Files
neon/pageserver/src/tenant/storage_layer.rs

764 lines
26 KiB
Rust

//! Common traits and structs for layers
pub mod delta_layer;
pub mod image_layer;
pub(crate) mod inmemory_layer;
pub(crate) mod layer;
mod layer_desc;
mod layer_name;
use crate::context::{AccessStatsBehavior, RequestContext};
use crate::repository::Value;
use crate::task_mgr::TaskKind;
use crate::walrecord::NeonWalRecord;
use bytes::Bytes;
use enum_map::EnumMap;
use enumset::EnumSet;
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use pageserver_api::key::Key;
use pageserver_api::keyspace::{KeySpace, KeySpaceRandomAccum};
use pageserver_api::models::{
LayerAccessKind, LayerResidenceEvent, LayerResidenceEventReason, LayerResidenceStatus,
};
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::cmp::{Ordering, Reverse};
use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, HashMap};
use std::ops::Range;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
use tracing::warn;
use utils::history_buffer::HistoryBufferWithDropCounter;
use utils::rate_limit::RateLimit;
use utils::{id::TimelineId, lsn::Lsn};
pub use delta_layer::{DeltaLayer, DeltaLayerWriter, ValueRef};
pub use image_layer::{ImageLayer, ImageLayerWriter};
pub use inmemory_layer::InMemoryLayer;
pub use layer_desc::{PersistentLayerDesc, PersistentLayerKey};
pub use layer_name::{DeltaLayerName, ImageLayerName, LayerName};
pub(crate) use layer::{EvictionError, Layer, ResidentLayer};
use self::inmemory_layer::InMemoryLayerFileId;
use super::timeline::GetVectoredError;
use super::PageReconstructError;
pub fn range_overlaps<T>(a: &Range<T>, b: &Range<T>) -> bool
where
T: PartialOrd<T>,
{
if a.start < b.start {
a.end > b.start
} else {
b.end > a.start
}
}
/// Struct used to communicate across calls to 'get_value_reconstruct_data'.
///
/// Before first call, you can fill in 'page_img' if you have an older cached
/// version of the page available. That can save work in
/// 'get_value_reconstruct_data', as it can stop searching for page versions
/// when all the WAL records going back to the cached image have been collected.
///
/// When get_value_reconstruct_data returns Complete, 'img' is set to an image
/// of the page, or the oldest WAL record in 'records' is a will_init-type
/// record that initializes the page without requiring a previous image.
///
/// If 'get_page_reconstruct_data' returns Continue, some 'records' may have
/// been collected, but there are more records outside the current layer. Pass
/// the same ValueReconstructState struct in the next 'get_value_reconstruct_data'
/// call, to collect more records.
///
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct ValueReconstructState {
pub records: Vec<(Lsn, NeonWalRecord)>,
pub img: Option<(Lsn, Bytes)>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) enum ValueReconstructSituation {
Complete,
#[default]
Continue,
}
/// Reconstruct data accumulated for a single key during a vectored get
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct VectoredValueReconstructState {
pub(crate) records: Vec<(Lsn, NeonWalRecord)>,
pub(crate) img: Option<(Lsn, Bytes)>,
situation: ValueReconstructSituation,
}
impl VectoredValueReconstructState {
fn get_cached_lsn(&self) -> Option<Lsn> {
self.img.as_ref().map(|img| img.0)
}
}
impl From<VectoredValueReconstructState> for ValueReconstructState {
fn from(mut state: VectoredValueReconstructState) -> Self {
// walredo expects the records to be descending in terms of Lsn
state.records.sort_by_key(|(lsn, _)| Reverse(*lsn));
ValueReconstructState {
records: state.records,
img: state.img,
}
}
}
/// Bag of data accumulated during a vectored get..
pub(crate) struct ValuesReconstructState {
/// The keys will be removed after `get_vectored` completes. The caller outside `Timeline`
/// should not expect to get anything from this hashmap.
pub(crate) keys: HashMap<Key, Result<VectoredValueReconstructState, PageReconstructError>>,
/// The keys which are already retrieved
keys_done: KeySpaceRandomAccum,
/// The keys covered by the image layers
keys_with_image_coverage: Option<Range<Key>>,
// Statistics that are still accessible as a caller of `get_vectored_impl`.
layers_visited: u32,
delta_layers_visited: u32,
}
impl ValuesReconstructState {
pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
Self {
keys: HashMap::new(),
keys_done: KeySpaceRandomAccum::new(),
keys_with_image_coverage: None,
layers_visited: 0,
delta_layers_visited: 0,
}
}
/// Associate a key with the error which it encountered and mark it as done
pub(crate) fn on_key_error(&mut self, key: Key, err: PageReconstructError) {
let previous = self.keys.insert(key, Err(err));
if let Some(Ok(state)) = previous {
if state.situation == ValueReconstructSituation::Continue {
self.keys_done.add_key(key);
}
}
}
pub(crate) fn on_layer_visited(&mut self, layer: &ReadableLayer) {
self.layers_visited += 1;
if let ReadableLayer::PersistentLayer(layer) = layer {
if layer.layer_desc().is_delta() {
self.delta_layers_visited += 1;
}
}
}
pub(crate) fn get_delta_layers_visited(&self) -> u32 {
self.delta_layers_visited
}
pub(crate) fn get_layers_visited(&self) -> u32 {
self.layers_visited
}
/// This function is called after reading a keyspace from a layer.
/// It checks if the read path has now moved past the cached Lsn for any keys.
///
/// Implementation note: We intentionally iterate over the keys for which we've
/// already collected some reconstruct data. This avoids scaling complexity with
/// the size of the search space.
pub(crate) fn on_lsn_advanced(&mut self, keyspace: &KeySpace, advanced_to: Lsn) {
for (key, value) in self.keys.iter_mut() {
if !keyspace.contains(key) {
continue;
}
if let Ok(state) = value {
if state.situation != ValueReconstructSituation::Complete
&& state.get_cached_lsn() >= Some(advanced_to)
{
state.situation = ValueReconstructSituation::Complete;
self.keys_done.add_key(*key);
}
}
}
}
/// On hitting image layer, we can mark all keys in this range as done, because
/// if the image layer does not contain a key, it is deleted/never added.
pub(crate) fn on_image_layer_visited(&mut self, key_range: &Range<Key>) {
let prev_val = self.keys_with_image_coverage.replace(key_range.clone());
assert_eq!(
prev_val, None,
"should consume the keyspace before the next iteration"
);
}
/// Update the state collected for a given key.
/// Returns true if this was the last value needed for the key and false otherwise.
///
/// If the key is done after the update, mark it as such.
pub(crate) fn update_key(
&mut self,
key: &Key,
lsn: Lsn,
value: Value,
) -> ValueReconstructSituation {
let state = self
.keys
.entry(*key)
.or_insert(Ok(VectoredValueReconstructState::default()));
if let Ok(state) = state {
let key_done = match state.situation {
ValueReconstructSituation::Complete => unreachable!(),
ValueReconstructSituation::Continue => match value {
Value::Image(img) => {
state.img = Some((lsn, img));
true
}
Value::WalRecord(rec) => {
debug_assert!(
Some(lsn) > state.get_cached_lsn(),
"Attempt to collect a record below cached LSN for walredo: {} < {}",
lsn,
state
.get_cached_lsn()
.expect("Assertion can only fire if a cached lsn is present")
);
let will_init = rec.will_init();
state.records.push((lsn, rec));
will_init
}
},
};
if key_done && state.situation == ValueReconstructSituation::Continue {
state.situation = ValueReconstructSituation::Complete;
self.keys_done.add_key(*key);
}
state.situation
} else {
ValueReconstructSituation::Complete
}
}
/// Returns the Lsn at which this key is cached if one exists.
/// The read path should go no further than this Lsn for the given key.
pub(crate) fn get_cached_lsn(&self, key: &Key) -> Option<Lsn> {
self.keys
.get(key)
.and_then(|k| k.as_ref().ok())
.and_then(|state| state.get_cached_lsn())
}
/// Returns the key space describing the keys that have
/// been marked as completed since the last call to this function.
/// Returns individual keys done, and the image layer coverage.
pub(crate) fn consume_done_keys(&mut self) -> (KeySpace, Option<Range<Key>>) {
(
self.keys_done.consume_keyspace(),
self.keys_with_image_coverage.take(),
)
}
}
impl Default for ValuesReconstructState {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
/// A key that uniquely identifies a layer in a timeline
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
pub(crate) enum LayerId {
PersitentLayerId(PersistentLayerKey),
InMemoryLayerId(InMemoryLayerFileId),
}
/// Layer wrapper for the read path. Note that it is valid
/// to use these layers even after external operations have
/// been performed on them (compaction, freeze, etc.).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) enum ReadableLayer {
PersistentLayer(Layer),
InMemoryLayer(Arc<InMemoryLayer>),
}
/// A partial description of a read to be done.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct ReadDesc {
/// An id used to resolve the readable layer within the fringe
layer_id: LayerId,
/// Lsn range for the read, used for selecting the next read
lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
}
/// Data structure which maintains a fringe of layers for the
/// read path. The fringe is the set of layers which intersects
/// the current keyspace that the search is descending on.
/// Each layer tracks the keyspace that intersects it.
///
/// The fringe must appear sorted by Lsn. Hence, it uses
/// a two layer indexing scheme.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct LayerFringe {
planned_reads_by_lsn: BinaryHeap<ReadDesc>,
layers: HashMap<LayerId, LayerKeyspace>,
}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct LayerKeyspace {
layer: ReadableLayer,
target_keyspace: KeySpaceRandomAccum,
}
impl LayerFringe {
pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
LayerFringe {
planned_reads_by_lsn: BinaryHeap::new(),
layers: HashMap::new(),
}
}
pub(crate) fn next_layer(&mut self) -> Option<(ReadableLayer, KeySpace, Range<Lsn>)> {
let read_desc = match self.planned_reads_by_lsn.pop() {
Some(desc) => desc,
None => return None,
};
let removed = self.layers.remove_entry(&read_desc.layer_id);
match removed {
Some((
_,
LayerKeyspace {
layer,
mut target_keyspace,
},
)) => Some((
layer,
target_keyspace.consume_keyspace(),
read_desc.lsn_range,
)),
None => unreachable!("fringe internals are always consistent"),
}
}
pub(crate) fn update(
&mut self,
layer: ReadableLayer,
keyspace: KeySpace,
lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
) {
let layer_id = layer.id();
let entry = self.layers.entry(layer_id.clone());
match entry {
Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
entry.get_mut().target_keyspace.add_keyspace(keyspace);
}
Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
self.planned_reads_by_lsn.push(ReadDesc {
lsn_range,
layer_id: layer_id.clone(),
});
let mut accum = KeySpaceRandomAccum::new();
accum.add_keyspace(keyspace);
entry.insert(LayerKeyspace {
layer,
target_keyspace: accum,
});
}
}
}
}
impl Default for LayerFringe {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
impl Ord for ReadDesc {
fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
let ord = self.lsn_range.end.cmp(&other.lsn_range.end);
if ord == std::cmp::Ordering::Equal {
self.lsn_range.start.cmp(&other.lsn_range.start).reverse()
} else {
ord
}
}
}
impl PartialOrd for ReadDesc {
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
Some(self.cmp(other))
}
}
impl PartialEq for ReadDesc {
fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.lsn_range == other.lsn_range
}
}
impl Eq for ReadDesc {}
impl ReadableLayer {
pub(crate) fn id(&self) -> LayerId {
match self {
Self::PersistentLayer(layer) => LayerId::PersitentLayerId(layer.layer_desc().key()),
Self::InMemoryLayer(layer) => LayerId::InMemoryLayerId(layer.file_id()),
}
}
pub(crate) async fn get_values_reconstruct_data(
&self,
keyspace: KeySpace,
lsn_range: Range<Lsn>,
reconstruct_state: &mut ValuesReconstructState,
ctx: &RequestContext,
) -> Result<(), GetVectoredError> {
match self {
ReadableLayer::PersistentLayer(layer) => {
layer
.get_values_reconstruct_data(keyspace, lsn_range, reconstruct_state, ctx)
.await
}
ReadableLayer::InMemoryLayer(layer) => {
layer
.get_values_reconstruct_data(keyspace, lsn_range.end, reconstruct_state, ctx)
.await
}
}
}
}
/// Return value from [`Layer::get_value_reconstruct_data`]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub enum ValueReconstructResult {
/// Got all the data needed to reconstruct the requested page
Complete,
/// This layer didn't contain all the required data, the caller should look up
/// the predecessor layer at the returned LSN and collect more data from there.
Continue,
/// This layer didn't contain data needed to reconstruct the page version at
/// the returned LSN. This is usually considered an error, but might be OK
/// in some circumstances.
Missing,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) enum LayerVisibility {
/// A Visible layer might be read while serving a read, because there is not an image layer between it
/// and a readable LSN (the tip of the branch or a child's branch point)
Visible,
/// A Covered layer probably won't be read right now, but _can_ be read in future if someone creates
/// a branch or ephemeral endpoint at an LSN below the layer that covers this.
Covered,
/// Calculating layer visibilty requires I/O, so until this has happened layers are loaded
/// in this state. Note that newly written layers may be called Visible immediately, this uninitialized
/// state is for when existing layers are constructed while loading a timeline.
Uninitialized,
}
impl Default for LayerVisibility {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::Uninitialized
}
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct LayerAccessStats(Mutex<LayerAccessStatsLocked>);
/// This struct holds two instances of [`LayerAccessStatsInner`].
/// Accesses are recorded to both instances.
/// The `for_scraping_api`instance can be reset from the management API via [`LayerAccessStatsReset`].
/// The `for_eviction_policy` is never reset.
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
struct LayerAccessStatsLocked {
for_scraping_api: LayerAccessStatsInner,
for_eviction_policy: LayerAccessStatsInner,
visibility: LayerVisibility,
}
impl LayerAccessStatsLocked {
fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut LayerAccessStatsInner> {
[&mut self.for_scraping_api, &mut self.for_eviction_policy].into_iter()
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
struct LayerAccessStatsInner {
first_access: Option<LayerAccessStatFullDetails>,
count_by_access_kind: EnumMap<LayerAccessKind, u64>,
task_kind_flag: EnumSet<TaskKind>,
last_accesses: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerAccessStatFullDetails, 16>,
last_residence_changes: HistoryBufferWithDropCounter<LayerResidenceEvent, 16>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub(crate) struct LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
pub(crate) when: SystemTime,
pub(crate) task_kind: TaskKind,
pub(crate) access_kind: LayerAccessKind,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, strum_macros::EnumString)]
pub enum LayerAccessStatsReset {
NoReset,
JustTaskKindFlags,
AllStats,
}
fn system_time_to_millis_since_epoch(ts: &SystemTime) -> u64 {
ts.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
.expect("better to die in this unlikely case than report false stats")
.as_millis()
.try_into()
.expect("64 bits is enough for few more years")
}
impl LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
fn as_api_model(&self) -> pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
let Self {
when,
task_kind,
access_kind,
} = self;
pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
when_millis_since_epoch: system_time_to_millis_since_epoch(when),
task_kind: Cow::Borrowed(task_kind.into()), // into static str, powered by strum_macros
access_kind: *access_kind,
}
}
}
impl LayerAccessStats {
/// Create an empty stats object.
///
/// The caller is responsible for recording a residence event
/// using [`record_residence_event`] before calling `latest_activity`.
/// If they don't, [`latest_activity`] will return `None`.
///
/// [`record_residence_event`]: Self::record_residence_event
/// [`latest_activity`]: Self::latest_activity
pub(crate) fn empty_will_record_residence_event_later() -> Self {
LayerAccessStats(Mutex::default())
}
/// Create an empty stats object and record a [`LayerLoad`] event with the given residence status.
///
/// See [`record_residence_event`] for why you need to do this while holding the layer map lock.
///
/// [`LayerLoad`]: LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerLoad
/// [`record_residence_event`]: Self::record_residence_event
pub(crate) fn for_loading_layer(status: LayerResidenceStatus) -> Self {
let new = LayerAccessStats(Mutex::new(LayerAccessStatsLocked::default()));
new.record_residence_event(status, LayerResidenceEventReason::LayerLoad);
new
}
/// Record a change in layer residency.
///
/// Recording the event must happen while holding the layer map lock to
/// ensure that latest-activity-threshold-based layer eviction (eviction_task.rs)
/// can do an "imitate access" to this layer, before it observes `now-latest_activity() > threshold`.
///
/// If we instead recorded the residence event with a timestamp from before grabbing the layer map lock,
/// the following race could happen:
///
/// - Compact: Write out an L1 layer from several L0 layers. This records residence event LayerCreate with the current timestamp.
/// - Eviction: imitate access logical size calculation. This accesses the L0 layers because the L1 layer is not yet in the layer map.
/// - Compact: Grab layer map lock, add the new L1 to layer map and remove the L0s, release layer map lock.
/// - Eviction: observes the new L1 layer whose only activity timestamp is the LayerCreate event.
///
pub(crate) fn record_residence_event(
&self,
status: LayerResidenceStatus,
reason: LayerResidenceEventReason,
) {
let mut locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
locked.iter_mut().for_each(|inner| {
inner
.last_residence_changes
.write(LayerResidenceEvent::new(status, reason))
});
}
fn record_access(&self, access_kind: LayerAccessKind, ctx: &RequestContext) {
if ctx.access_stats_behavior() == AccessStatsBehavior::Skip {
return;
}
let this_access = LayerAccessStatFullDetails {
when: SystemTime::now(),
task_kind: ctx.task_kind(),
access_kind,
};
let mut locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
locked.iter_mut().for_each(|inner| {
inner.first_access.get_or_insert(this_access);
inner.count_by_access_kind[access_kind] += 1;
inner.task_kind_flag |= ctx.task_kind();
inner.last_accesses.write(this_access);
});
// We may access a layer marked as Covered, if a new branch was created that depends on
// this layer, and background updates to layer visibility didn't notice it yet
if !matches!(locked.visibility, LayerVisibility::Visible) {
locked.visibility = LayerVisibility::Visible;
}
}
fn as_api_model(
&self,
reset: LayerAccessStatsReset,
) -> pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStats {
let mut locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
let inner = &mut locked.for_scraping_api;
let LayerAccessStatsInner {
first_access,
count_by_access_kind,
task_kind_flag,
last_accesses,
last_residence_changes,
} = inner;
let ret = pageserver_api::models::LayerAccessStats {
access_count_by_access_kind: count_by_access_kind
.iter()
.map(|(kind, count)| (kind, *count))
.collect(),
task_kind_access_flag: task_kind_flag
.iter()
.map(|task_kind| Cow::Borrowed(task_kind.into())) // into static str, powered by strum_macros
.collect(),
first: first_access.as_ref().map(|a| a.as_api_model()),
accesses_history: last_accesses.map(|m| m.as_api_model()),
residence_events_history: last_residence_changes.clone(),
};
match reset {
LayerAccessStatsReset::NoReset => (),
LayerAccessStatsReset::JustTaskKindFlags => {
inner.task_kind_flag.clear();
}
LayerAccessStatsReset::AllStats => {
*inner = LayerAccessStatsInner::default();
}
}
ret
}
/// Get the latest access timestamp, falling back to latest residence event, further falling
/// back to `SystemTime::now` for a usable timestamp for eviction.
pub(crate) fn latest_activity_or_now(&self) -> SystemTime {
self.latest_activity().unwrap_or_else(SystemTime::now)
}
/// Get the latest access timestamp, falling back to latest residence event.
///
/// This function can only return `None` if there has not yet been a call to the
/// [`record_residence_event`] method. That would generally be considered an
/// implementation error. This function logs a rate-limited warning in that case.
///
/// TODO: use type system to avoid the need for `fallback`.
/// The approach in <https://github.com/neondatabase/neon/pull/3775>
/// could be used to enforce that a residence event is recorded
/// before a layer is added to the layer map. We could also have
/// a layer wrapper type that holds the LayerAccessStats, and ensure
/// that that type can only be produced by inserting into the layer map.
///
/// [`record_residence_event`]: Self::record_residence_event
fn latest_activity(&self) -> Option<SystemTime> {
let locked = self.0.lock().unwrap();
let inner = &locked.for_eviction_policy;
match inner.last_accesses.recent() {
Some(a) => Some(a.when),
None => match inner.last_residence_changes.recent() {
Some(e) => Some(e.timestamp),
None => {
static WARN_RATE_LIMIT: Lazy<Mutex<(usize, RateLimit)>> =
Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new((0, RateLimit::new(Duration::from_secs(10)))));
let mut guard = WARN_RATE_LIMIT.lock().unwrap();
guard.0 += 1;
let occurences = guard.0;
guard.1.call(move || {
warn!(parent: None, occurences, "latest_activity not available, this is an implementation bug, using fallback value");
});
None
}
},
}
}
pub(crate) fn set_visibility(&self, visibility: LayerVisibility) {
self.0.lock().unwrap().visibility = visibility;
}
}
/// Get a layer descriptor from a layer.
pub trait AsLayerDesc {
/// Get the layer descriptor.
fn layer_desc(&self) -> &PersistentLayerDesc;
}
pub mod tests {
use pageserver_api::shard::TenantShardId;
use super::*;
impl From<DeltaLayerName> for PersistentLayerDesc {
fn from(value: DeltaLayerName) -> Self {
PersistentLayerDesc::new_delta(
TenantShardId::from([0; 18]),
TimelineId::from_array([0; 16]),
value.key_range,
value.lsn_range,
233,
)
}
}
impl From<ImageLayerName> for PersistentLayerDesc {
fn from(value: ImageLayerName) -> Self {
PersistentLayerDesc::new_img(
TenantShardId::from([0; 18]),
TimelineId::from_array([0; 16]),
value.key_range,
value.lsn,
233,
)
}
}
impl From<LayerName> for PersistentLayerDesc {
fn from(value: LayerName) -> Self {
match value {
LayerName::Delta(d) => Self::from(d),
LayerName::Image(i) => Self::from(i),
}
}
}
}
/// Range wrapping newtype, which uses display to render Debug.
///
/// Useful with `Key`, which has too verbose `{:?}` for printing multiple layers.
struct RangeDisplayDebug<'a, T: std::fmt::Display>(&'a Range<T>);
impl<'a, T: std::fmt::Display> std::fmt::Debug for RangeDisplayDebug<'a, T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}..{}", self.0.start, self.0.end)
}
}