use std::cmp::Ordering;

use columnar::MonotonicallyMappableToU64;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

use crate::collector::{SegmentSortKeyComputer, SortKeyComputer};
use crate::schema::{OwnedValue, Schema};
use crate::{DocId, Order, Score, SegmentReader};

fn compare_owned_value<const NULLS_FIRST: bool>(lhs: &OwnedValue, rhs: &OwnedValue) -> Ordering {
    match (lhs, rhs) {
        (OwnedValue::Null, OwnedValue::Null) => Ordering::Equal,
        (OwnedValue::Null, _) => {
            if NULLS_FIRST {
                Ordering::Less
            } else {
                Ordering::Greater
            }
        }
        (_, OwnedValue::Null) => {
            if NULLS_FIRST {
                Ordering::Greater
            } else {
                Ordering::Less
            }
        }
        (OwnedValue::Str(a), OwnedValue::Str(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::PreTokStr(a), OwnedValue::PreTokStr(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::U64(a), OwnedValue::U64(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::I64(a), OwnedValue::I64(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::F64(a), OwnedValue::F64(b)) => a.to_u64().cmp(&b.to_u64()),
        (OwnedValue::Bool(a), OwnedValue::Bool(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::Date(a), OwnedValue::Date(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::Facet(a), OwnedValue::Facet(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::Bytes(a), OwnedValue::Bytes(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::IpAddr(a), OwnedValue::IpAddr(b)) => a.cmp(b),
        (OwnedValue::U64(a), OwnedValue::I64(b)) => {
            if *b < 0 {
                Ordering::Greater
            } else {
                a.cmp(&(*b as u64))
            }
        }
        (OwnedValue::I64(a), OwnedValue::U64(b)) => {
            if *a < 0 {
                Ordering::Less
            } else {
                (*a as u64).cmp(b)
            }
        }
        (OwnedValue::U64(a), OwnedValue::F64(b)) => (*a as f64).to_u64().cmp(&b.to_u64()),
        (OwnedValue::F64(a), OwnedValue::U64(b)) => a.to_u64().cmp(&(*b as f64).to_u64()),
        (OwnedValue::I64(a), OwnedValue::F64(b)) => (*a as f64).to_u64().cmp(&b.to_u64()),
        (OwnedValue::F64(a), OwnedValue::I64(b)) => a.to_u64().cmp(&(*b as f64).to_u64()),
        (a, b) => {
            let ord = a.discriminant_value().cmp(&b.discriminant_value());
            // If the discriminant is equal, it's because a new type was added, but hasn't been
            // included in this `match` statement.
            assert!(
                ord != Ordering::Equal,
                "Unimplemented comparison for type of {a:?}, {b:?}"
            );
            ord
        }
    }
}

/// Comparator trait defining the order in which documents should be ordered.
pub trait Comparator<T>: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug + Default {
    /// Return the order between two values.
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &T, rhs: &T) -> Ordering;
}

/// Compare values naturally (e.g. 1 < 2).
///
/// When used with `TopDocs`, which reverses the order, this results in a
/// "Descending" sort (Greatest values first).
///
/// `None` (or Null for `OwnedValue`) values are considered to be smaller than any other value,
/// and will therefore appear last in a descending sort (e.g. `[Some(20), Some(10), None]`).
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NaturalComparator;

impl<T: PartialOrd> Comparator<T> for NaturalComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &T, rhs: &T) -> Ordering {
        lhs.partial_cmp(rhs).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal)
    }
}

/// A (partial) implementation of comparison for OwnedValue.
///
/// Intended for use within columns of homogenous types, and so will panic for OwnedValues with
/// mismatched types. The one exception is Null, for which we do define all comparisons.
impl Comparator<OwnedValue> for NaturalComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &OwnedValue, rhs: &OwnedValue) -> Ordering {
        compare_owned_value::</* NULLS_FIRST= */ true>(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

/// Compare values in reverse (e.g. 2 < 1).
///
/// When used with `TopDocs`, which reverses the order, this results in an
/// "Ascending" sort (Smallest values first).
///
/// `None` is considered smaller than `Some` in the underlying comparator, but because the
/// comparison is reversed, `None` is effectively treated as the lowest value in the resulting
/// Ascending sort (e.g. `[None, Some(10), Some(20)]`).
///
/// The ReverseComparator does not necessarily imply that the sort order is reversed compared
/// to the NaturalComparator. In presence of a tie on the sort key, documents will always be
/// sorted by ascending `DocId`/`DocAddress` in TopN results, regardless of the sort key's order.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ReverseComparator;

impl<T> Comparator<T> for ReverseComparator
where NaturalComparator: Comparator<T>
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &T, rhs: &T) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(rhs, lhs)
    }
}

/// Compare values in reverse, but treating `None` as lower than `Some`.
///
/// When used with `TopDocs`, which reverses the order, this results in an
/// "Ascending" sort (Smallest values first), but with `None` values appearing last
/// (e.g. `[Some(10), Some(20), None]`).
///
/// This is usually what is wanted when sorting by a field in an ascending order.
/// For instance, in an e-commerce website, if sorting by price ascending,
/// the cheapest items would appear first, and items without a price would appear last.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default)]
pub struct ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator;

impl<T> Comparator<Option<T>> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator
where ReverseComparator: Comparator<T>
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs_opt: &Option<T>, rhs_opt: &Option<T>) -> Ordering {
        match (lhs_opt, rhs_opt) {
            (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
            (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Less,
            (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Greater,
            (Some(lhs), Some(rhs)) => ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs),
        }
    }
}

impl Comparator<u32> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &u32, rhs: &u32) -> Ordering {
        ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<u64> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &u64, rhs: &u64) -> Ordering {
        ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<f64> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &f64, rhs: &f64) -> Ordering {
        ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<f32> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &f32, rhs: &f32) -> Ordering {
        ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<i64> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &i64, rhs: &i64) -> Ordering {
        ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<String> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &String, rhs: &String) -> Ordering {
        ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<OwnedValue> for ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &OwnedValue, rhs: &OwnedValue) -> Ordering {
        compare_owned_value::</* NULLS_FIRST= */ false>(rhs, lhs)
    }
}

/// Compare values naturally, but treating `None` as higher than `Some`.
///
/// When used with `TopDocs`, which reverses the order, this results in a
/// "Descending" sort (Greatest values first), but with `None` values appearing first
/// (e.g. `[None, Some(20), Some(10)]`).
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator;

impl<T> Comparator<Option<T>> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator
where NaturalComparator: Comparator<T>
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs_opt: &Option<T>, rhs_opt: &Option<T>) -> Ordering {
        match (lhs_opt, rhs_opt) {
            (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
            (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
            (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Less,
            (Some(lhs), Some(rhs)) => NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs),
        }
    }
}

impl Comparator<u32> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &u32, rhs: &u32) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<u64> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &u64, rhs: &u64) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<f64> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &f64, rhs: &f64) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<f32> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &f32, rhs: &f32) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<i64> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &i64, rhs: &i64) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<String> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &String, rhs: &String) -> Ordering {
        NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

impl Comparator<OwnedValue> for NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &OwnedValue, rhs: &OwnedValue) -> Ordering {
        compare_owned_value::</* NULLS_FIRST= */ false>(lhs, rhs)
    }
}

/// An enum representing the different sort orders.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Default)]
pub enum ComparatorEnum {
    /// Natural order (See [NaturalComparator])
    #[default]
    Natural,
    /// Reverse order (See [ReverseComparator])
    Reverse,
    /// Reverse order by treating None as the lowest value. (See [ReverseNoneLowerComparator])
    ReverseNoneLower,
    /// Natural order but treating None as the highest value. (See [NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator])
    NaturalNoneHigher,
}

impl From<Order> for ComparatorEnum {
    fn from(order: Order) -> Self {
        match order {
            Order::Asc => ComparatorEnum::ReverseNoneLower,
            Order::Desc => ComparatorEnum::Natural,
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Comparator<T> for ComparatorEnum
where
    ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator: Comparator<T>,
    NaturalComparator: Comparator<T>,
    ReverseComparator: Comparator<T>,
    NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator: Comparator<T>,
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &T, rhs: &T) -> Ordering {
        match self {
            ComparatorEnum::Natural => NaturalComparator.compare(lhs, rhs),
            ComparatorEnum::Reverse => ReverseComparator.compare(lhs, rhs),
            ComparatorEnum::ReverseNoneLower => ReverseNoneIsLowerComparator.compare(lhs, rhs),
            ComparatorEnum::NaturalNoneHigher => NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator.compare(lhs, rhs),
        }
    }
}

impl<Head, Tail, LeftComparator, RightComparator> Comparator<(Head, Tail)>
    for (LeftComparator, RightComparator)
where
    LeftComparator: Comparator<Head>,
    RightComparator: Comparator<Tail>,
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &(Head, Tail), rhs: &(Head, Tail)) -> Ordering {
        self.0
            .compare(&lhs.0, &rhs.0)
            .then_with(|| self.1.compare(&lhs.1, &rhs.1))
    }
}

impl<Type1, Type2, Type3, Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3> Comparator<(Type1, (Type2, Type3))>
    for (Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3)
where
    Comparator1: Comparator<Type1>,
    Comparator2: Comparator<Type2>,
    Comparator3: Comparator<Type3>,
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &(Type1, (Type2, Type3)), rhs: &(Type1, (Type2, Type3))) -> Ordering {
        self.0
            .compare(&lhs.0, &rhs.0)
            .then_with(|| self.1.compare(&lhs.1 .0, &rhs.1 .0))
            .then_with(|| self.2.compare(&lhs.1 .1, &rhs.1 .1))
    }
}

impl<Type1, Type2, Type3, Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3> Comparator<(Type1, Type2, Type3)>
    for (Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3)
where
    Comparator1: Comparator<Type1>,
    Comparator2: Comparator<Type2>,
    Comparator3: Comparator<Type3>,
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(&self, lhs: &(Type1, Type2, Type3), rhs: &(Type1, Type2, Type3)) -> Ordering {
        self.0
            .compare(&lhs.0, &rhs.0)
            .then_with(|| self.1.compare(&lhs.1, &rhs.1))
            .then_with(|| self.2.compare(&lhs.2, &rhs.2))
    }
}

impl<Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3, Comparator4>
    Comparator<(Type1, (Type2, (Type3, Type4)))>
    for (Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3, Comparator4)
where
    Comparator1: Comparator<Type1>,
    Comparator2: Comparator<Type2>,
    Comparator3: Comparator<Type3>,
    Comparator4: Comparator<Type4>,
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(
        &self,
        lhs: &(Type1, (Type2, (Type3, Type4))),
        rhs: &(Type1, (Type2, (Type3, Type4))),
    ) -> Ordering {
        self.0
            .compare(&lhs.0, &rhs.0)
            .then_with(|| self.1.compare(&lhs.1 .0, &rhs.1 .0))
            .then_with(|| self.2.compare(&lhs.1 .1 .0, &rhs.1 .1 .0))
            .then_with(|| self.3.compare(&lhs.1 .1 .1, &rhs.1 .1 .1))
    }
}

impl<Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3, Comparator4>
    Comparator<(Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4)>
    for (Comparator1, Comparator2, Comparator3, Comparator4)
where
    Comparator1: Comparator<Type1>,
    Comparator2: Comparator<Type2>,
    Comparator3: Comparator<Type3>,
    Comparator4: Comparator<Type4>,
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare(
        &self,
        lhs: &(Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4),
        rhs: &(Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4),
    ) -> Ordering {
        self.0
            .compare(&lhs.0, &rhs.0)
            .then_with(|| self.1.compare(&lhs.1, &rhs.1))
            .then_with(|| self.2.compare(&lhs.2, &rhs.2))
            .then_with(|| self.3.compare(&lhs.3, &rhs.3))
    }
}

impl<TSortKeyComputer> SortKeyComputer for (TSortKeyComputer, ComparatorEnum)
where
    TSortKeyComputer: SortKeyComputer,
    ComparatorEnum: Comparator<TSortKeyComputer::SortKey>,
    ComparatorEnum: Comparator<
        <<TSortKeyComputer as SortKeyComputer>::Child as SegmentSortKeyComputer>::SegmentSortKey,
    >,
{
    type SortKey = TSortKeyComputer::SortKey;

    type Child = SegmentSortKeyComputerWithComparator<TSortKeyComputer::Child, Self::Comparator>;

    type Comparator = ComparatorEnum;

    fn check_schema(&self, schema: &Schema) -> crate::Result<()> {
        self.0.check_schema(schema)
    }

    fn requires_scoring(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.requires_scoring()
    }

    fn comparator(&self) -> Self::Comparator {
        self.1
    }

    fn segment_sort_key_computer(
        &self,
        segment_reader: &dyn SegmentReader,
    ) -> crate::Result<Self::Child> {
        let child = self.0.segment_sort_key_computer(segment_reader)?;
        Ok(SegmentSortKeyComputerWithComparator {
            segment_sort_key_computer: child,
            comparator: self.comparator(),
        })
    }
}

impl<TSortKeyComputer> SortKeyComputer for (TSortKeyComputer, Order)
where
    TSortKeyComputer: SortKeyComputer,
    ComparatorEnum: Comparator<TSortKeyComputer::SortKey>,
    ComparatorEnum: Comparator<
        <<TSortKeyComputer as SortKeyComputer>::Child as SegmentSortKeyComputer>::SegmentSortKey,
    >,
{
    type SortKey = TSortKeyComputer::SortKey;

    type Child = SegmentSortKeyComputerWithComparator<TSortKeyComputer::Child, Self::Comparator>;

    type Comparator = ComparatorEnum;

    fn check_schema(&self, schema: &Schema) -> crate::Result<()> {
        self.0.check_schema(schema)
    }

    fn requires_scoring(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.requires_scoring()
    }

    fn comparator(&self) -> Self::Comparator {
        self.1.into()
    }

    fn segment_sort_key_computer(
        &self,
        segment_reader: &dyn SegmentReader,
    ) -> crate::Result<Self::Child> {
        let child = self.0.segment_sort_key_computer(segment_reader)?;
        Ok(SegmentSortKeyComputerWithComparator {
            segment_sort_key_computer: child,
            comparator: self.comparator(),
        })
    }
}

/// A segment sort key computer with a custom ordering.
pub struct SegmentSortKeyComputerWithComparator<TSegmentSortKeyComputer, TComparator> {
    segment_sort_key_computer: TSegmentSortKeyComputer,
    comparator: TComparator,
}

impl<TSegmentSortKeyComputer, TSegmentSortKey, TComparator> SegmentSortKeyComputer
    for SegmentSortKeyComputerWithComparator<TSegmentSortKeyComputer, TComparator>
where
    TSegmentSortKeyComputer: SegmentSortKeyComputer<SegmentSortKey = TSegmentSortKey>,
    TSegmentSortKey: Clone + 'static + Sync + Send,
    TComparator: Comparator<TSegmentSortKey> + 'static + Sync + Send,
{
    type SortKey = TSegmentSortKeyComputer::SortKey;
    type SegmentSortKey = TSegmentSortKey;
    type SegmentComparator = TComparator;

    fn segment_sort_key(&mut self, doc: DocId, score: Score) -> Self::SegmentSortKey {
        self.segment_sort_key_computer.segment_sort_key(doc, score)
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    fn compare_segment_sort_key(
        &self,
        left: &Self::SegmentSortKey,
        right: &Self::SegmentSortKey,
    ) -> Ordering {
        self.comparator.compare(left, right)
    }

    fn convert_segment_sort_key(&self, sort_key: Self::SegmentSortKey) -> Self::SortKey {
        self.segment_sort_key_computer
            .convert_segment_sort_key(sort_key)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::schema::OwnedValue;

    #[test]
    fn test_natural_none_is_higher() {
        let comp = NaturalNoneIsHigherComparator;
        let null = None;
        let v1 = Some(1_u64);
        let v2 = Some(2_u64);

        // NaturalNoneIsGreaterComparator logic:
        // 1. Delegates to NaturalComparator for non-nulls.
        // NaturalComparator compare(2, 1) -> 2.cmp(1) -> Greater.
        assert_eq!(comp.compare(&v2, &v1), Ordering::Greater);

        // 2. Treats None (Null) as Greater than any value.
        // compare(None, Some(2)) should be Greater.
        assert_eq!(comp.compare(&null, &v2), Ordering::Greater);

        // compare(Some(1), None) should be Less.
        assert_eq!(comp.compare(&v1, &null), Ordering::Less);

        // compare(None, None) should be Equal.
        assert_eq!(comp.compare(&null, &null), Ordering::Equal);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mixed_ownedvalue_compare() {
        let u = OwnedValue::U64(10);
        let i = OwnedValue::I64(10);
        let f = OwnedValue::F64(10.0);

        let nc = NaturalComparator;
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&u, &i), Ordering::Equal);
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&u, &f), Ordering::Equal);
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&i, &f), Ordering::Equal);

        let u2 = OwnedValue::U64(11);
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&u2, &f), Ordering::Greater);

        let s = OwnedValue::Str("a".to_string());
        // Str < U64
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&s, &u), Ordering::Less);
        // Str < I64
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&s, &i), Ordering::Less);
        // Str < F64
        assert_eq!(nc.compare(&s, &f), Ordering::Less);
    }
}
