Files
neon/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer.rs
arpad-m 4f280c2953 Small pageserver cleanups (#4657)
## Problem

I was reading the code of the page server today and found these minor
things that I thought could be cleaned up.

## Summary of changes

* remove a redundant indentation layer and continue in the flushing loop
* use the builtin `PartialEq` check instead of hand-rolling a `range_eq`
function
* Add a missing `>` to a prominent doc comment
2023-07-07 16:53:14 +02:00

606 lines
22 KiB
Rust

//! Common traits and structs for layers
pub mod delta_layer;
mod filename;
mod image_layer;
mod inmemory_layer;
mod layer_desc;
mod remote_layer;
use crate::config::PageServerConf;
use crate::context::RequestContext;
use crate::repository::{Key, Value};
use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
use crate::walrecord::NeonWalRecord;
use anyhow::Result;
use bytes::Bytes;
use enum_map::EnumMap;
use enumset::EnumSet;
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessKind;
use pageserver_api::models::{
HistoricLayerInfo, LayerResidenceEvent, LayerResidenceEventReason, LayerResidenceStatus,
};
use std::ops::Range;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
use tracing::warn;
use utils::history_buffer::HistoryBufferWithDropCounter;
use utils::rate_limit::RateLimit;
use utils::{
id::{TenantId, TimelineId},
lsn::Lsn,
};
pub use delta_layer::{DeltaLayer, DeltaLayerWriter};
pub use filename::{DeltaFileName, ImageFileName, LayerFileName};
pub use image_layer::{ImageLayer, ImageLayerWriter};
pub use inmemory_layer::InMemoryLayer;
pub use layer_desc::{PersistentLayerDesc, PersistentLayerKey};
pub use remote_layer::RemoteLayer;
use super::layer_map::BatchedUpdates;
pub fn range_overlaps<T>(a: &Range<T>, b: &Range<T>) -> bool
where
T: PartialOrd<T>,
{
if a.start < b.start {
a.end > b.start
} else {
b.end > a.start
}
}
/// Struct used to communicate across calls to 'get_value_reconstruct_data'.
///
/// Before first call, you can fill in 'page_img' if you have an older cached
/// version of the page available. That can save work in
/// 'get_value_reconstruct_data', as it can stop searching for page versions
/// when all the WAL records going back to the cached image have been collected.
///
/// When get_value_reconstruct_data returns Complete, 'img' is set to an image
/// of the page, or the oldest WAL record in 'records' is a will_init-type
/// record that initializes the page without requiring a previous image.
///
/// If 'get_page_reconstruct_data' returns Continue, some 'records' may have
/// been collected, but there are more records outside the current layer. Pass
/// the same ValueReconstructState struct in the next 'get_value_reconstruct_data'
/// call, to collect more records.
///
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ValueReconstructState {
pub records: Vec<(Lsn, NeonWalRecord)>,
pub img: Option<(Lsn, Bytes)>,
}
/// Return value from Layer::get_page_reconstruct_data
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub enum ValueReconstructResult {
/// Got all the data needed to reconstruct the requested page
Complete,
/// This layer didn't contain all the required data, the caller should look up
/// the predecessor layer at the returned LSN and collect more data from there.
Continue,
/// This layer didn't contain data needed to reconstruct the page version at
/// the returned LSN. This is usually considered an error, but might be OK
/// in some circumstances.
Missing,
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct LayerAccessStats(Mutex<LayerAccessStatsLocked>);
/// This struct holds two instances of [`LayerAccessStatsInner`].
/// Accesses are recorded to both instances.
/// The `for_scraping_api`instance can be reset from the management API via [`LayerAccessStatsReset`].
/// The `for_eviction_policy` is never reset.
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
struct LayerAccessStatsLocked {
for_scraping_api: LayerAccessStatsInner,
for_eviction_policy: LayerAccessStatsInner,
}
impl LayerAccessStatsLocked {
fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut LayerAccessStatsInner> {
[&mut self.for_scraping_api, &mut self.for_eviction_policy].into_iter()
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
struct LayerAccessStatsInner {
first_access: Option<LayerAccessStatFullDetails>,
count_by_access_kind: EnumMap<LayerAccessKind, u64>,
task_kind_flag: EnumSet<TaskKind>,
last_accesses: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerAccessStatFullDetails, 16>,
last_residence_changes: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerResidenceEvent, 16>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub(crate) struct LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
pub(crate) when: SystemTime,
pub(crate) task_kind: TaskKind,
pub(crate) access_kind: LayerAccessKind,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, strum_macros::EnumString)]
pub enum LayerAccessStatsReset {
NoReset,
JustTaskKindFlags,
AllStats,
}
fn system_time_to_millis_since_epoch(ts: &SystemTime) -> u64 {
ts.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
.expect("better to die in this unlikely case than report false stats")
.as_millis()
.try_into()
.expect("64 bits is enough for few more years")
}
impl LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
fn as_api_model(&self) -> pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
let Self {
when,
task_kind,
access_kind,
} = self;
pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
when_millis_since_epoch: system_time_to_millis_since_epoch(when),
task_kind: task_kind.into(), // into static str, powered by strum_macros
access_kind: *access_kind,
}
}
}
impl LayerAccessStats {
/// Create an empty stats object.
///
/// The caller is responsible for recording a residence event
/// using [`record_residence_event`] before calling `latest_activity`.
/// If they don't, [`latest_activity`] will return `None`.
pub(crate) fn empty_will_record_residence_event_later() -> Self {
LayerAccessStats(Mutex::default())
}
/// Create an empty stats object and record a [`LayerLoad`] event with the given residence status.
///
/// See [`record_residence_event`] for why you need to do this while holding the layer map lock.
pub(crate) fn for_loading_layer(
layer_map_lock_held_witness: &BatchedUpdates<'_>,
status: LayerResidenceStatus,
) -> Self {
let new = LayerAccessStats(Mutex::new(LayerAccessStatsLocked::default()));
new.record_residence_event(
layer_map_lock_held_witness,
status,
LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerLoad,
);
new
}
/// Creates a clone of `self` and records `new_status` in the clone.
///
/// The `new_status` is not recorded in `self`.
///
/// See [`record_residence_event`] for why you need to do this while holding the layer map lock.
pub(crate) fn clone_for_residence_change(
&self,
layer_map_lock_held_witness: &BatchedUpdates<'_>,
new_status: LayerResidenceStatus,
) -> LayerAccessStats {
let clone = {
let inner = self.0.lock().unwrap();
inner.clone()
};
let new = LayerAccessStats(Mutex::new(clone));
new.record_residence_event(
layer_map_lock_held_witness,
new_status,
LayerResidenceEventReason::ResidenceChange,
);
new
}
/// Record a change in layer residency.
///
/// Recording the event must happen while holding the layer map lock to
/// ensure that latest-activity-threshold-based layer eviction (eviction_task.rs)
/// can do an "imitate access" to this layer, before it observes `now-latest_activity() > threshold`.
///
/// If we instead recorded the residence event with a timestamp from before grabbing the layer map lock,
/// the following race could happen:
///
/// - Compact: Write out an L1 layer from several L0 layers. This records residence event LayerCreate with the current timestamp.
/// - Eviction: imitate access logical size calculation. This accesses the L0 layers because the L1 layer is not yet in the layer map.
/// - Compact: Grab layer map lock, add the new L1 to layer map and remove the L0s, release layer map lock.
/// - Eviction: observes the new L1 layer whose only activity timestamp is the LayerCreate event.
///
pub(crate) fn record_residence_event(
&self,
_layer_map_lock_held_witness: &BatchedUpdates<'_>,
status: LayerResidenceStatus,
reason: LayerResidenceEventReason,
) {
let mut locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
locked.iter_mut().for_each(|inner| {
inner
.last_residence_changes
.write(LayerResidenceEvent::new(status, reason))
});
}
fn record_access(&self, access_kind: LayerAccessKind, task_kind: TaskKind) {
let this_access = LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
when: SystemTime::now(),
task_kind,
access_kind,
};
let mut locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
locked.iter_mut().for_each(|inner| {
inner.first_access.get_or_insert(this_access);
inner.count_by_access_kind[access_kind] += 1;
inner.task_kind_flag |= task_kind;
inner.last_accesses.write(this_access);
})
}
fn as_api_model(
&self,
reset: LayerAccessStatsReset,
) -> pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStats {
let mut locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
let inner = &mut locked.for_scraping_api;
let LayerAccessStatsInner {
first_access,
count_by_access_kind,
task_kind_flag,
last_accesses,
last_residence_changes,
} = inner;
let ret = pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStats {
access_count_by_access_kind: count_by_access_kind
.iter()
.map(|(kind, count)| (kind, *count))
.collect(),
task_kind_access_flag: task_kind_flag
.iter()
.map(|task_kind| task_kind.into()) // into static str, powered by strum_macros
.collect(),
first: first_access.as_ref().map(|a| a.as_api_model()),
accesses_history: last_accesses.map(|m| m.as_api_model()),
residence_events_history: last_residence_changes.clone(),
};
match reset {
LayerAccessStatsReset::NoReset => (),
LayerAccessStatsReset::JustTaskKindFlags => {
inner.task_kind_flag.clear();
}
LayerAccessStatsReset::AllStats => {
*inner = LayerAccessStatsInner::default();
}
}
ret
}
/// Get the latest access timestamp, falling back to latest residence event.
///
/// This function can only return `None` if there has not yet been a call to the
/// [`record_residence_event`] method. That would generally be considered an
/// implementation error. This function logs a rate-limited warning in that case.
///
/// TODO: use type system to avoid the need for `fallback`.
/// The approach in https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/3775
/// could be used to enforce that a residence event is recorded
/// before a layer is added to the layer map. We could also have
/// a layer wrapper type that holds the LayerAccessStats, and ensure
/// that that type can only be produced by inserting into the layer map.
pub(crate) fn latest_activity(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
let locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
let inner = &locked.for_eviction_policy;
match inner.last_accesses.recent() {
Some(a) => Some(a.when),
None => match inner.last_residence_changes.recent() {
Some(e) => Some(e.timestamp),
None => {
static WARN_RATE_LIMIT: Lazy<Mutex<(usize, RateLimit)>> =
Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new((0, RateLimit::new(Duration::from_secs(10)))));
let mut guard = WARN_RATE_LIMIT.lock().unwrap();
guard.0 += 1;
let occurences = guard.0;
guard.1.call(move || {
warn!(parent: None, occurences, "latest_activity not available, this is an implementation bug, using fallback value");
});
None
}
},
}
}
}
/// Supertrait of the [`Layer`] trait that captures the bare minimum interface
/// required by [`LayerMap`].
///
/// All layers should implement a minimal `std::fmt::Debug` without tenant or
/// timeline names, because those are known in the context of which the layers
/// are used in (timeline).
pub trait Layer: std::fmt::Debug + std::fmt::Display + Send + Sync {
/// Range of keys that this layer covers
fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key>;
/// Inclusive start bound of the LSN range that this layer holds
/// Exclusive end bound of the LSN range that this layer holds.
///
/// - For an open in-memory layer, this is MAX_LSN.
/// - For a frozen in-memory layer or a delta layer, this is a valid end bound.
/// - An image layer represents snapshot at one LSN, so end_lsn is always the snapshot LSN + 1
fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn>;
/// Does this layer only contain some data for the key-range (incremental),
/// or does it contain a version of every page? This is important to know
/// for garbage collecting old layers: an incremental layer depends on
/// the previous non-incremental layer.
fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool;
///
/// Return data needed to reconstruct given page at LSN.
///
/// It is up to the caller to collect more data from previous layer and
/// perform WAL redo, if necessary.
///
/// See PageReconstructResult for possible return values. The collected data
/// is appended to reconstruct_data; the caller should pass an empty struct
/// on first call, or a struct with a cached older image of the page if one
/// is available. If this returns ValueReconstructResult::Continue, look up
/// the predecessor layer and call again with the same 'reconstruct_data' to
/// collect more data.
fn get_value_reconstruct_data(
&self,
key: Key,
lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
reconstruct_data: &mut ValueReconstructState,
ctx: &RequestContext,
) -> Result<ValueReconstructResult>;
/// Dump summary of the contents of the layer to stdout
fn dump(&self, verbose: bool, ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<()>;
}
/// Returned by [`Layer::iter`]
pub type LayerIter<'i> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(Key, Lsn, Value)>> + 'i + Send>;
/// Returned by [`Layer::key_iter`]
pub type LayerKeyIter<'i> = Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (Key, Lsn, u64)> + 'i + Send>;
/// A Layer contains all data in a "rectangle" consisting of a range of keys and
/// range of LSNs.
///
/// There are two kinds of layers, in-memory and on-disk layers. In-memory
/// layers are used to ingest incoming WAL, and provide fast access to the
/// recent page versions. On-disk layers are stored as files on disk, and are
/// immutable. This trait presents the common functionality of in-memory and
/// on-disk layers.
///
/// Furthermore, there are two kinds of on-disk layers: delta and image layers.
/// A delta layer contains all modifications within a range of LSNs and keys.
/// An image layer is a snapshot of all the data in a key-range, at a single
/// LSN.
pub trait PersistentLayer: Layer {
/// Get the layer descriptor.
fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc;
fn get_tenant_id(&self) -> TenantId {
self.layer_desc().tenant_id
}
/// Identify the timeline this layer belongs to
fn get_timeline_id(&self) -> TimelineId {
self.layer_desc().timeline_id
}
/// File name used for this layer, both in the pageserver's local filesystem
/// state as well as in the remote storage.
fn filename(&self) -> LayerFileName {
self.layer_desc().filename()
}
// Path to the layer file in the local filesystem.
// `None` for `RemoteLayer`.
fn local_path(&self) -> Option<PathBuf>;
/// Iterate through all keys and values stored in the layer
fn iter(&self, ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerIter<'_>>;
/// Iterate through all keys stored in the layer. Returns key, lsn and value size
/// It is used only for compaction and so is currently implemented only for DeltaLayer
fn key_iter(&self, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerKeyIter<'_>> {
panic!("Not implemented")
}
/// Permanently remove this layer from disk.
fn delete_resident_layer_file(&self) -> Result<()>;
fn downcast_remote_layer(self: Arc<Self>) -> Option<std::sync::Arc<RemoteLayer>> {
None
}
fn is_remote_layer(&self) -> bool {
false
}
/// Returns None if the layer file size is not known.
///
/// Should not change over the lifetime of the layer object because
/// current_physical_size is computed as the som of this value.
fn file_size(&self) -> u64 {
self.layer_desc().file_size
}
fn info(&self, reset: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo;
fn access_stats(&self) -> &LayerAccessStats;
}
pub fn downcast_remote_layer(
layer: &Arc<dyn PersistentLayer>,
) -> Option<std::sync::Arc<RemoteLayer>> {
if layer.is_remote_layer() {
Arc::clone(layer).downcast_remote_layer()
} else {
None
}
}
pub mod tests {
use super::*;
/// Holds metadata about a layer without any content. Used mostly for testing.
///
/// To use filenames as fixtures, parse them as [`LayerFileName`] then convert from that to a
/// LayerDescriptor.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct LayerDescriptor {
base: PersistentLayerDesc,
}
impl From<PersistentLayerDesc> for LayerDescriptor {
fn from(base: PersistentLayerDesc) -> Self {
Self { base }
}
}
impl Layer for LayerDescriptor {
fn get_value_reconstruct_data(
&self,
_key: Key,
_lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
_reconstruct_data: &mut ValueReconstructState,
_ctx: &RequestContext,
) -> Result<ValueReconstructResult> {
todo!("This method shouldn't be part of the Layer trait")
}
fn dump(&self, _verbose: bool, _ctx: &RequestContext) -> Result<()> {
todo!()
}
/// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
fn get_key_range(&self) -> Range<Key> {
self.layer_desc().key_range.clone()
}
/// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
fn get_lsn_range(&self) -> Range<Lsn> {
self.layer_desc().lsn_range.clone()
}
/// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
fn is_incremental(&self) -> bool {
self.layer_desc().is_incremental
}
}
/// Boilerplate to implement the Layer trait, always use layer_desc for persistent layers.
impl std::fmt::Display for LayerDescriptor {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.layer_desc().short_id())
}
}
impl PersistentLayer for LayerDescriptor {
fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc {
&self.base
}
fn local_path(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn iter(&self, _: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerIter<'_>> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn key_iter(&self, _: &RequestContext) -> Result<LayerKeyIter<'_>> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn delete_resident_layer_file(&self) -> Result<()> {
unimplemented!()
}
fn info(&self, _: LayerAccessStatsReset) -> HistoricLayerInfo {
unimplemented!()
}
fn access_stats(&self) -> &LayerAccessStats {
unimplemented!()
}
}
impl From<DeltaFileName> for LayerDescriptor {
fn from(value: DeltaFileName) -> Self {
LayerDescriptor {
base: PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
TenantId::from_array([0; 16]),
TimelineId::from_array([0; 16]),
value.key_range,
value.lsn_range,
233,
),
}
}
}
impl From<ImageFileName> for LayerDescriptor {
fn from(value: ImageFileName) -> Self {
LayerDescriptor {
base: PersistentLayerDesc::new_img(
TenantId::from_array([0; 16]),
TimelineId::from_array([0; 16]),
value.key_range,
value.lsn,
false,
233,
),
}
}
}
impl From<LayerFileName> for LayerDescriptor {
fn from(value: LayerFileName) -> Self {
match value {
LayerFileName::Delta(d) => Self::from(d),
LayerFileName::Image(i) => Self::from(i),
}
}
}
}
/// Helper enum to hold a PageServerConf, or a path
///
/// This is used by DeltaLayer and ImageLayer. Normally, this holds a reference to the
/// global config, and paths to layer files are constructed using the tenant/timeline
/// path from the config. But in the 'pagectl' binary, we need to construct a Layer
/// struct for a file on disk, without having a page server running, so that we have no
/// config. In that case, we use the Path variant to hold the full path to the file on
/// disk.
enum PathOrConf {
Path(PathBuf),
Conf(&'static PageServerConf),
}
/// Range wrapping newtype, which uses display to render Debug.
///
/// Useful with `Key`, which has too verbose `{:?}` for printing multiple layers.
struct RangeDisplayDebug<'a, T: std::fmt::Display>(&'a Range<T>);
impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Display> std::fmt::Debug for RangeDisplayDebug<'a, T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}..{}", self.0.start, self.0.end)
}
}