The `triangulate` function takes a polygon with floating-point lat/lon
coordinates, converts to integer coordinates with millimeter precision
(using 2^32 scaling), performs constrained Delaunay triangulation, and
encodes the resulting triangles with boundary edge information for block
kd-tree spatial indexing.
It handles polygons with holes correctly, preserving which triangle
edges lie on the original polygon boundaries versus internal
tessellation edges.
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