diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/proxies.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/proxies.rs
index 367472928..691ff161c 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/proxies.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-admin/src/use_case/proxies.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::{StreamExt, stream};
-use gateway_core::{account::ProviderAccountId, routing::ProviderKind, runtime::SnapshotControl};
+use gateway_core::{
+    account::{OutboundProxy, ProviderAccountId},
+    routing::ProviderKind,
+    runtime::SnapshotControl,
+};
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 
 use super::{map_store_error, publish_committed};
@@ -54,6 +58,8 @@ pub trait ProxiesService: Send + Sync {
         revision: Revision,
         context: &MutationContext,
     ) -> Result<ProxyRecord, AdminError>;
+    /// 探测未保存的连接地址，不写入代理记录或修改账号绑定。
+    async fn probe(&self, proxy: &OutboundProxy) -> Result<ProxyTestResult, AdminError>;
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct DefaultProxiesService {
@@ -214,6 +220,13 @@ impl ProxiesService for DefaultProxiesService {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
+    async fn probe(&self, proxy: &OutboundProxy) -> Result<ProxyTestResult, AdminError> {
+        let _permit = self.test_slots.try_acquire().map_err(|_| {
+            AdminError::new(AdminErrorKind::RateLimited, "代理测试繁忙，请稍后重试")
+        })?;
+        Ok(self.probe.test(proxy).await)
+    }
+
     async fn test(
         &self,
         id: &str,
diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/proxies.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/proxies.rs
index 5516a030c..c662dcf2b 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/proxies.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/admin/proxies.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ use axum::{
 use gateway_admin::model::{
     PageSize, Revision,
     proxies::{
-        NewProxy, ProxyAccountListQuery, ProxyListQuery, ProxyMutation, ProxyRecord, UpdateProxy,
+        NewProxy, ProxyAccountListQuery, ProxyListQuery, ProxyMutation, ProxyRecord,
+        ProxyTestResult, UpdateProxy,
     },
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -66,6 +67,12 @@ struct IdRequest {
     revision: u64,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct ProbeRequest {
+    proxy_url: AccountProxyUpdate,
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct ProxyTestView {
@@ -75,6 +82,17 @@ struct ProxyTestView {
     message: String,
 }
 
+impl From<ProxyTestResult> for ProxyTestView {
+    fn from(result: ProxyTestResult) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            success: result.success,
+            latency_ms: result.latency_ms,
+            exit_ip: result.exit_ip.map(|ip| ip.to_string()),
+            message: result.message,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct ProxyAccountView {
@@ -115,12 +133,7 @@ impl From<ProxyRecord> for ProxyView {
             revision: record.revision.get(),
             account_count: record.account_count,
             last_test_at: record.last_test_at.map(|at| at.to_rfc3339()),
-            last_test: record.last_test.map(|result| ProxyTestView {
-                success: result.success,
-                latency_ms: result.latency_ms,
-                exit_ip: result.exit_ip.map(|ip| ip.to_string()),
-                message: result.message,
-            }),
+            last_test: record.last_test.map(Into::into),
             created_at: record.created_at.to_rfc3339(),
             updated_at: record.updated_at.to_rfc3339(),
         }
@@ -170,6 +183,7 @@ where
         .route("/api/admin/proxies/update", post(update::<S>))
         .route("/api/admin/proxies/delete", post(delete::<S>))
         .route("/api/admin/proxies/test", post(test::<S>))
+        .route("/api/admin/proxies/probe", post(probe::<S>))
 }
 
 fn revision(value: u64) -> Result<Revision, AdminError> {
@@ -389,6 +403,30 @@ where
     ))
 }
 
+async fn probe<S>(
+    _: AdminAuth,
+    State(state): State<S>,
+    AdminJson(request): AdminJson<ProbeRequest>,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, AdminError>
+where
+    S: AdminSessionState + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let proxy = request
+        .proxy_url
+        .0
+        .ok_or_else(|| AdminError::bad_request("代理 URL 不能为空"))?;
+    let result = state
+        .admin_services()
+        .proxies()
+        .probe(&proxy)
+        .await
+        .map_err(map_error)?;
+    Ok(AdminResponse::new(
+        StatusCode::OK,
+        AdminEnvelope::ok(ProxyTestView::from(result)),
+    ))
+}
+
 async fn test<S>(
     auth: AdminAuth,
     State(state): State<S>,
diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/proxies.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/proxies.rs
index dda99ec53..fc25d2a6c 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/proxies.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-api/tests/admin/proxies.rs
@@ -304,6 +304,67 @@ async fn proxy_routes_save_reload_test_rename_and_delete_without_exposing_creden
     assert_eq!(listed["data"]["page"]["total"], 0);
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn proxy_probe_checks_unsaved_address_without_creating_or_changing_records() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    let draft = json!({
+        "proxyUrl": "http://test-user:private-password@proxy.example:8080"
+    });
+    let (status, probed) = request(
+        &fixture,
+        "/api/admin/proxies/probe",
+        Some(draft.clone()),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK);
+    assert_eq!(
+        probed["data"],
+        json!({"success": true, "latencyMs": 15, "exitIp": "203.0.113.2", "message": "Connected"})
+    );
+    let (_, listed) = request(&fixture, "/api/admin/proxies", None, true).await;
+    assert_eq!(listed["data"]["page"]["total"], 0);
+
+    let (_, created) = request(
+        &fixture,
+        "/api/admin/proxies/create",
+        Some(json!({"name": "Saved", "proxyUrl": "http://saved.example:8080"})),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await;
+    let (status, _) = request(&fixture, "/api/admin/proxies/probe", Some(draft), true).await;
+    assert_eq!(status, StatusCode::OK);
+    let (_, listed) = request(&fixture, "/api/admin/proxies", None, true).await;
+    assert_eq!(listed["data"]["items"][0], created["data"]["record"]);
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn proxy_probe_rejects_empty_or_invalid_addresses() {
+    let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
+    fixture.auth.insert_session("valid-session");
+    for (body, expected) in [
+        (json!({"proxyUrl": ""}), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST),
+        (json!({"proxyUrl": null}), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY),
+        (json!({}), StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY),
+        (
+            json!({"proxyUrl": "ftp://test-user:private-password@proxy.example"}),
+            StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+        ),
+        (
+            json!({"proxyUrl": "http://proxy.example:8080", "name": "Not saved"}),
+            StatusCode::UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+        ),
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(
+            request(&fixture, "/api/admin/proxies/probe", Some(body), true)
+                .await
+                .0,
+            expected
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn proxy_routes_require_auth_and_reject_invalid_input() {
     let fixture = AdminTestFixture::new().await;
@@ -355,7 +416,14 @@ async fn proxy_routes_require_auth_and_reject_invalid_input() {
         .0,
         StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
     );
-    for action in ["create", "update", "delete", "test", "accounts/remove"] {
+    for action in [
+        "create",
+        "update",
+        "delete",
+        "test",
+        "probe",
+        "accounts/remove",
+    ] {
         assert_eq!(
             request(
                 &fixture,
diff --git a/frontend/src/api/modules/proxies.ts b/frontend/src/api/modules/proxies.ts
index 1380685b0..e9b299fe5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/api/modules/proxies.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/api/modules/proxies.ts
@@ -104,3 +104,12 @@ export function testProxy(data: { id: string, revision: number }) {
     timeout: 25000,
   })
 }
+
+export function probeProxy(data: { proxyUrl: string }) {
+  return request<OutboundProxyTest>({
+    url: '/api/admin/proxies/probe',
+    method: 'POST',
+    data,
+    timeout: 25000,
+  })
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/base/BaseTable/columns.ts b/frontend/src/components/base/BaseTable/columns.ts
index 1728557b8..849f3a929 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/base/BaseTable/columns.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/base/BaseTable/columns.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export interface BaseTableColumn<Row extends TableRow = TableRow> {
   label?: string
   kind?: TableColumnKind
   size?: TableColumnSize
+  fixedWidth?: boolean
   align?: TableColumnAlign
   sortable?: boolean | string
   format?: (value: unknown, row: Row) => unknown
@@ -212,11 +213,14 @@ export function columnStyle<Row extends TableRow>(
   column: ResolvedTableColumn<Row>,
   columns: ResolvedTableColumn<Row>[],
 ) {
-  const tableWidth = minimumTableWidth(columns)
-  const widthPercent = tableWidth > 0 ? (column.basisWidth / tableWidth) * 100 : 0
+  const fixedWidth = columns.reduce((total, item) => total + (item.fixedWidth ? item.basisWidth : 0), 0)
+  const flexibleWidth = minimumTableWidth(columns) - fixedWidth
+  const ratio = flexibleWidth > 0 ? column.basisWidth / flexibleWidth : 0
 
   return {
-    width: `${widthPercent}%`,
+    width: column.fixedWidth
+      ? `${column.basisWidth}px`
+      : `${ratio * 100}%`,
     minWidth: `${column.basisWidth}px`,
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/proxies/components/ProxyFormModal.vue b/frontend/src/views/proxies/components/ProxyFormModal.vue
index 82dfd1f51..f64ee0585 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/proxies/components/ProxyFormModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/proxies/components/ProxyFormModal.vue
@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@ import BaseModal from '@/components/base/BaseModal/index.vue'
 const props = defineProps<{
   proxy: OutboundProxyRecord | null
   saving: boolean
+  testing: boolean
 }>()
 const emit = defineEmits<{
-  save: [testAfter: boolean]
+  save: []
+  test: []
 }>()
 const open = defineModel<boolean>({ required: true })
 const name = defineModel<string>('name', { required: true })
 const proxyUrl = defineModel<string>('proxyUrl', { required: true })
 const showSecret = shallowRef(false)
+const busy = computed(() => props.saving || props.testing)
 const title = computed(() => props.proxy ? '编辑代理' : '新增代理')
 const connectionDescription = computed(() => props.proxy
   ? '留空保留当前连接和认证信息；填写新地址时，请包含所需的用户名和密码。'
@@ -31,22 +34,22 @@ watch(open, () => {
 </script>
 
 <template>
-  <BaseModal v-model="open" :title="title" size="md" :dismissible="!saving">
+  <BaseModal v-model="open" :title="title" size="md" :dismissible="!busy">
     <BaseForm class="grid gap-5">
       <BaseFormItem label="代理名称" required>
-        <BaseInput v-model="name" maxlength="100" :disabled="saving" aria-label="代理名称" placeholder="例如：本机代理" />
+        <BaseInput v-model="name" maxlength="100" :disabled="busy" aria-label="代理名称" placeholder="请输入代理名称" />
       </BaseFormItem>
       <BaseFormItem label="代理 URL" :required="!proxy" :description="connectionDescription">
         <BaseInput
           v-model="proxyUrl"
           :type="showSecret ? 'text' : 'password'"
           autocomplete="new-password"
-          :disabled="saving"
+          :disabled="busy"
           aria-label="代理 URL"
-          :placeholder="proxy?.endpoint ?? 'socks5h://user:password@host:1080'"
+          placeholder="请输入代理 URL"
         >
           <template #suffix>
-            <BaseIconButton :label="showSecret ? '隐藏代理地址' : '显示代理地址'" :disabled="saving" @click="showSecret = !showSecret">
+            <BaseIconButton :label="showSecret ? '隐藏代理地址' : '显示代理地址'" :disabled="busy" @click="showSecret = !showSecret">
               <EyeOff v-if="showSecret" class="size-4" />
               <Eye v-else class="size-4" />
             </BaseIconButton>
@@ -58,21 +61,21 @@ watch(open, () => {
       </p>
     </BaseForm>
     <template #footer>
-      <BaseButton variant="secondary" :disabled="saving" @click="open = false">
+      <BaseButton variant="secondary" :disabled="busy" @click="open = false">
         取消
       </BaseButton>
-      <BaseButton variant="secondary" :loading="saving" @click="emit('save', false)">
+      <BaseButton variant="secondary" :loading="testing" :disabled="saving" @click="emit('test')">
+        <template #icon>
+          <Wifi class="size-4" />
+        </template>
+        测试连接
+      </BaseButton>
+      <BaseButton variant="primary" :loading="saving" :disabled="testing" @click="emit('save')">
         <template #icon>
           <Save class="size-4" />
         </template>
         保存代理
       </BaseButton>
-      <BaseButton variant="primary" :loading="saving" @click="emit('save', true)">
-        <template #icon>
-          <Wifi class="size-4" />
-        </template>
-        保存并测试
-      </BaseButton>
     </template>
   </BaseModal>
 </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue b/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue
index 62cba4a0a..8a14ee882 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import type { OutboundProxyRecord } from '@/api'
-import { LockKeyhole, Pencil, Plus, RefreshCw, Search, Trash2, Users, Wifi } from '@lucide/vue'
+import { LockKeyhole, Pencil, Plus, Search, Trash2, Users, Wifi } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { watchDebounced } from '@vueuse/core'
 import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
-import { createProxy, deleteProxy, getProxies, testProxy, updateProxy } from '@/api'
+import { createProxy, deleteProxy, getProxies, probeProxy, testProxy, updateProxy } from '@/api'
 import BaseButton from '@/components/base/BaseButton.vue'
 import BaseCard from '@/components/base/BaseCard.vue'
 import BaseConfirmModal from '@/components/base/BaseConfirmModal.vue'
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ const query = usePagedQuery({
 const { items: proxies, loading } = query
 const pagination = computed(() => ({ currentPage: query.page.value, pageSize: query.pageSize.value, total: query.total.value }))
 const columns = defineTableColumns<OutboundProxyRecord>([
-  { key: 'identity', label: '代理', kind: 'identity' },
+  { key: 'identity', label: '代理', kind: 'identity', size: 'xl' },
   { key: 'exitIp', label: '出口 IP', kind: 'custom' },
   { key: 'latency', label: '耗时', kind: 'custom', size: 'sm' },
   { key: 'accounts', label: '关联账号', kind: 'custom', size: 'sm' },
   { key: 'testedAt', label: '测试时间', kind: 'datetime' },
-  { key: 'actions', label: '操作', kind: 'actions' },
+  { key: 'actions', label: '操作', kind: 'actions', size: 'lg', fixedWidth: true },
 ])
 const showForm = shallowRef(false)
 const editing = shallowRef<OutboundProxyRecord | null>(null)
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ const { loading: deleting } = deleteAction
 const showDelete = shallowRef(false)
 const pendingDelete = shallowRef<OutboundProxyRecord | null>(null)
 const testingIds = ref(new Set<string>())
+const formTestAction = useAsyncAction()
+const testingForm = computed(() => formTestAction.loading.value || (editing.value !== null && testingIds.value.has(editing.value.id)))
 const showAccounts = shallowRef(false)
 const inspected = shallowRef<OutboundProxyRecord | null>(null)
 
@@ -77,8 +79,30 @@ async function checkProxy(proxy: OutboundProxyRecord) {
   }
 }
 
-async function save(testAfter: boolean) {
-  if (saving.value)
+async function testConnection() {
+  if (saving.value || testingForm.value)
+    return
+  const proxyUrl = form.proxyUrl.trim()
+  if (!proxyUrl && editing.value) {
+    await checkProxy(editing.value)
+    return
+  }
+  if (!proxyUrl) {
+    toast.warning('请填写代理连接地址')
+    return
+  }
+  await formTestAction.run(async () => {
+    // 新地址只做探测，保存前不修改代理及关联账号的连接配置。
+    const result = await probeProxy({ proxyUrl })
+    if (result.success)
+      toast.success(`连接成功，耗时 ${result.latencyMs} ms`)
+    else
+      toast.error(result.message)
+  }, { errorText: '代理测试失败' })
+}
+
+async function save() {
+  if (saving.value || testingForm.value)
     return
   const name = form.name.trim()
   const proxyUrl = form.proxyUrl.trim()
@@ -88,17 +112,15 @@ async function save(testAfter: boolean) {
   }
   await saveAction.run(async () => {
     // 编辑时留空保留已保存的地址和认证，不能用脱敏地址覆盖原连接。
-    const result = editing.value
-      ? await updateProxy({ id: editing.value.id, revision: editing.value.revision, name, proxyUrl: proxyUrl || undefined })
-      : await createProxy({ name, proxyUrl })
+    await (editing.value
+      ? updateProxy({ id: editing.value.id, revision: editing.value.revision, name, proxyUrl: proxyUrl || undefined })
+      : createProxy({ name, proxyUrl }))
     showForm.value = false
     form.proxyUrl = ''
     toast.success('代理已保存')
     search.value = ''
     query.page.value = 1
     await query.execute()
-    if (testAfter)
-      await checkProxy(result.record)
   }, { errorText: '代理保存失败' })
 }
 
@@ -154,9 +176,6 @@ onMounted(() => void query.execute())
             </template>
           </BaseInput>
           <div class="flex shrink-0 items-center justify-end gap-2 sm:ml-auto">
-            <BaseIconButton label="刷新代理列表" :loading="loading" @click="query.execute()">
-              <RefreshCw class="size-4" />
-            </BaseIconButton>
             <BaseButton variant="primary" @click="openForm()">
               <template #icon>
                 <Plus class="size-4" />
@@ -223,7 +242,9 @@ onMounted(() => void query.execute())
       v-model:proxy-url="form.proxyUrl"
       :proxy="editing"
       :saving="saving"
+      :testing="testingForm"
       @save="save"
+      @test="testConnection"
     />
     <BaseConfirmModal v-model="showDelete" title="删除代理" destructive :loading="deleting" @confirm="confirmDelete">
       <p class="m-0">