We ([ParadeDB](https://github.com/paradedb/paradedb)) have restored and been using the removed [index sorting](https://github.com/quickwit-oss/tantivy/issues/2352) feature in our Tantivy fork.
Our use case is sorting the index by Postgres' internal `ctid` identifier. Results returned from Tantivy must be checked against Postgres' visibility map, and checking them in ctid order is much more cache friendly, resulting in up to 80% speedups for certain queries.
This PR is split into 5 commits, corresponding to the index sorting reversal plus bug fixes we uncovered during our usage of index sorting.
| Commit | Maps to | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| `2aea0ad9f` | foundation ([#104](https://github.com/paradedb/tantivy/pull/104)) | Restore `SegmentComponent::TempStore` (revert of upstream #2815). Subsumes fork PR [#104](https://github.com/paradedb/tantivy/pull/104)'s CI fix. |
| `9205bcb0c` | [#92](https://github.com/paradedb/tantivy/pull/92) | Restore sort-by-field (single-segment + merge paths). |
| `39c790f0f` | [#101](https://github.com/paradedb/tantivy/pull/101) | Enable `sort_by` for `Str`/`Bytes` fast fields. |
| `9c4341a87` | [#105](https://github.com/paradedb/tantivy/pull/105) | Native typed numeric sort-key comparison (precision/NULL fix). |
| `2d9ba2418` | [#106](https://github.com/paradedb/tantivy/pull/106) | Preserve NULL ordering in numeric segment merges. |
We have discussed with the Tantivy maintainers and they indicated they would be open to this PR. Another motivation for landing this PR is we are planning on contributing a significant refactor that makes Tantivy's segment components extensible, and landing that without index sorting leads to too many conflicts.
* add method to fetch block of first vals in columnar
add method to fetch block of first vals in columnar (this is way faster
than single calls for full columns)
add benchmark
fix import warnings
```
test bench_get_block_first_on_full_column ... bench: 56 ns/iter (+/- 26)
test bench_get_block_first_on_full_column_single_calls ... bench: 311 ns/iter (+/- 6)
test bench_get_block_first_on_multi_column ... bench: 378 ns/iter (+/- 15)
test bench_get_block_first_on_multi_column_single_calls ... bench: 546 ns/iter (+/- 13)
test bench_get_block_first_on_optional_column ... bench: 291 ns/iter (+/- 6)
test bench_get_block_first_on_optional_column_single_calls ... bench: 362 ns/iter (+/- 8)
```
* use remainder
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