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This script can be used to migrate a tenant across breaking storage versions, or (in the future) upgrading postgres versions. See the comment at the top for an overview. Co-authored-by: Anastasia Lubennikova <anastasia@neon.tech>
709 lines
26 KiB
Python
Executable File
709 lines
26 KiB
Python
Executable File
#
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# Script to export tenants from one pageserver and import them into another page server.
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#
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# Outline of steps:
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# 1. Get `(last_lsn, prev_lsn)` from old pageserver
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# 2. Get `fullbackup` from old pageserver, which creates a basebackup tar file
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# 3. This tar file might be missing relation files for empty relations, if the pageserver
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# is old enough (we didn't always store those). So to recreate them, we start a local
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# vanilla postgres on this basebackup and ask it what relations should exist, then touch
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# any missing files and re-pack the tar.
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# TODO This functionality is no longer needed, so we can delete it later if we don't
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# end up using the same utils for the pg 15 upgrade. Not sure.
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# 4. We import the patched basebackup into a new pageserver
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# 5. We export again via fullbackup, now from the new pageserver and compare the returned
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# tar file with the one we imported. This confirms that we imported everything that was
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# exported, but doesn't guarantee correctness (what if we didn't **export** everything
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# initially?)
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# 6. We wait for the new pageserver's remote_consistent_lsn to catch up
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#
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# For more context on how to use this, see:
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# https://github.com/neondatabase/cloud/wiki/Storage-format-migration
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import os
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from os import path
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import shutil
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from pathlib import Path
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import tempfile
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from contextlib import closing
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import psycopg2
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import subprocess
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import argparse
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import time
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import requests
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import uuid
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from psycopg2.extensions import connection as PgConnection
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from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, TypeVar, cast, Union, Tuple
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###############################################
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### client-side utils copied from test fixtures
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###############################################
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Env = Dict[str, str]
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_global_counter = 0
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def global_counter() -> int:
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""" A really dumb global counter.
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This is useful for giving output files a unique number, so if we run the
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same command multiple times we can keep their output separate.
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"""
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global _global_counter
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_global_counter += 1
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return _global_counter
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def subprocess_capture(capture_dir: str, cmd: List[str], **kwargs: Any) -> str:
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""" Run a process and capture its output
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Output will go to files named "cmd_NNN.stdout" and "cmd_NNN.stderr"
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where "cmd" is the name of the program and NNN is an incrementing
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counter.
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If those files already exist, we will overwrite them.
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Returns basepath for files with captured output.
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"""
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assert type(cmd) is list
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base = os.path.basename(cmd[0]) + '_{}'.format(global_counter())
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basepath = os.path.join(capture_dir, base)
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stdout_filename = basepath + '.stdout'
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stderr_filename = basepath + '.stderr'
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with open(stdout_filename, 'w') as stdout_f:
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with open(stderr_filename, 'w') as stderr_f:
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print('(capturing output to "{}.stdout")'.format(base))
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subprocess.run(cmd, **kwargs, stdout=stdout_f, stderr=stderr_f)
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return basepath
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class PgBin:
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""" A helper class for executing postgres binaries """
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def __init__(self, log_dir: Path, pg_distrib_dir):
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self.log_dir = log_dir
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self.pg_bin_path = os.path.join(str(pg_distrib_dir), 'bin')
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self.env = os.environ.copy()
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self.env['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = os.path.join(str(pg_distrib_dir), 'lib')
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def _fixpath(self, command: List[str]):
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if '/' not in command[0]:
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command[0] = os.path.join(self.pg_bin_path, command[0])
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def _build_env(self, env_add: Optional[Env]) -> Env:
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if env_add is None:
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return self.env
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env = self.env.copy()
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env.update(env_add)
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return env
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def run(self, command: List[str], env: Optional[Env] = None, cwd: Optional[str] = None):
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"""
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Run one of the postgres binaries.
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The command should be in list form, e.g. ['pgbench', '-p', '55432']
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All the necessary environment variables will be set.
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If the first argument (the command name) doesn't include a path (no '/'
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characters present), then it will be edited to include the correct path.
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If you want stdout/stderr captured to files, use `run_capture` instead.
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"""
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self._fixpath(command)
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print('Running command "{}"'.format(' '.join(command)))
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env = self._build_env(env)
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subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, check=True)
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def run_capture(self,
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command: List[str],
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env: Optional[Env] = None,
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cwd: Optional[str] = None,
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**kwargs: Any) -> str:
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"""
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Run one of the postgres binaries, with stderr and stdout redirected to a file.
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This is just like `run`, but for chatty programs. Returns basepath for files
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with captured output.
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"""
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self._fixpath(command)
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print('Running command "{}"'.format(' '.join(command)))
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env = self._build_env(env)
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return subprocess_capture(str(self.log_dir),
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command,
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env=env,
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cwd=cwd,
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check=True,
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**kwargs)
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class PgProtocol:
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""" Reusable connection logic """
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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self.default_options = kwargs
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def conn_options(self, **kwargs):
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conn_options = self.default_options.copy()
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if 'dsn' in kwargs:
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conn_options.update(parse_dsn(kwargs['dsn']))
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conn_options.update(kwargs)
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# Individual statement timeout in seconds. 2 minutes should be
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# enough for our tests, but if you need a longer, you can
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# change it by calling "SET statement_timeout" after
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# connecting.
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if 'options' in conn_options:
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conn_options['options'] = f"-cstatement_timeout=120s " + conn_options['options']
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else:
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conn_options['options'] = "-cstatement_timeout=120s"
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return conn_options
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# autocommit=True here by default because that's what we need most of the time
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def connect(self, autocommit=True, **kwargs) -> PgConnection:
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"""
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Connect to the node.
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Returns psycopg2's connection object.
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This method passes all extra params to connstr.
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"""
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conn = psycopg2.connect(**self.conn_options(**kwargs))
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# WARNING: this setting affects *all* tests!
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conn.autocommit = autocommit
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return conn
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def safe_psql(self, query: str, **kwargs: Any) -> List[Tuple[Any, ...]]:
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"""
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Execute query against the node and return all rows.
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This method passes all extra params to connstr.
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"""
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return self.safe_psql_many([query], **kwargs)[0]
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def safe_psql_many(self, queries: List[str], **kwargs: Any) -> List[List[Tuple[Any, ...]]]:
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"""
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Execute queries against the node and return all rows.
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This method passes all extra params to connstr.
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"""
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result: List[List[Any]] = []
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with closing(self.connect(**kwargs)) as conn:
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with conn.cursor() as cur:
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for query in queries:
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print(f"Executing query: {query}")
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cur.execute(query)
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if cur.description is None:
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result.append([]) # query didn't return data
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else:
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result.append(cast(List[Any], cur.fetchall()))
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return result
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class VanillaPostgres(PgProtocol):
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def __init__(self, pgdatadir: Path, pg_bin: PgBin, port: int, init=True):
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super().__init__(host='localhost', port=port, dbname='postgres')
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self.pgdatadir = pgdatadir
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self.pg_bin = pg_bin
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self.running = False
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if init:
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self.pg_bin.run_capture(['initdb', '-D', str(pgdatadir)])
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self.configure([f"port = {port}\n"])
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def configure(self, options: List[str]):
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"""Append lines into postgresql.conf file."""
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assert not self.running
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with open(os.path.join(self.pgdatadir, 'postgresql.conf'), 'a') as conf_file:
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conf_file.write("\n".join(options))
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def start(self, log_path: Optional[str] = None):
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assert not self.running
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self.running = True
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if log_path is None:
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log_path = os.path.join(self.pgdatadir, "pg.log")
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self.pg_bin.run_capture(
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['pg_ctl', '-w', '-D', str(self.pgdatadir), '-l', log_path, 'start'])
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def stop(self):
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assert self.running
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self.running = False
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self.pg_bin.run_capture(['pg_ctl', '-w', '-D', str(self.pgdatadir), 'stop'])
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def __enter__(self):
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return self
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def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
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if self.running:
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self.stop()
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class NeonPageserverApiException(Exception):
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pass
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class NeonPageserverHttpClient(requests.Session):
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def __init__(self, host, port):
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super().__init__()
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self.host = host
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self.port = port
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def verbose_error(self, res: requests.Response):
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try:
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res.raise_for_status()
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except requests.RequestException as e:
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try:
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msg = res.json()['msg']
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except:
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msg = ''
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raise NeonPageserverApiException(msg) from e
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def check_status(self):
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self.get(f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/status").raise_for_status()
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def tenant_list(self):
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res = self.get(f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/tenant")
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self.verbose_error(res)
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res_json = res.json()
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assert isinstance(res_json, list)
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return res_json
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def tenant_create(self, new_tenant_id: uuid.UUID, ok_if_exists):
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res = self.post(
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f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/tenant",
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json={
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'new_tenant_id': new_tenant_id.hex,
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},
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)
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if res.status_code == 409:
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if ok_if_exists:
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print(f'could not create tenant: already exists for id {new_tenant_id}')
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else:
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res.raise_for_status()
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elif res.status_code == 201:
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print(f'created tenant {new_tenant_id}')
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else:
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self.verbose_error(res)
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return new_tenant_id
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def timeline_list(self, tenant_id: uuid.UUID):
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res = self.get(f"http://{self.host}:{self.port}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id.hex}/timeline")
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self.verbose_error(res)
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res_json = res.json()
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assert isinstance(res_json, list)
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return res_json
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def timeline_detail(self, tenant_id: uuid.UUID, timeline_id: uuid.UUID) -> Dict[Any, Any]:
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res = self.get(
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f"http://localhost:{self.port}/v1/tenant/{tenant_id.hex}/timeline/{timeline_id.hex}?include-non-incremental-logical-size=1"
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)
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self.verbose_error(res)
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res_json = res.json()
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assert isinstance(res_json, dict)
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return res_json
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def lsn_to_hex(num: int) -> str:
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""" Convert lsn from int to standard hex notation. """
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return "{:X}/{:X}".format(num >> 32, num & 0xffffffff)
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def lsn_from_hex(lsn_hex: str) -> int:
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""" Convert lsn from hex notation to int. """
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l, r = lsn_hex.split('/')
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return (int(l, 16) << 32) + int(r, 16)
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def remote_consistent_lsn(pageserver_http_client: NeonPageserverHttpClient,
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tenant: uuid.UUID,
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timeline: uuid.UUID) -> int:
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detail = pageserver_http_client.timeline_detail(tenant, timeline)
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if detail['remote'] is None:
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# No remote information at all. This happens right after creating
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# a timeline, before any part of it has been uploaded to remote
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# storage yet.
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return 0
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else:
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lsn_str = detail['remote']['remote_consistent_lsn']
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assert isinstance(lsn_str, str)
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return lsn_from_hex(lsn_str)
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def wait_for_upload(pageserver_http_client: NeonPageserverHttpClient,
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tenant: uuid.UUID,
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timeline: uuid.UUID,
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lsn: int):
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"""waits for local timeline upload up to specified lsn"""
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for i in range(10):
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current_lsn = remote_consistent_lsn(pageserver_http_client, tenant, timeline)
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if current_lsn >= lsn:
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return
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print("waiting for remote_consistent_lsn to reach {}, now {}, iteration {}".format(
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lsn_to_hex(lsn), lsn_to_hex(current_lsn), i + 1))
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time.sleep(1)
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raise Exception("timed out while waiting for remote_consistent_lsn to reach {}, was {}".format(
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lsn_to_hex(lsn), lsn_to_hex(current_lsn)))
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##############
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# End of utils
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##############
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def pack_base(log_dir, restored_dir, output_tar):
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"""Create tar file from basebackup, being careful to produce relative filenames."""
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tmp_tar_name = "tmp.tar"
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tmp_tar_path = os.path.join(restored_dir, tmp_tar_name)
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cmd = ["tar", "-cf", tmp_tar_name] + os.listdir(restored_dir)
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# We actually cd into the dir and call tar from there. If we call tar from
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# outside we won't encode filenames as relative, and they won't parse well
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# on import.
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subprocess_capture(log_dir, cmd, cwd=restored_dir)
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shutil.move(tmp_tar_path, output_tar)
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def reconstruct_paths(log_dir, pg_bin, base_tar):
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"""Reconstruct what relation files should exist in the datadir by querying postgres."""
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with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as restored_dir:
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# Unpack the base tar
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subprocess_capture(log_dir, ["tar", "-xf", base_tar, "-C", restored_dir])
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# Start a vanilla postgres from the given datadir and query it to find
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# what relfiles should exist, but possibly don't.
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port = "55439" # Probably free
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with VanillaPostgres(restored_dir, pg_bin, port, init=False) as vanilla_pg:
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vanilla_pg.configure([f"port={port}"])
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vanilla_pg.start(log_path=os.path.join(log_dir, "tmp_pg.log"))
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# Create database based on template0 because we can't connect to template0
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query = "create database template0copy template template0"
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vanilla_pg.safe_psql(query, user="cloud_admin")
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vanilla_pg.safe_psql("CHECKPOINT", user="cloud_admin")
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# Get all databases
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query = "select oid, datname from pg_database"
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oid_dbname_pairs = vanilla_pg.safe_psql(query, user="cloud_admin")
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template0_oid = [
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oid for (oid, database) in oid_dbname_pairs if database == "template0"
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][0]
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# Get rel paths for each database
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for oid, database in oid_dbname_pairs:
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if database == "template0":
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# We can't connect to template0
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continue
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query = "select relname, pg_relation_filepath(oid) from pg_class"
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result = vanilla_pg.safe_psql(query, user="cloud_admin", dbname=database)
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for relname, filepath in result:
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if filepath is not None:
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if database == "template0copy":
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# Add all template0copy paths to template0
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prefix = f"base/{oid}/"
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if filepath.startswith(prefix):
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suffix = filepath[len(prefix):]
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yield f"base/{template0_oid}/{suffix}"
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elif filepath.startswith("global"):
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print(f"skipping {database} global file {filepath}")
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else:
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raise AssertionError
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else:
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yield filepath
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def touch_missing_rels(log_dir, corrupt_tar, output_tar, paths):
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"""Add the appropriate empty files to a basebadkup tar."""
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with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as restored_dir:
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# Unpack the base tar
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subprocess_capture(log_dir, ["tar", "-xf", corrupt_tar, "-C", restored_dir])
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# Touch files that don't exist
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for path in paths:
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absolute_path = os.path.join(restored_dir, path)
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exists = os.path.exists(absolute_path)
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if not exists:
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print(f"File {absolute_path} didn't exist. Creating..")
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Path(absolute_path).touch()
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# Repackage
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pack_base(log_dir, restored_dir, output_tar)
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# HACK This is a workaround for exporting from old pageservers that
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# can't export empty relations. In this case we need to start
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# a vanilla postgres from the exported datadir, and query it
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# to see what empty relations are missing, and then create
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# those empty files before importing.
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def add_missing_rels(base_tar, output_tar, log_dir, pg_bin):
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reconstructed_paths = set(reconstruct_paths(log_dir, pg_bin, base_tar))
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touch_missing_rels(log_dir, base_tar, output_tar, reconstructed_paths)
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def get_rlsn(pageserver_connstr, tenant_id, timeline_id):
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conn = psycopg2.connect(pageserver_connstr)
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conn.autocommit = True
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with conn.cursor() as cur:
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cmd = f"get_last_record_rlsn {tenant_id} {timeline_id}"
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cur.execute(cmd)
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res = cur.fetchone()
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prev_lsn = res[0]
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last_lsn = res[1]
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conn.close()
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return last_lsn, prev_lsn
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def import_timeline(args,
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psql_path,
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pageserver_connstr,
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pageserver_http,
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tenant_id,
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timeline_id,
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last_lsn,
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prev_lsn,
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tar_filename):
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# Import timelines to new pageserver
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import_cmd = f"import basebackup {tenant_id} {timeline_id} {last_lsn} {last_lsn}"
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full_cmd = rf"""cat {tar_filename} | {psql_path} {pageserver_connstr} -c '{import_cmd}' """
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stderr_filename2 = path.join(args.work_dir, f"import_{tenant_id}_{timeline_id}.stderr")
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stdout_filename = path.join(args.work_dir, f"import_{tenant_id}_{timeline_id}.stdout")
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print(f"Running: {full_cmd}")
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with open(stdout_filename, 'w') as stdout_f:
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with open(stderr_filename2, 'w') as stderr_f:
|
|
print(f"(capturing output to {stdout_filename})")
|
|
pg_bin = PgBin(args.work_dir, args.pg_distrib_dir)
|
|
subprocess.run(full_cmd,
|
|
stdout=stdout_f,
|
|
stderr=stderr_f,
|
|
env=pg_bin._build_env(None),
|
|
shell=True,
|
|
check=True)
|
|
|
|
print(f"Done import")
|
|
|
|
# Wait until pageserver persists the files
|
|
wait_for_upload(pageserver_http,
|
|
uuid.UUID(tenant_id),
|
|
uuid.UUID(timeline_id),
|
|
lsn_from_hex(last_lsn))
|
|
|
|
|
|
def export_timeline(args,
|
|
psql_path,
|
|
pageserver_connstr,
|
|
tenant_id,
|
|
timeline_id,
|
|
last_lsn,
|
|
prev_lsn,
|
|
tar_filename):
|
|
# Choose filenames
|
|
incomplete_filename = tar_filename + ".incomplete"
|
|
stderr_filename = path.join(args.work_dir, f"{tenant_id}_{timeline_id}.stderr")
|
|
|
|
# Construct export command
|
|
query = f"fullbackup {tenant_id} {timeline_id} {last_lsn} {prev_lsn}"
|
|
cmd = [psql_path, "--no-psqlrc", pageserver_connstr, "-c", query]
|
|
|
|
# Run export command
|
|
print(f"Running: {cmd}")
|
|
with open(incomplete_filename, 'w') as stdout_f:
|
|
with open(stderr_filename, 'w') as stderr_f:
|
|
print(f"(capturing output to {incomplete_filename})")
|
|
pg_bin = PgBin(args.work_dir, args.pg_distrib_dir)
|
|
subprocess.run(cmd,
|
|
stdout=stdout_f,
|
|
stderr=stderr_f,
|
|
env=pg_bin._build_env(None),
|
|
check=True)
|
|
|
|
# Add missing rels
|
|
pg_bin = PgBin(args.work_dir, args.pg_distrib_dir)
|
|
add_missing_rels(incomplete_filename, tar_filename, args.work_dir, pg_bin)
|
|
|
|
# Log more info
|
|
file_size = os.path.getsize(tar_filename)
|
|
print(f"Done export: {tar_filename}, size {file_size}")
|
|
|
|
|
|
def main(args: argparse.Namespace):
|
|
psql_path = str(Path(args.pg_distrib_dir) / "bin" / "psql")
|
|
|
|
old_pageserver_host = args.old_pageserver_host
|
|
new_pageserver_host = args.new_pageserver_host
|
|
|
|
old_http_client = NeonPageserverHttpClient(old_pageserver_host, args.old_pageserver_http_port)
|
|
old_http_client.check_status()
|
|
old_pageserver_connstr = f"postgresql://{old_pageserver_host}:{args.old_pageserver_pg_port}"
|
|
|
|
new_http_client = NeonPageserverHttpClient(new_pageserver_host, args.new_pageserver_http_port)
|
|
new_http_client.check_status()
|
|
new_pageserver_connstr = f"postgresql://{new_pageserver_host}:{args.new_pageserver_pg_port}"
|
|
|
|
for tenant_id in args.tenants:
|
|
print(f"Tenant: {tenant_id}")
|
|
timelines = old_http_client.timeline_list(uuid.UUID(tenant_id))
|
|
print(f"Timelines: {timelines}")
|
|
|
|
# Create tenant in new pageserver
|
|
if args.only_import is False and not args.timelines:
|
|
new_http_client.tenant_create(uuid.UUID(tenant_id), args.ok_if_exists)
|
|
|
|
for timeline in timelines:
|
|
# Skip timelines we don't need to export
|
|
if args.timelines and timeline['timeline_id'] not in args.timelines:
|
|
print(f"Skipping timeline {timeline['timeline_id']}")
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
# Choose filenames
|
|
tar_filename = path.join(args.work_dir,
|
|
f"{timeline['tenant_id']}_{timeline['timeline_id']}.tar")
|
|
|
|
# Export timeline from old pageserver
|
|
if args.only_import is False:
|
|
last_lsn, prev_lsn = get_rlsn(
|
|
old_pageserver_connstr,
|
|
timeline['tenant_id'],
|
|
timeline['timeline_id'],
|
|
)
|
|
export_timeline(
|
|
args,
|
|
psql_path,
|
|
old_pageserver_connstr,
|
|
timeline['tenant_id'],
|
|
timeline['timeline_id'],
|
|
last_lsn,
|
|
prev_lsn,
|
|
tar_filename,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Import into new pageserver
|
|
import_timeline(
|
|
args,
|
|
psql_path,
|
|
new_pageserver_connstr,
|
|
new_http_client,
|
|
timeline['tenant_id'],
|
|
timeline['timeline_id'],
|
|
last_lsn,
|
|
prev_lsn,
|
|
tar_filename,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# Re-export and compare
|
|
re_export_filename = tar_filename + ".reexport"
|
|
export_timeline(args,
|
|
psql_path,
|
|
new_pageserver_connstr,
|
|
timeline['tenant_id'],
|
|
timeline['timeline_id'],
|
|
last_lsn,
|
|
prev_lsn,
|
|
re_export_filename)
|
|
|
|
# Check the size is the same
|
|
old_size = os.path.getsize(tar_filename),
|
|
new_size = os.path.getsize(re_export_filename),
|
|
if old_size != new_size:
|
|
raise AssertionError(f"Sizes don't match old: {old_size} new: {new_size}")
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--tenant-id',
|
|
dest='tenants',
|
|
required=True,
|
|
nargs='+',
|
|
help='Id of the tenant to migrate. You can pass multiple arguments',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--timeline-id',
|
|
dest='timelines',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
nargs='+',
|
|
help='Id of the timeline to migrate. You can pass multiple arguments',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--from-host',
|
|
dest='old_pageserver_host',
|
|
required=True,
|
|
help='Host of the pageserver to migrate data from',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--from-http-port',
|
|
dest='old_pageserver_http_port',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
type=int,
|
|
default=9898,
|
|
help='HTTP port of the pageserver to migrate data from. Default: 9898',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--from-pg-port',
|
|
dest='old_pageserver_pg_port',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
type=int,
|
|
default=6400,
|
|
help='pg port of the pageserver to migrate data from. Default: 6400',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--to-host',
|
|
dest='new_pageserver_host',
|
|
required=True,
|
|
help='Host of the pageserver to migrate data to',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--to-http-port',
|
|
dest='new_pageserver_http_port',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
default=9898,
|
|
type=int,
|
|
help='HTTP port of the pageserver to migrate data to. Default: 9898',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--to-pg-port',
|
|
dest='new_pageserver_pg_port',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
default=6400,
|
|
type=int,
|
|
help='pg port of the pageserver to migrate data to. Default: 6400',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--ignore-tenant-exists',
|
|
dest='ok_if_exists',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
help=
|
|
'Ignore error if we are trying to create the tenant that already exists. It can be dangerous if existing tenant already contains some data.',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--pg-distrib-dir',
|
|
dest='pg_distrib_dir',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
default='/usr/local/',
|
|
help='Path where postgres binaries are installed. Default: /usr/local/',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--psql-path',
|
|
dest='psql_path',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
default='/usr/local/bin/psql',
|
|
help='Path to the psql binary. Default: /usr/local/bin/psql',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--only-import',
|
|
dest='only_import',
|
|
required=False,
|
|
default=False,
|
|
action='store_true',
|
|
help='Skip export and tenant creation part',
|
|
)
|
|
parser.add_argument(
|
|
'--work-dir',
|
|
dest='work_dir',
|
|
required=True,
|
|
default=False,
|
|
help='directory where temporary tar files are stored',
|
|
)
|
|
args = parser.parse_args()
|
|
main(args)
|