While working on export/import commands, I understood that they fit really well into "snapshot-first design".

We may think about backups as snapshots in a different format (i.e plain pgdata format, basebackup tar format, WAL-G format (if they want to support it) and so on). They use same storage API, the only difference is the code that packs/unpacks files.

Even if neon aims to maintains durability using it's own snapshots, backups will be useful for uploading data from postgres to neon.

So here is an attempt to design consistent CLI for different usage scenarios:

#### 1. Start empty pageserver.
That is what we have now.
Init empty pageserver using `initdb` in temporary directory.

`--storage_dest=FILE_PREFIX | S3_PREFIX |...` option defines object storage type, all other parameters are passed via env variables. Inspired by WAL-G style naming : https://wal-g.readthedocs.io/STORAGES/.

Save`storage_dest` and other parameters in config.
Push snapshots to `storage_dest` in background.

```
neon init --storage_dest=S3_PREFIX
neon start
```

#### 2. Restart pageserver (manually or crash-recovery).
Take `storage_dest` from pageserver config, start pageserver from latest snapshot in `storage_dest`.
Push snapshots to `storage_dest` in background.

```
neon start
```

#### 3. Import.
Start pageserver from existing snapshot.
Path to snapshot provided via `--snapshot_path=FILE_PREFIX | S3_PREFIX | ...`
Do not save `snapshot_path` and `snapshot_format` in config, as it is a one-time operation.
Save`storage_dest` parameters in config.
Push snapshots to `storage_dest` in background.
```
//I.e. we want to start neon on top of existing $PGDATA and use s3 as a persistent storage.
neon init --snapshot_path=FILE_PREFIX --snapshot_format=pgdata --storage_dest=S3_PREFIX
neon start
```
How to pass credentials needed for `snapshot_path`?

#### 4. Export.
Manually push snapshot to `snapshot_path` which differs from `storage_dest`
Optionally set `snapshot_format`, which can be plain pgdata format or neon format.
```
neon export --snapshot_path=FILE_PREFIX --snapshot_format=pgdata
```

#### Notes and questions
- safekeeper s3_offload should use same (similar) syntax for storage. How to set it in UI?
- Why do we need `neon init` as a separate command? Can't we init everything at first start?
- We can think of better names for all options.
- Export to plain postgres format will be useless, if we are not 100% compatible on page level.
I can recall at least one such difference - PD_WAL_LOGGED flag in pages.