprocess_capture
-import shutil
-import getpass
-import pwd
 
 num_rows = 1000
 
@@ -46,19 +40,20 @@ def test_fullbackup(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder,
     psql_env = {'LD_LIBRARY_PATH': os.path.join(str(pg_distrib_dir), 'lib')}
 
     # Get and unpack fullbackup from pageserver
-    restored_dir_path = os.path.join(env.repo_dir, "restored_datadir")
+    restored_dir_path = env.repo_dir / "restored_datadir"
     os.mkdir(restored_dir_path, 0o750)
     query = f"fullbackup {env.initial_tenant.hex} {timeline} {lsn}"
     cmd = ["psql", "--no-psqlrc", env.pageserver.connstr(), "-c", query]
     result_basepath = pg_bin.run_capture(cmd, env=psql_env)
     tar_output_file = result_basepath + ".stdout"
-    subprocess_capture(str(env.repo_dir), ["tar", "-xf", tar_output_file, "-C", restored_dir_path])
+    subprocess_capture(str(env.repo_dir),
+                       ["tar", "-xf", tar_output_file, "-C", str(restored_dir_path)])
 
     # HACK
     # fullbackup returns neon specific pg_control and first WAL segment
     # use resetwal to overwrite it
     pg_resetwal_path = os.path.join(pg_bin.pg_bin_path, 'pg_resetwal')
-    cmd = [pg_resetwal_path, "-D", restored_dir_path]
+    cmd = [pg_resetwal_path, "-D", str(restored_dir_path)]
     pg_bin.run_capture(cmd, env=psql_env)
 
     # Restore from the backup and find the data we inserted

test_runner/batch_others/test_import.py

@@ -191,3 +191,8 @@ def test_import_from_pageserver(test_output_dir, pg_bin, vanilla_pg, neon_env_bu
     # Check it's the same as the first fullbackup
     # TODO pageserver should be checking checksum
     assert os.path.getsize(tar_output_file) == os.path.getsize(new_tar_output_file)
+
+    # Check that gc works
+    psconn = env.pageserver.connect()
+    pscur = psconn.cursor()
+    pscur.execute(f"do_gc {tenant.hex} {timeline} 0")

test_runner/batch_others/test_tenant_tasks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnvBuilder, wait_until
+from uuid import UUID
+import time
+
+
+def get_only_element(l):
+    assert len(l) == 1
+    return l[0]
+
+
+# Test that gc and compaction tenant tasks start and stop correctly
+def test_tenant_tasks(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder):
+    # The gc and compaction loops don't bother to watch for tenant state
+    # changes while sleeping, so we use small periods to make this test
+    # run faster. With default settings we'd have to wait longer for tasks
+    # to notice state changes and shut down.
+    # TODO fix this behavior in the pageserver
+    tenant_config = "{gc_period = '1 s', compaction_period = '1 s'}"
+    neon_env_builder.pageserver_config_override = f"tenant_config={tenant_config}"
+    name = "test_tenant_tasks"
+    env = neon_env_builder.init_start()
+    client = env.pageserver.http_client()
+
+    def get_state(tenant):
+        all_states = client.tenant_list()
+        matching = [t for t in all_states if t["id"] == tenant.hex]
+        return get_only_element(matching)["state"]
+
+    def get_metric_value(name):
+        metrics = client.get_metrics()
+        relevant = [line for line in metrics.splitlines() if line.startswith(name)]
+        if len(relevant) == 0:
+            return 0
+        line = get_only_element(relevant)
+        value = line.lstrip(name).strip()
+        return int(value)
+
+    def detach_all_timelines(tenant):
+        timelines = [UUID(t["timeline_id"]) for t in client.timeline_list(tenant)]
+        for t in timelines:
+            client.timeline_detach(tenant, t)
+
+    def assert_idle(tenant):
+        assert get_state(tenant) == "Idle"
+
+    # Create tenant, start compute
+    tenant, _ = env.neon_cli.create_tenant()
+    timeline = env.neon_cli.create_timeline(name, tenant_id=tenant)
+    pg = env.postgres.create_start(name, tenant_id=tenant)
+    assert (get_state(tenant) == "Active")
+
+    # Stop compute
+    pg.stop()
+
+    # Detach all tenants and wait for them to go idle
+    # TODO they should be already idle since there are no active computes
+    for tenant_info in client.tenant_list():
+        tenant_id = UUID(tenant_info["id"])
+        detach_all_timelines(tenant_id)
+        wait_until(10, 0.2, lambda: assert_idle(tenant_id))
+
+    # Assert that all tasks finish quickly after tenants go idle
+    def assert_tasks_finish():
+        tasks_started = get_metric_value('pageserver_tenant_task_events{event="start"}')
+        tasks_ended = get_metric_value('pageserver_tenant_task_events{event="stop"}')
+        tasks_panicked = get_metric_value('pageserver_tenant_task_events{event="panic"}')
+        assert tasks_started == tasks_ended
+        assert tasks_panicked == 0
+
+    wait_until(10, 0.2, assert_tasks_finish)

test_runner/batch_others/test_wal_acceptor.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import pathlib
 import pytest
 import random
 import time
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from multiprocessing import Process, Value
 from pathlib import Path
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import PgBin, Etcd, Postgres, RemoteStorageUsers, Safekeeper, NeonEnv, NeonEnvBuilder, PortDistributor, SafekeeperPort, neon_binpath, PgProtocol
-from fixtures.utils import get_dir_size, lsn_to_hex, mkdir_if_needed, lsn_from_hex
+from fixtures.utils import get_dir_size, lsn_to_hex, lsn_from_hex
 from fixtures.log_helper import log
 from typing import List, Optional, Any
 from uuid import uuid4
@@ -645,7 +646,7 @@ class ProposerPostgres(PgProtocol):
     def create_dir_config(self, safekeepers: str):
         """ Create dir and config for running --sync-safekeepers """
 
-        mkdir_if_needed(self.pg_data_dir_path())
+        pathlib.Path(self.pg_data_dir_path()).mkdir(exist_ok=True)
         with open(self.config_file_path(), "w") as f:
             cfg = [
                 "synchronous_standby_names = 'walproposer'\n",
@@ -828,7 +829,7 @@ class SafekeeperEnv:
 
         self.timeline_id = uuid.uuid4()
         self.tenant_id = uuid.uuid4()
-        mkdir_if_needed(str(self.repo_dir))
+        self.repo_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 
         # Create config and a Safekeeper object for each safekeeper
         self.safekeepers = []
@@ -847,8 +848,8 @@ class SafekeeperEnv:
             http=self.port_distributor.get_port(),
         )
 
-        safekeeper_dir = os.path.join(self.repo_dir, f"sk{i}")
+        safekeeper_dir = self.repo_dir / f"sk{i}"
-        mkdir_if_needed(safekeeper_dir)
+        safekeeper_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 
         args = [
             self.bin_safekeeper,
@@ -857,7 +858,7 @@ class SafekeeperEnv:
             "--listen-http",
             f"127.0.0.1:{port.http}",
             "-D",
-            safekeeper_dir,
+            str(safekeeper_dir),
             "--id",
             str(i),
             "--broker-endpoints",

test_runner/batch_others/test_wal_restore.py

@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 import os
-import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import (NeonEnvBuilder,
                                     VanillaPostgres,
                                     PortDistributor,
                                     PgBin,
                                     base_dir,
-                                    vanilla_pg,
                                     pg_distrib_dir)
-from fixtures.log_helper import log
 
 
 def test_wal_restore(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder,
                      pg_bin: PgBin,
-                     test_output_dir,
+                     test_output_dir: Path,
                      port_distributor: PortDistributor):
     env = neon_env_builder.init_start()
     env.neon_cli.create_branch("test_wal_restore")
@@ -22,13 +20,13 @@ def test_wal_restore(neon_env_builder: NeonEnvBuilder,
     tenant_id = pg.safe_psql("show neon.tenant_id")[0][0]
     env.neon_cli.pageserver_stop()
     port = port_distributor.get_port()
-    data_dir = os.path.join(test_output_dir, 'pgsql.restored')
+    data_dir = test_output_dir / 'pgsql.restored'
     with VanillaPostgres(data_dir, PgBin(test_output_dir), port) as restored:
         pg_bin.run_capture([
             os.path.join(base_dir, 'libs/utils/scripts/restore_from_wal.sh'),
             os.path.join(pg_distrib_dir, 'bin'),
-            os.path.join(test_output_dir, 'repo/safekeepers/sk1/{}/*'.format(tenant_id)),
+            str(test_output_dir / 'repo' / 'safekeepers' / 'sk1' / str(tenant_id) / '*'),
-            data_dir,
+            str(data_dir),
             str(port)
         ])
         restored.start()

test_runner/batch_pg_regress/test_isolation.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
-from fixtures.utils import mkdir_if_needed
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnv, base_dir, pg_distrib_dir
 
 
 # The isolation tests run for a long time, especially in debug mode,
 # so use a larger-than-default timeout.
 @pytest.mark.timeout(1800)
-def test_isolation(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir, pg_bin, capsys):
+def test_isolation(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir: Path, pg_bin, capsys):
     env = neon_simple_env
 
     env.neon_cli.create_branch("test_isolation", "empty")
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ def test_isolation(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir, pg_bin, capsys):
     pg.safe_psql('CREATE DATABASE isolation_regression')
 
     # Create some local directories for pg_isolation_regress to run in.
-    runpath = os.path.join(test_output_dir, 'regress')
+    runpath = test_output_dir / 'regress'
-    mkdir_if_needed(runpath)
+    (runpath / 'testtablespace').mkdir(parents=True)
-    mkdir_if_needed(os.path.join(runpath, 'testtablespace'))
 
     # Compute all the file locations that pg_isolation_regress will need.
     build_path = os.path.join(pg_distrib_dir, 'build/src/test/isolation')

test_runner/batch_pg_regress/test_neon_regress.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 
-from fixtures.utils import mkdir_if_needed
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import (NeonEnv,
                                     check_restored_datadir_content,
                                     base_dir,
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from fixtures.neon_fixtures import (NeonEnv,
 from fixtures.log_helper import log
 
 
-def test_neon_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir, pg_bin, capsys):
+def test_neon_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir: Path, pg_bin, capsys):
     env = neon_simple_env
 
     env.neon_cli.create_branch("test_neon_regress", "empty")
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ def test_neon_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir, pg_bin, capsys)
     pg.safe_psql('CREATE DATABASE regression')
 
     # Create some local directories for pg_regress to run in.
-    runpath = os.path.join(test_output_dir, 'regress')
+    runpath = test_output_dir / 'regress'
-    mkdir_if_needed(runpath)
+    (runpath / 'testtablespace').mkdir(parents=True)
-    mkdir_if_needed(os.path.join(runpath, 'testtablespace'))
 
     # Compute all the file locations that pg_regress will need.
     # This test runs neon specific tests

test_runner/batch_pg_regress/test_pg_regress.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import os
+import pathlib
 import pytest
-from fixtures.utils import mkdir_if_needed
 from fixtures.neon_fixtures import NeonEnv, check_restored_datadir_content, base_dir, pg_distrib_dir
 
 
 # The pg_regress tests run for a long time, especially in debug mode,
 # so use a larger-than-default timeout.
 @pytest.mark.timeout(1800)
-def test_pg_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir: str, pg_bin, capsys):
+def test_pg_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir: pathlib.Path, pg_bin, capsys):
     env = neon_simple_env
 
     env.neon_cli.create_branch("test_pg_regress", "empty")
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ def test_pg_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir: str, pg_bin, caps
     pg.safe_psql('CREATE DATABASE regression')
 
     # Create some local directories for pg_regress to run in.
-    runpath = os.path.join(test_output_dir, 'regress')
+    runpath = test_output_dir / 'regress'
-    mkdir_if_needed(runpath)
+    (runpath / 'testtablespace').mkdir(parents=True)
-    mkdir_if_needed(os.path.join(runpath, 'testtablespace'))
 
     # Compute all the file locations that pg_regress will need.
     build_path = os.path.join(pg_distrib_dir, 'build/src/test/regress')
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ def test_pg_regress(neon_simple_env: NeonEnv, test_output_dir: str, pg_bin, caps
 
         # checkpoint one more time to ensure that the lsn we get is the latest one
         pg.safe_psql('CHECKPOINT')
-        lsn = pg.safe_psql('select pg_current_wal_insert_lsn()')[0][0]
+        pg.safe_psql('select pg_current_wal_insert_lsn()')[0][0]
 
         # Check that we restore the content of the datadir correctly
         check_restored_datadir_content(test_output_dir, env, pg)

test_runner/fixtures/neon_fixtures.py

@@ -35,12 +35,7 @@ from typing_extensions import Literal
 import requests
 import backoff  # type: ignore
 
-from .utils import (etcd_path,
+from .utils import (etcd_path, get_self_dir, subprocess_capture, lsn_from_hex, lsn_to_hex)
-                    get_self_dir,
-                    mkdir_if_needed,
-                    subprocess_capture,
-                    lsn_from_hex,
-                    lsn_to_hex)
 from fixtures.log_helper import log
 """
 This file contains pytest fixtures. A fixture is a test resource that can be
@@ -127,7 +122,7 @@ def pytest_configure(config):
         top_output_dir = env_test_output
     else:
         top_output_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIR)
-    mkdir_if_needed(top_output_dir)
+    pathlib.Path(top_output_dir).mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 
     # Find the postgres installation.
     global pg_distrib_dir
@@ -1316,7 +1311,7 @@ def append_pageserver_param_overrides(
 
 class PgBin:
     """ A helper class for executing postgres binaries """
-    def __init__(self, log_dir: str):
+    def __init__(self, log_dir: Path):
         self.log_dir = log_dir
         self.pg_bin_path = os.path.join(str(pg_distrib_dir), 'bin')
         self.env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -1367,22 +1362,27 @@ class PgBin:
         self._fixpath(command)
         log.info('Running command "{}"'.format(' '.join(command)))
         env = self._build_env(env)
-        return subprocess_capture(self.log_dir, command, env=env, cwd=cwd, check=True, **kwargs)
+        return subprocess_capture(str(self.log_dir),
+                                  command,
+                                  env=env,
+                                  cwd=cwd,
+                                  check=True,
+                                  **kwargs)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def pg_bin(test_output_dir: str) -> PgBin:
+def pg_bin(test_output_dir: Path) -> PgBin:
     return PgBin(test_output_dir)
 
 
 class VanillaPostgres(PgProtocol):
-    def __init__(self, pgdatadir: str, pg_bin: PgBin, port: int, init=True):
+    def __init__(self, pgdatadir: Path, pg_bin: PgBin, port: int, init=True):
         super().__init__(host='localhost', port=port, dbname='postgres')
         self.pgdatadir = pgdatadir
         self.pg_bin = pg_bin
         self.running = False
         if init:
-            self.pg_bin.run_capture(['initdb', '-D', pgdatadir])
+            self.pg_bin.run_capture(['initdb', '-D', str(pgdatadir)])
         self.configure([f"port = {port}\n"])
 
     def configure(self, options: List[str]):
@@ -1398,12 +1398,13 @@ class VanillaPostgres(PgProtocol):
         if log_path is None:
             log_path = os.path.join(self.pgdatadir, "pg.log")
 
-        self.pg_bin.run_capture(['pg_ctl', '-w', '-D', self.pgdatadir, '-l', log_path, 'start'])
+        self.pg_bin.run_capture(
+            ['pg_ctl', '-w', '-D', str(self.pgdatadir), '-l', log_path, 'start'])
 
     def stop(self):
         assert self.running
         self.running = False
-        self.pg_bin.run_capture(['pg_ctl', '-w', '-D', self.pgdatadir, 'stop'])
+        self.pg_bin.run_capture(['pg_ctl', '-w', '-D', str(self.pgdatadir), 'stop'])
 
     def get_subdir_size(self, subdir) -> int:
         """Return size of pgdatadir subdirectory in bytes."""
@@ -1418,9 +1419,9 @@ class VanillaPostgres(PgProtocol):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def vanilla_pg(test_output_dir: str,
+def vanilla_pg(test_output_dir: Path,
                port_distributor: PortDistributor) -> Iterator[VanillaPostgres]:
-    pgdatadir = os.path.join(test_output_dir, "pgdata-vanilla")
+    pgdatadir = test_output_dir / "pgdata-vanilla"
     pg_bin = PgBin(test_output_dir)
     port = port_distributor.get_port()
     with VanillaPostgres(pgdatadir, pg_bin, port) as vanilla_pg:
@@ -1457,7 +1458,7 @@ class RemotePostgres(PgProtocol):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
-def remote_pg(test_output_dir: str) -> Iterator[RemotePostgres]:
+def remote_pg(test_output_dir: Path) -> Iterator[RemotePostgres]:
     pg_bin = PgBin(test_output_dir)
 
     connstr = os.getenv("BENCHMARK_CONNSTR")
@@ -1924,9 +1925,12 @@ class Etcd:
     datadir: str
     port: int
     peer_port: int
-    binary_path: Path = etcd_path()
+    binary_path: Path = field(init=False)
     handle: Optional[subprocess.Popen[Any]] = None  # handle of running daemon
 
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        self.binary_path = etcd_path()
+
     def client_url(self):
         return f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}'
 
@@ -1980,11 +1984,13 @@ class Etcd:
             self.handle.wait()
 
 
-def get_test_output_dir(request: Any) -> str:
+def get_test_output_dir(request: Any) -> pathlib.Path:
     """ Compute the working directory for an individual test. """
     test_name = request.node.name
-    test_dir = os.path.join(str(top_output_dir), test_name)
+    test_dir = pathlib.Path(top_output_dir) / test_name.replace("/", "-")
     log.info(f'get_test_output_dir is {test_dir}')
+    # make mypy happy
+    assert isinstance(test_dir, pathlib.Path)
     return test_dir
 
 
@@ -1998,14 +2004,14 @@ def get_test_output_dir(request: Any) -> str:
 # this fixture ensures that the directory exists.  That works because
 # 'autouse' fixtures are run before other fixtures.
 @pytest.fixture(scope='function', autouse=True)
-def test_output_dir(request: Any) -> str:
+def test_output_dir(request: Any) -> pathlib.Path:
     """ Create the working directory for an individual test. """
 
     # one directory per test
     test_dir = get_test_output_dir(request)
     log.info(f'test_output_dir is {test_dir}')
     shutil.rmtree(test_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    mkdir_if_needed(test_dir)
+    test_dir.mkdir()
     return test_dir
 
 
@@ -2051,7 +2057,7 @@ def should_skip_file(filename: str) -> bool:
 #
 # Test helpers
 #
-def list_files_to_compare(pgdata_dir: str):
+def list_files_to_compare(pgdata_dir: pathlib.Path):
     pgdata_files = []
     for root, _file, filenames in os.walk(pgdata_dir):
         for filename in filenames:
@@ -2068,7 +2074,7 @@ def list_files_to_compare(pgdata_dir: str):
 
 
 # pg is the existing and running compute node, that we want to compare with a basebackup
-def check_restored_datadir_content(test_output_dir: str, env: NeonEnv, pg: Postgres):
+def check_restored_datadir_content(test_output_dir: Path, env: NeonEnv, pg: Postgres):
 
     # Get the timeline ID. We need it for the 'basebackup' command
     with closing(pg.connect()) as conn:
@@ -2080,8 +2086,8 @@ def check_restored_datadir_content(test_output_dir: str, env: NeonEnv, pg: Postg
     pg.stop()
 
     # Take a basebackup from pageserver
-    restored_dir_path = os.path.join(env.repo_dir, f"{pg.node_name}_restored_datadir")
+    restored_dir_path = env.repo_dir / f"{pg.node_name}_restored_datadir"
-    mkdir_if_needed(restored_dir_path)
+    restored_dir_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 
     pg_bin = PgBin(test_output_dir)
     psql_path = os.path.join(pg_bin.pg_bin_path, 'psql')
@@ -2108,7 +2114,7 @@ def check_restored_datadir_content(test_output_dir: str, env: NeonEnv, pg: Postg
 
     # list files we're going to compare
     assert pg.pgdata_dir
-    pgdata_files = list_files_to_compare(pg.pgdata_dir)
+    pgdata_files = list_files_to_compare(pathlib.Path(pg.pgdata_dir))
     restored_files = list_files_to_compare(restored_dir_path)
 
     # check that file sets are equal
@@ -2140,7 +2146,7 @@ def check_restored_datadir_content(test_output_dir: str, env: NeonEnv, pg: Postg
     assert (mismatch, error) == ([], [])
 
 
-def wait_until(number_of_iterations: int, interval: int, func):
+def wait_until(number_of_iterations: int, interval: float, func):
     """
     Wait until 'func' returns successfully, without exception. Returns the last return value
     from the the function.

test_runner/fixtures/utils.py

@@ -12,18 +12,6 @@ def get_self_dir() -> str:
     return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
 
 
-def mkdir_if_needed(path: str) -> None:
-    """ Create a directory if it doesn't already exist
-
-    Note this won't try to create intermediate directories.
-    """
-    try:
-        os.mkdir(path)
-    except FileExistsError:
-        pass
-    assert os.path.isdir(path)
-
-
 def subprocess_capture(capture_dir: str, cmd: List[str], **kwargs: Any) -> str:
     """ Run a process and capture its output
 

test_runner/pg_clients/csharp/npgsql/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bin/
+obj/

test_runner/pg_clients/csharp/npgsql/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bin/
+obj/

test_runner/pg_clients/csharp/npgsql/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:6.0 AS build
+WORKDIR /source
+
+COPY *.csproj .
+RUN dotnet restore
+
+COPY . .
+RUN dotnet publish -c release -o /app --no-restore
+
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/runtime:6.0
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=build /app .
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "csharp-npgsql.dll"]

test_runner/pg_clients/csharp/npgsql/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using Npgsql;
+
+var host = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("NEON_HOST");
+var database = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("NEON_DATABASE");
+var user = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("NEON_USER");
+var password = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("NEON_PASSWORD");
+
+var connString = $"Host={host};Username={user};Password={password};Database={database}";
+
+await using var conn = new NpgsqlConnection(connString);
+await conn.OpenAsync();
+
+await using (var cmd = new NpgsqlCommand("SELECT 1", conn))
+await using (var reader = await cmd.ExecuteReaderAsync())
+{
+    while (await reader.ReadAsync())
+        Console.WriteLine(reader.GetInt32(0));
+}
+await conn.CloseAsync();

test_runner/pg_clients/csharp/npgsql/csharp-npgsql.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Npgsql" Version="6.0.5" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

test_runner/pg_clients/java/jdbc/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

test_runner/pg_clients/java/jdbc/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+FROM openjdk:17
+WORKDIR /source
+
+COPY . .
+
+WORKDIR /app
+RUN curl --output postgresql.jar https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download/postgresql-42.4.0.jar && \
+    javac -d /app /source/Example.java
+
+CMD ["java", "-cp", "/app/postgresql.jar:.", "Example"]

test_runner/pg_clients/java/jdbc/Example.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+public class Example
+{
+    public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception
+    {
+        String host = System.getenv("NEON_HOST");
+        String database = System.getenv("NEON_DATABASE");
+        String user = System.getenv("NEON_USER");
+        String password = System.getenv("NEON_PASSWORD");
+
+        String url = "jdbc:postgresql://%s/%s".formatted(host, database);
+        Properties props = new Properties();
+        props.setProperty("user", user);
+        props.setProperty("password", password);
+
+        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, props);
+        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
+        ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("SELECT 1");
+        while (rs.next())
+        {
+            System.out.println(rs.getString(1));
+        }
+        rs.close();
+        st.close();
+    }
+}

test_runner/pg_clients/python/asyncpg/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FROM python:3.10
+WORKDIR /source
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+CMD ["python3", "asyncpg_example.py"]

test_runner/pg_clients/python/asyncpg/asyncpg_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+
+import asyncpg
+
+
+async def run(**kwargs) -> asyncpg.Record:
+    conn = await asyncpg.connect(
+        **kwargs,
+        statement_cache_size=0,  # Prepared statements doesn't work pgbouncer
+    )
+    rv = await conn.fetchrow("SELECT 1")
+    await conn.close()
+
+    return rv
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    kwargs = {
+        k.lstrip("NEON_").lower(): v
+        for k in ("NEON_HOST", "NEON_DATABASE", "NEON_USER", "NEON_PASSWORD")
+        if (v := os.environ.get(k, None)) is not None
+    }
+
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    row = loop.run_until_complete(run(**kwargs))
+
+    print(row[0])

test_runner/pg_clients/python/asyncpg/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+asyncpg==0.25.0

test_runner/pg_clients/python/pg8000/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FROM python:3.10
+WORKDIR /source
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+CMD ["python3", "pg8000_example.py"]

test_runner/pg_clients/python/pg8000/pg8000_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import ssl
+
+import pg8000.dbapi
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    kwargs = {
+        k.lstrip("NEON_").lower(): v
+        for k in ("NEON_HOST", "NEON_DATABASE", "NEON_USER", "NEON_PASSWORD")
+        if (v := os.environ.get(k, None)) is not None
+    }
+    conn = pg8000.dbapi.connect(
+        **kwargs,
+        ssl_context=True,
+    )
+
+    cursor = conn.cursor()
+    cursor.execute("SELECT 1")
+    row = cursor.fetchone()
+    print(row[0])
+    conn.close()

test_runner/pg_clients/python/pg8000/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pg8000==1.29.1

test_runner/pg_clients/swift/PostgresClientKitExample/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.build/

test_runner/pg_clients/swift/PostgresClientKitExample/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.build/

test_runner/pg_clients/swift/PostgresClientKitExample/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+FROM swift:5.6 AS build
+RUN apt-get -q update && apt-get -q install -y libssl-dev
+WORKDIR /source
+
+COPY . .
+RUN swift build --configuration release
+
+FROM swift:5.6
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=build /source/.build/release/release .
+CMD ["/app/PostgresClientKitExample"]

test_runner/pg_clients/swift/PostgresClientKitExample/Package.resolved

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+  "pins" : [
+    {
+      "identity" : "bluesocket",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/IBM-Swift/BlueSocket.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "dd924c3bc2c1c144c42b8dda3896f1a03115ded4",
+        "version" : "2.0.2"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "bluesslservice",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/IBM-Swift/BlueSSLService",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "c249988fb748749739144e7f554710552acdc0bd",
+        "version" : "2.0.1"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "postgresclientkit",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/codewinsdotcom/PostgresClientKit.git",
+      "state" : {
+        "branch" : "v1.4.3",
+        "revision" : "beafedaea6dc9f04712e9a8547b77f47c406a47e"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "identity" : "swift-argument-parser",
+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/apple/swift-argument-parser",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "6b2aa2748a7881eebb9f84fb10c01293e15b52ca",
+        "version" : "0.5.0"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "version" : 2
+}

test_runner/pg_clients/swift/PostgresClientKitExample/Package.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// swift-tools-version:5.6
+import PackageDescription
+
+let package = Package(
+    name: "PostgresClientKitExample",
+    dependencies: [
+        .package(
+            url: "https://github.com/codewinsdotcom/PostgresClientKit.git",
+            revision: "v1.4.3"
+        )
+    ],
+    targets: [
+        .target(
+            name: "PostgresClientKitExample",
+            dependencies: [ "PostgresClientKit" ])
+    ]
+)

test_runner/pg_clients/swift/PostgresClientKitExample/Sources/PostgresClientKitExample/main.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import Foundation
+
+import PostgresClientKit
+
+do {
+    var configuration = PostgresClientKit.ConnectionConfiguration()
+
+    let env = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment
+    if let host = env["NEON_HOST"] {
+        configuration.host = host
+    }
+    if let database = env["NEON_DATABASE"] {
+        configuration.database = database
+    }
+    if let user = env["NEON_USER"] {
+        configuration.user = user
+    }
+    if let password = env["NEON_PASSWORD"] {
+        configuration.credential = .scramSHA256(password: password)
+    }
+
+    let connection = try PostgresClientKit.Connection(configuration: configuration)
+    defer { connection.close() }
+
+    let text = "SELECT 1;"
+    let statement = try connection.prepareStatement(text: text)
+    defer { statement.close() }
+
+    let cursor = try statement.execute(parameterValues: [ ])
+    defer { cursor.close() }
+
+    for row in cursor {
+        let columns = try row.get().columns
+        print(columns[0])
+    }
+} catch {
+    print(error)
+}

test_runner/pg_clients/test_pg_clients.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+import pytest
+from fixtures.neon_fixtures import RemotePostgres
+
+
+@pytest.mark.remote_cluster
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "client",
+    [
+        "csharp/npgsql",
+        "java/jdbc",
+        "python/asyncpg",
+        pytest.param(
+            "python/pg8000",  # See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/2008#discussion_r912264281
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Handles SSL in incompatible with Neon way")),
+        pytest.param(
+            "swift/PostgresClientKit",  # See https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/2008#discussion_r911896592
+            marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Neither SNI nor parameters is supported")),
+        "typescript/postgresql-client",
+    ],
+)
+def test_pg_clients(remote_pg: RemotePostgres, client: str):
+    conn_options = remote_pg.conn_options()
+
+    env_file = None
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False) as f:
+        env_file = f.name
+        f.write(f"""
+            NEON_HOST={conn_options["host"]}
+            NEON_DATABASE={conn_options["dbname"]}
+            NEON_USER={conn_options["user"]}
+            NEON_PASSWORD={conn_options["password"]}
+        """)
+
+    image_tag = client.lower()
+    docker_bin = shutil.which("docker")
+    if docker_bin is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("docker is required for running this test")
+
+    build_cmd = [
+        docker_bin, "build", "--quiet", "--tag", image_tag, f"{Path(__file__).parent / client}"
+    ]
+    run_cmd = [docker_bin, "run", "--rm", "--env-file", env_file, image_tag]
+
+    subprocess.run(build_cmd, check=True)
+    result = subprocess.run(run_cmd, check=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    assert result.stdout.strip() == "1"

test_runner/pg_clients/typescript/postgresql-client/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules/

test_runner/pg_clients/typescript/postgresql-client/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules/

test_runner/pg_clients/typescript/postgresql-client/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FROM node:16
+WORKDIR /source
+
+COPY . .
+RUN npm clean-install
+
+CMD ["/source/index.js"]

test_runner/pg_clients/typescript/postgresql-client/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env node
+
+import {Connection} from 'postgresql-client';
+
+const params = {
+    "host": process.env.NEON_HOST,
+    "database": process.env.NEON_DATABASE,
+    "user": process.env.NEON_USER,
+    "password": process.env.NEON_PASSWORD,
+    "ssl": true,
+}
+for (const key in params) {
+    if (params[key] === undefined) {
+        delete params[key];
+    }
+}
+
+const connection = new Connection(params);
+await connection.connect();
+const result = await connection.query(
+    'select 1'
+);
+const rows = result.rows;
+await connection.close();
+console.log(rows[0][0]);

test_runner/pg_clients/typescript/postgresql-client/package-lock.json

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+{
+  "name": "typescript",
+  "lockfileVersion": 2,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "dependencies": {
+        "postgresql-client": "^2.1.3"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/debug": {
+      "version": "4.3.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-4.3.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PRWFHuSU3eDtQJPvnNY7Jcket1j0t5OuOsFzPPzsekD52Zl8qUfFIPEiswXqIvHWGVHOgX+7G/vCNNhehwxfkQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ms": "2.1.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "supports-color": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/doublylinked": {
+      "version": "2.5.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/doublylinked/-/doublylinked-2.5.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Lpqb+qyHpR5Bew8xfKsxVYdjXEYAQ7HLp1IX47kHKmVCZeXErInytonjkL+kE+L4yaKSYEmDNR9MJYr5zwuAKA==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/lightning-pool": {
+      "version": "3.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lightning-pool/-/lightning-pool-3.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OgWuoh0BBrikWx/mc/XwIKwC9HHTe/GU3XODLMBPibv7jv8u0o2gQFS7KVEg5U8Oufg6N7mkm8Y1RoiLER0zeQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "doublylinked": "^2.4.3",
+        "putil-promisify": "^1.8.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ms": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/obuf": {
+      "version": "1.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/obuf/-/obuf-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PX1wu0AmAdPqOL1mWhqmlOd8kOIZQwGZw6rh7uby9fTc5lhaOWFLX3I6R1hrF9k3zUY40e6igsLGkDXK92LJNg=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/postgres-bytea": {
+      "version": "3.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postgres-bytea/-/postgres-bytea-3.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-CNd4jim9RFPkObHSjVHlVrxoVQXz7quwNFpz7RY1okNNme49+sVyiTvTRobiLV548Hx/hb1BG+iE7h9493WzFw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "obuf": "~1.1.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/postgresql-client": {
+      "version": "2.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postgresql-client/-/postgresql-client-2.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-36Ga6JzhydsRzcCRcA/Y2hrX9C9sI0wS6sgRNBlOGkOwACXQVybmhDM7mAUbi9cT00N39Ee7btR0eMCyD//5Xg==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "debug": "^4.3.4",
+        "doublylinked": "^2.5.1",
+        "lightning-pool": "^3.1.3",
+        "postgres-bytea": "^3.0.0",
+        "power-tasks": "^0.8.0",
+        "putil-merge": "^3.8.0",
+        "putil-promisify": "^1.8.5",
+        "putil-varhelpers": "^1.6.4"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0",
+        "npm": ">=7.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/power-tasks": {
+      "version": "0.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/power-tasks/-/power-tasks-0.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HhMcx+y5UkzlEmKslruz8uAU2Yq8CODJsFEMFsYMrGp5EzKpkNHGu0RNvBqyewKJDZHPNKtBSULsEAxMqQIBVQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "debug": "^4.3.4",
+        "doublylinked": "^2.5.1",
+        "strict-typed-events": "^2.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0",
+        "npm": ">=7.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/putil-merge": {
+      "version": "3.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/putil-merge/-/putil-merge-3.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5tXPafJawWFoYZWLhkYXZ7IC/qkI45HgJsgv36lJBeq3qjFZfUITZE01CmWUBIlIn9f1yDiikqgYERARhVmgrg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/putil-promisify": {
+      "version": "1.8.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/putil-promisify/-/putil-promisify-1.8.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DItclasWWZokvpq3Aiaq0iV7WC8isP/0o/8mhC0yV6CQ781N/7NQHA1VyOm6hfpeFEwIQoo1C4Yjc5eH0q6Jbw==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 6.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/putil-varhelpers": {
+      "version": "1.6.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/putil-varhelpers/-/putil-varhelpers-1.6.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nM2nO1HS2yJUyPgz0grd2XZAM0Spr6/tt6F4xXeNDjByV00BV2mq6lZ+sDff8WIfQBI9Hn1Czh93H1xBvKESxw==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 6.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/strict-typed-events": {
+      "version": "2.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strict-typed-events/-/strict-typed-events-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yvHRtEfRRV7TJWi9cLhMt4Mb12JtAwXXONltUlLCA3fRB0LRy94B4E4e2gIlXzT5nZHTZVpOjJNOshri3LZ5bw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "putil-promisify": "^1.8.5",
+        "ts-gems": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ts-gems": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-gems/-/ts-gems-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5IqiG4nq1tsOhYPc4CwxA6bsE+TfU6uAABzf6bH4sdElgXpt/mlStvIYedvvtU7BM1+RRJxCaTLaaVFcCqNaiA==",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "typescript": ">=4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typescript": {
+      "version": "4.7.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-4.7.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-C0WQT0gezHuw6AdY1M2jxUO83Rjf0HP7Sk1DtXj6j1EwkQNZrHAg2XPWlq62oqEhYvONq5pkC2Y9oPljWToLmQ==",
+      "peer": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
+        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=4.2.0"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "debug": {
+      "version": "4.3.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-4.3.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PRWFHuSU3eDtQJPvnNY7Jcket1j0t5OuOsFzPPzsekD52Zl8qUfFIPEiswXqIvHWGVHOgX+7G/vCNNhehwxfkQ==",
+      "requires": {
+        "ms": "2.1.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "doublylinked": {
+      "version": "2.5.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/doublylinked/-/doublylinked-2.5.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Lpqb+qyHpR5Bew8xfKsxVYdjXEYAQ7HLp1IX47kHKmVCZeXErInytonjkL+kE+L4yaKSYEmDNR9MJYr5zwuAKA=="
+    },
+    "lightning-pool": {
+      "version": "3.1.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lightning-pool/-/lightning-pool-3.1.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OgWuoh0BBrikWx/mc/XwIKwC9HHTe/GU3XODLMBPibv7jv8u0o2gQFS7KVEg5U8Oufg6N7mkm8Y1RoiLER0zeQ==",
+      "requires": {
+        "doublylinked": "^2.4.3",
+        "putil-promisify": "^1.8.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "ms": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w=="
+    },
+    "obuf": {
+      "version": "1.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/obuf/-/obuf-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-PX1wu0AmAdPqOL1mWhqmlOd8kOIZQwGZw6rh7uby9fTc5lhaOWFLX3I6R1hrF9k3zUY40e6igsLGkDXK92LJNg=="
+    },
+    "postgres-bytea": {
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+}

test_runner/pg_clients/typescript/postgresql-client/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "type": "module",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "postgresql-client": "^2.1.3"
+  }
+}