From d1bf90d5fd95814819402e08b3f0a93fc994697b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zyy <zyycn@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Sep 2026 19:30:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] fix(frontend): support HTTP plugin pages and consolidate
 shared helpers

Reuse secure UUID generation for plugin frame channels and sessions on HTTP.
Consolidate utility modules and shorten the plugin views store name.
Declare route roles and default entries in metadata instead of guard mappings.
Keep source integration build output under node_modules/.vite.

Validated frontend lint, production and source builds, browser plugin flows,
and 20 route guard scenarios with simulated sessions and plugin resources.

Fixes #288

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>
---
 .gitignore                                    |  1 -
 docs/development.md                           |  2 +-
 frontend/src/components/ApiKeyConfigModal.vue |  6 +-
 frontend/src/components/LastUsedAtCell.vue    |  2 +-
 frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/index.vue  |  2 +-
 frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/schema.ts  |  2 +-
 frontend/src/components/charts/tooltip.ts     |  2 +-
 .../client-profile/ClientProfileEditor.vue    |  2 +-
 .../ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue             |  2 +-
 .../client-profile/XaiClientProfileEditor.vue |  2 +-
 frontend/src/composables/useAsyncAction.ts    |  2 +-
 frontend/src/composables/useCopyText.ts       |  2 +-
 frontend/src/composables/useRequestState.ts   |  2 +-
 frontend/src/layout/components/AppSidebar.vue |  4 +-
 .../components/SystemUpdateModal/index.vue    |  4 +-
 frontend/src/router/index.ts                  | 34 +++++++---
 frontend/src/router/routes.ts                 | 12 ++++
 ...in-management-views.ts => plugin-views.ts} |  6 +-
 frontend/src/stores/modules/system-update.ts  |  2 +-
 .../utils/{ccswitchImport.ts => client.ts}    | 64 +++++++++++++++++--
 frontend/src/utils/codexConfig.ts             | 44 -------------
 frontend/src/utils/data.ts                    | 45 +++++++++++++
 frontend/src/utils/{date.ts => format.ts}     | 40 ++++++++++++
 frontend/src/utils/jsonObject.ts              | 26 --------
 frontend/src/utils/number.ts                  | 39 -----------
 frontend/src/utils/object.ts                  |  3 -
 frontend/src/utils/{async.ts => operation.ts} |  9 +++
 frontend/src/utils/request-location.ts        | 16 -----
 frontend/src/utils/serviceUrl.ts              | 14 ----
 frontend/src/utils/uuid.ts                    |  8 ---
 .../components/AccountOverviewCards.vue       |  2 +-
 .../AccountProfileModal/ActivityInsights.vue  |  2 +-
 .../AccountProfileModal/Metrics.vue           |  2 +-
 .../AccountProfileModal/Subscription.vue      |  2 +-
 .../AccountStatusBadge/presenter.ts           |  2 +-
 .../AccountUsageWindow/presenter.ts           |  4 +-
 .../composables/useAccountAuthorization.ts    |  2 +-
 .../composables/useAccountConnectionTest.ts   |  4 +-
 .../composables/useAccountImportTasks.ts      |  2 +-
 .../composables/useAccountMutations.ts        |  2 +-
 .../composables/useAccountOnboarding.ts       |  3 +-
 .../composables/useAccountResetCredits.ts     |  3 +-
 .../src/views/accounts/utils/accountImport.ts |  2 +-
 .../utils/accountProfileStatistics.ts         |  2 +-
 .../components/AccountOverviewCard.vue        |  2 +-
 .../dashboard/components/WireProfileCard.vue  |  2 +-
 .../dashboard/composables/useDashboard.ts     |  5 +-
 frontend/src/views/dashboard/constants.ts     |  2 +-
 .../groups/composables/useAccountGroups.ts    |  4 +-
 .../key-usage/components/KeyUsageSummary.vue  |  2 +-
 .../key-usage/components/KeyUsageTrend.vue    |  2 +-
 .../key-usage/composables/useKeyConfig.ts     |  2 +-
 frontend/src/views/key-usage/utils/format.ts  |  2 +-
 .../keys/components/ApiKeyBudgetCell.vue      |  2 +-
 .../views/keys/composables/useApiKeyUse.ts    |  3 +-
 .../views/keys/composables/useApiKeysQuery.ts |  2 +-
 .../components/PluginConfigurationFields.vue  |  2 +-
 .../PluginFrontendAuthenticationEditor.vue    |  2 +-
 .../components/PluginManagementFrame.vue      |  6 +-
 .../views/plugins/components/PluginPage.vue   |  4 +-
 .../components/PluginResourcePicker.vue       |  2 +-
 .../composables/usePluginManagement.ts        |  6 +-
 frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue          |  4 +-
 .../components/backup/BackupRecordsCard.vue   |  2 +-
 .../ClientDesktopOfflineDownloads.vue         |  2 +-
 .../composables/useClientDownloads.ts         |  2 +-
 .../settings/composables/useBackupRecords.ts  |  2 +-
 .../settings/composables/useBackupSettings.ts |  2 +-
 .../settings/composables/useSettingsForm.ts   |  4 +-
 .../src/views/settings/pricing/usePricing.ts  |  2 +-
 .../views/usage/components/UsageCostCard.vue  |  2 +-
 .../usage/components/UsageDiagnosticCard.vue  |  2 +-
 .../usage/components/UsageHealthCard.vue      |  2 +-
 .../usage/components/UsagePerformanceCard.vue |  2 +-
 .../usage/composables/useOpsErrorsTable.ts    |  2 +-
 .../composables/useRequestDiagnostics.ts      |  2 +-
 .../usage/composables/useUsageRecordsTable.ts |  2 +-
 frontend/src/views/usage/utils/format.ts      |  2 +-
 frontend/src/views/usage/utils/records.ts     |  2 +-
 frontend/vite.config.ts                       |  2 +-
 80 files changed, 270 insertions(+), 255 deletions(-)
 rename frontend/src/stores/modules/{plugin-management-views.ts => plugin-views.ts} (91%)
 rename frontend/src/utils/{ccswitchImport.ts => client.ts} (57%)
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/codexConfig.ts
 create mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/data.ts
 rename frontend/src/utils/{date.ts => format.ts} (62%)
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/jsonObject.ts
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/number.ts
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/object.ts
 rename frontend/src/utils/{async.ts => operation.ts} (62%)
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/request-location.ts
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/serviceUrl.ts
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/utils/uuid.ts

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 58d9bc8e9..a13f02972 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 # Frontend
 /frontend/node_modules/
 /frontend/dist/
-/frontend/.vite/
 /frontend/.pnpm-store/
 /frontend/.pnpm-cache/
 *.tsbuildinfo
diff --git a/docs/development.md b/docs/development.md
index 2f9fa5717..66661d544 100644
--- a/docs/development.md
+++ b/docs/development.md
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pnpm --dir frontend build:source
 pnpm --dir modules/plugins/examples/workbench/frontend build:source
 ```
 
-`build:source` 用各项目的 `tsconfig.source.json` 检查源码类型，再构建到各自 `.vite/source-dist`，不改写正式依赖、锁文件或 `dist`。正常 `dev`、`build`、宿主发行 CI 和 Docker 仍消费锁定的 UI 包，无需初始化子模块。CI 另有源码联调检查，显式检出子模块、核对 UI 提交锁定并验证这两个命令。
+`build:source` 用各项目的 `tsconfig.source.json` 检查源码类型，管理端构建到 `frontend/node_modules/.vite/source-dist`，示例构建到其前端项目的 `.vite/source-dist`，不改写正式依赖、锁文件或 `dist`。正常 `dev`、`build`、宿主发行 CI 和 Docker 仍消费锁定的 UI 包，无需初始化子模块。CI 另有源码联调检查，显式检出子模块、核对 UI 提交锁定并验证这两个命令。
 
 ### 本地 SDK 验证
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ApiKeyConfigModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/ApiKeyConfigModal.vue
index a72e1d49e..be16578e6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ApiKeyConfigModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ApiKeyConfigModal.vue
@@ -3,11 +3,7 @@ import { BaseButton, BaseIconButton, BaseModal, BaseScrollbar, BaseSegmented, Ba
 
 import { Apple, Copy, Monitor, Upload } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed, shallowRef } from 'vue'
-import { buildCodexCcSwitchImportDeeplink } from '@/utils/ccswitchImport'
-import {
-  buildCodexConfigFiles,
-  CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT,
-} from '@/utils/codexConfig'
+import { buildCodexCcSwitchImportDeeplink, buildCodexConfigFiles, CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT } from '@/utils/client'
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
   title?: string
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/LastUsedAtCell.vue b/frontend/src/components/LastUsedAtCell.vue
index efff7ee20..4f9230f96 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/LastUsedAtCell.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/LastUsedAtCell.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 
 import { useUiClock } from '@/composables/useUiClock'
-import { formatDateTime, formatRelativeTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime, formatRelativeTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   value: string | null
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/index.vue b/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/index.vue
index 864525145..7fd277a1d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/index.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/index.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { InputField } from './schema'
 import { BaseForm, BaseFormItem, BaseIconButton, BaseInput, BasePopover, BaseSelect, BaseTextarea } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { Braces, Info, List } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed, nextTick, shallowRef, useTemplateRef } from 'vue'
-import { jsonObjectError, parseJsonObject } from '@/utils/jsonObject'
+import { jsonObjectError, parseJsonObject } from '@/utils/data'
 import { inputFields } from './schema'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/schema.ts b/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/schema.ts
index 1b4f8c6a4..dff594b01 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/schema.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/SchemaForm/schema.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isRecord } from '@/utils/object'
+import { isRecord } from '@/utils/data'
 
 export interface InputField {
   key: string
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/charts/tooltip.ts b/frontend/src/components/charts/tooltip.ts
index 9543e8202..af223891f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/charts/tooltip.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/charts/tooltip.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isRecord } from '@/utils/object'
+import { isRecord } from '@/utils/data'
 
 interface ChartTooltipTheme {
   surface: string
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfileEditor.vue b/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfileEditor.vue
index ab0b2758f..621d946ca 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfileEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfileEditor.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import type {
 import { BaseButton, BaseSegmented } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { computed, onMounted, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getClientProfileOptions, previewClientProfile } from '@/api/modules/client-profiles'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import ClientProfilePresetFields from './ClientProfilePresetFields.vue'
 import ClientProfilePreviewPanel from './ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue b/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue
index 6f5f0ee8f..c7cad6285 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/client-profile/ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import type { ClientProfilePreview } from '@/api/modules/client-profiles'
 import { BaseSkeleton } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 defineProps<{
   preview?: Pick<ClientProfilePreview, 'userAgent' | 'versionSource' | 'checkedAt' | 'error'>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/client-profile/XaiClientProfileEditor.vue b/frontend/src/components/client-profile/XaiClientProfileEditor.vue
index a9f4b7275..ea6ff297a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/client-profile/XaiClientProfileEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/client-profile/XaiClientProfileEditor.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { XaiClientProfilePreview, XaiClientProfileSelection } from '@/api/m
 import { BaseButton, BaseFormItem, BaseInput, BaseSegmented, BaseSelect } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { computed, onMounted, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getXaiClientProfileOptions, previewXaiClientProfile } from '@/api/modules/client-profiles'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import ClientProfilePreviewPanel from './ClientProfilePreviewPanel.vue'
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{ active?: boolean, disabled?: boolean, allowInherit?: boolean }>(), {
diff --git a/frontend/src/composables/useAsyncAction.ts b/frontend/src/composables/useAsyncAction.ts
index d03caa472..bf0c10f8f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/composables/useAsyncAction.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/useAsyncAction.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { toast } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { shallowRef } from 'vue'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
-import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 type MaybePromise<T> = T | Promise<T>
 interface AsyncActionRunOptions {
diff --git a/frontend/src/composables/useCopyText.ts b/frontend/src/composables/useCopyText.ts
index 7a68de698..ac0e3814a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/composables/useCopyText.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/useCopyText.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { toast } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { useClipboard } from '@vueuse/core'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 interface CopyTextOptions {
   successText: string
diff --git a/frontend/src/composables/useRequestState.ts b/frontend/src/composables/useRequestState.ts
index 3c039a300..dd4cdabf6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/composables/useRequestState.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/useRequestState.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { onScopeDispose, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 export function useRequestState(onError?: (error: unknown) => void) {
   const loading = shallowRef(false)
diff --git a/frontend/src/layout/components/AppSidebar.vue b/frontend/src/layout/components/AppSidebar.vue
index d00c2fd15..f762fe48d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/layout/components/AppSidebar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/layout/components/AppSidebar.vue
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import { computed, nextTick, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref, shallowRef, useId,
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import AppBrandMark from '@/components/AppBrandMark.vue'
 import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/modules/auth'
-import { usePluginManagementViewsStore } from '@/stores/modules/plugin-management-views'
+import { usePluginViewsStore } from '@/stores/modules/plugin-views'
 import { useSystemUpdateStore } from '@/stores/modules/system-update'
 import { useThemeStore } from '@/stores/modules/theme'
 import { pluginPageLocation, shortPluginInstanceId } from '@/views/plugins/utils/navigation'
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const emit = defineEmits<{
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 const authStore = useAuthStore()
-const pluginViewsStore = usePluginManagementViewsStore()
+const pluginViewsStore = usePluginViewsStore()
 const systemUpdateStore = useSystemUpdateStore()
 const themeStore = useThemeStore()
 const { pageViews: pluginPageViews } = storeToRefs(pluginViewsStore)
diff --git a/frontend/src/layout/components/SystemUpdateModal/index.vue b/frontend/src/layout/components/SystemUpdateModal/index.vue
index 76f0cd03b..49f44476b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/layout/components/SystemUpdateModal/index.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/layout/components/SystemUpdateModal/index.vue
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import {
 import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
 import { computed, nextTick, shallowRef, useTemplateRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { normalizeSystemVersion, useSystemUpdateStore } from '@/stores/modules/system-update'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
-import { formatTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatTime } from '@/utils/format'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import {
   resolveSystemUpdateLogClasses,
   resolveSystemUpdatePresentation,
diff --git a/frontend/src/router/index.ts b/frontend/src/router/index.ts
index 36d8ddd1a..05ad4caad 100644
--- a/frontend/src/router/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/router/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { AuthSession } from '@/api'
 import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
 
 import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/modules/auth'
@@ -8,17 +9,32 @@ export const router = createRouter({
   routes,
 })
 
+function resolveRoleEntry(role: AuthSession['role']) {
+  const entry = router.getRoutes().find(route => route.meta.role === role && route.meta.defaultEntry)
+  if (!entry)
+    throw new Error(`未配置 ${role} 身份的默认入口`)
+  return { path: entry.path }
+}
+
 router.beforeEach(async (to) => {
   const authStore = useAuthStore()
 
   // 登录页不依赖会话恢复；只使用当前已知身份决定是否跳转。
-  if (to.name === 'login') {
-    if (authStore.isAuthenticated)
-      return { name: authStore.isAdmin ? 'dashboard' : 'key-usage' }
+  if (to.meta.guestOnly) {
+    if (authStore.session)
+      return resolveRoleEntry(authStore.session.role)
     return
   }
 
-  const login = { name: 'login', query: { redirect: to.fullPath } }
+  const requiredRole = to.meta.role
+  if (!requiredRole)
+    return
+
+  const login = {
+    name: 'login',
+    query: { redirect: to.fullPath },
+    state: { loginMode: requiredRole },
+  }
 
   if (!authStore.sessionChecked) {
     try {
@@ -30,12 +46,10 @@ router.beforeEach(async (to) => {
     }
   }
 
-  if (!authStore.isAuthenticated)
-    return { ...login, state: { loginMode: to.name === 'key-usage' ? 'key' : 'admin' } }
+  if (!authStore.session)
+    return login
 
   // 两种身份各自进入独立页面，Key 不挂载会请求管理接口的布局。
-  if (!authStore.isAdmin && to.name !== 'key-usage')
-    return { name: 'key-usage' }
-  if (authStore.isAdmin && to.name === 'key-usage')
-    return { name: 'dashboard' }
+  if (authStore.session.role !== requiredRole)
+    return resolveRoleEntry(authStore.session.role)
 })
diff --git a/frontend/src/router/routes.ts b/frontend/src/router/routes.ts
index 53bcb2cec..03b626d3e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/router/routes.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/router/routes.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,30 @@
 import type { RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
+import type { AuthSession } from '@/api'
+
+declare module 'vue-router' {
+  interface RouteMeta {
+    role?: AuthSession['role']
+    defaultEntry?: boolean
+    guestOnly?: boolean
+  }
+}
 
 export const routes: RouteRecordRaw[] = [
   {
     path: '/login',
     name: 'login',
+    meta: { guestOnly: true },
     component: () => import('@/views/login/index.vue'),
   },
   {
     path: '/key-usage',
     name: 'key-usage',
+    meta: { role: 'key', defaultEntry: true },
     component: () => import('@/views/key-usage/index.vue'),
   },
   {
     path: '/',
+    meta: { role: 'admin', defaultEntry: true },
     component: () => import('@/layout/index.vue'),
     children: [
       {
diff --git a/frontend/src/stores/modules/plugin-management-views.ts b/frontend/src/stores/modules/plugin-views.ts
similarity index 91%
rename from frontend/src/stores/modules/plugin-management-views.ts
rename to frontend/src/stores/modules/plugin-views.ts
index 5c7bf061a..d23efd2fa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/stores/modules/plugin-management-views.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/stores/modules/plugin-views.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import { computed, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getPluginManagementViews } from '@/api'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
 import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/modules/auth'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
-export const usePluginManagementViewsStore = defineStore('plugin-management-views', () => {
+export const usePluginViewsStore = defineStore('plugin-views', () => {
   const authStore = useAuthStore()
   const views = shallowRef<PluginManagementView[]>([])
   const loading = shallowRef(false)
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@ export const usePluginManagementViewsStore = defineStore('plugin-management-view
 })
 
 if (import.meta.hot)
-  import.meta.hot.accept(acceptHMRUpdate(usePluginManagementViewsStore, import.meta.hot))
+  import.meta.hot.accept(acceptHMRUpdate(usePluginViewsStore, import.meta.hot))
diff --git a/frontend/src/stores/modules/system-update.ts b/frontend/src/stores/modules/system-update.ts
index 03710459c..0eadf2e32 100644
--- a/frontend/src/stores/modules/system-update.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/stores/modules/system-update.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
 } from '@/api'
 import { API_BASE_URL } from '@/api/constants'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 const maxUpdateLogs = 200
 const updateEventReadyTimeoutMs = 3_000
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/ccswitchImport.ts b/frontend/src/utils/client.ts
similarity index 57%
rename from frontend/src/utils/ccswitchImport.ts
rename to frontend/src/utils/client.ts
index 9ec663779..c6bb137f7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/ccswitchImport.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/client.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,49 @@
-import {
-  buildCodexConfigFiles,
-  CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL,
-  CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT,
-} from './codexConfig.ts'
+import { API_BASE_URL } from '@/api/constants'
+
+export const CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL = 'gpt-5.6-terra'
+export const CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT = false
+
+export interface CodexConfigInput {
+  apiKey: string
+  baseUrl: string
+  websocketEnabled?: boolean
+}
+
+export function buildCodexConfigFiles(input: CodexConfigInput) {
+  const baseUrl = input.baseUrl.replace(/\/+$/, '')
+  const websocketEnabled = input.websocketEnabled ?? CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT
+  // 保留 auth.json 载荷，兼容仍依赖该字段的 CCSwitch 导入器。
+  const auth = { OPENAI_API_KEY: input.apiKey }
+  const configToml = `model_provider = "OpenAI"
+model = "${CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL}"
+review_model = "${CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL}"
+model_reasoning_effort = "max"
+service_tier = "default"
+
+[model_providers.OpenAI]
+name = "OpenAI"
+base_url = ${JSON.stringify(baseUrl)}
+wire_api = "responses"
+supports_websockets = ${websocketEnabled}
+requires_openai_auth = false
+# 代理密钥仅用于网关鉴权，真实账号登录状态由服务端管理。
+experimental_bearer_token = ${JSON.stringify(input.apiKey)}
+
+[model_providers.OpenAI.http_headers]
+# 声明服务端托管认证，让官方客户端启用原生生图；该标记不是密钥。
+X-OpenAI-Actor-Authorization = "proxy-managed"
+
+[features]
+image_generation = true
+goals = true`
+
+  return {
+    auth,
+    authJson: JSON.stringify(auth, null, 2),
+    baseUrl,
+    configToml,
+  }
+}
 
 export interface CodexCcSwitchImportInput {
   apiKey: string
@@ -80,3 +121,16 @@ function encodeBase64(value: string) {
     binary += String.fromCharCode(byte)
   return btoa(binary)
 }
+
+export function resolveServiceRootUrl() {
+  const normalizedApiBase = API_BASE_URL.trim().replace(/\/+$/, '')
+  if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(normalizedApiBase))
+    return normalizedApiBase
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined')
+    return normalizedApiBase
+
+  const origin = window.location.origin.replace(/\/+$/, '')
+  if (!normalizedApiBase)
+    return origin
+  return `${origin}${normalizedApiBase.startsWith('/') ? normalizedApiBase : `/${normalizedApiBase}`}`
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/codexConfig.ts b/frontend/src/utils/codexConfig.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e12f5a7f0..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/codexConfig.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-export const CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL = 'gpt-5.6-terra'
-export const CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT = false
-
-export interface CodexConfigInput {
-  apiKey: string
-  baseUrl: string
-  websocketEnabled?: boolean
-}
-
-export function buildCodexConfigFiles(input: CodexConfigInput) {
-  const baseUrl = input.baseUrl.replace(/\/+$/, '')
-  const websocketEnabled = input.websocketEnabled ?? CODEX_WEBSOCKET_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT
-  // 保留 auth.json 载荷，兼容仍依赖该字段的 CCSwitch 导入器。
-  const auth = { OPENAI_API_KEY: input.apiKey }
-  const configToml = `model_provider = "OpenAI"
-model = "${CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL}"
-review_model = "${CODEX_DEFAULT_MODEL}"
-model_reasoning_effort = "max"
-service_tier = "default"
-
-[model_providers.OpenAI]
-name = "OpenAI"
-base_url = ${JSON.stringify(baseUrl)}
-wire_api = "responses"
-supports_websockets = ${websocketEnabled}
-requires_openai_auth = false
-# 代理密钥仅用于网关鉴权，真实账号登录状态由服务端管理。
-experimental_bearer_token = ${JSON.stringify(input.apiKey)}
-
-[model_providers.OpenAI.http_headers]
-# 声明服务端托管认证，让官方客户端启用原生生图；该标记不是密钥。
-X-OpenAI-Actor-Authorization = "proxy-managed"
-
-[features]
-image_generation = true
-goals = true`
-
-  return {
-    auth,
-    authJson: JSON.stringify(auth, null, 2),
-    baseUrl,
-    configToml,
-  }
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/data.ts b/frontend/src/utils/data.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea2175081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/data.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import type { RequestLocation } from '@/api'
+
+export function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
+}
+
+export function parseJsonObject(text: string, maximumBytes?: number): Record<string, unknown> {
+  let value: unknown
+  try {
+    value = JSON.parse(text)
+  }
+  catch {
+    throw new Error('请输入有效的 JSON 对象')
+  }
+  if (!isRecord(value))
+    throw new Error('输入必须是 JSON 对象')
+  if (maximumBytes !== undefined && new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(value)).byteLength > maximumBytes)
+    throw new Error(`输入不能超过 ${maximumBytes / 1024} KiB`)
+  return value
+}
+
+export function jsonObjectError(text: string, maximumBytes?: number) {
+  try {
+    parseJsonObject(text, maximumBytes)
+    return undefined
+  }
+  catch (error) {
+    return (error as Error).message
+  }
+}
+
+export function normalizeRequestLocation(location: RequestLocation): RequestLocation {
+  return {
+    country: location.country.trim().toUpperCase(),
+    region: location.region.trim(),
+    city: location.city.trim(),
+    timezone: location.timezone.trim(),
+  }
+}
+
+export function requestLocationError(location: RequestLocation): string {
+  if (!/^[A-Z]{2}$/.test(location.country) || !location.region || !location.city || !location.timezone)
+    return '请填写两位国家代码、地区、城市和 IANA 时区'
+  return ''
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/date.ts b/frontend/src/utils/format.ts
similarity index 62%
rename from frontend/src/utils/date.ts
rename to frontend/src/utils/format.ts
index a167e5120..21cc5d4a7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/date.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/format.ts
@@ -53,3 +53,43 @@ export function formatRelativeTime(
 function normalizedDate(value: ConfigType) {
   return dayjs(typeof value === 'string' ? value.replace(' ', 'T') : value)
 }
+
+const integerFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN')
+
+const localizedCompactFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN', {
+  notation: 'compact',
+  maximumFractionDigits: 1,
+})
+
+const metricUnits = [
+  ['P', 1_000_000_000_000_000],
+  ['T', 1_000_000_000_000],
+  ['B', 1_000_000_000],
+  ['M', 1_000_000],
+  ['K', 1_000],
+] as const
+
+export function formatInteger(value: number) {
+  return integerFormatter.format(value)
+}
+
+export function formatLocalizedCompactNumber(value: number) {
+  return localizedCompactFormatter.format(Number.isFinite(value) ? value : 0)
+}
+
+export function formatCompactNumber(value: number) {
+  const normalized = Math.max(0, Math.round(value))
+  if (normalized < 1_000)
+    return formatInteger(normalized)
+
+  for (const [unit, threshold] of metricUnits) {
+    if (normalized < threshold)
+      continue
+
+    const scaled = normalized / threshold
+    const rounded = scaled >= 10 ? scaled.toFixed(1) : scaled.toFixed(2)
+    return `${rounded.replace(/\.?0+$/, '')}${unit}`
+  }
+
+  return formatInteger(normalized)
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/jsonObject.ts b/frontend/src/utils/jsonObject.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 3de20944e..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/jsonObject.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-import { isRecord } from '@/utils/object'
-
-export function parseJsonObject(text: string, maximumBytes?: number): Record<string, unknown> {
-  let value: unknown
-  try {
-    value = JSON.parse(text)
-  }
-  catch {
-    throw new Error('请输入有效的 JSON 对象')
-  }
-  if (!isRecord(value))
-    throw new Error('输入必须是 JSON 对象')
-  if (maximumBytes !== undefined && new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(value)).byteLength > maximumBytes)
-    throw new Error(`输入不能超过 ${maximumBytes / 1024} KiB`)
-  return value
-}
-
-export function jsonObjectError(text: string, maximumBytes?: number) {
-  try {
-    parseJsonObject(text, maximumBytes)
-    return undefined
-  }
-  catch (error) {
-    return (error as Error).message
-  }
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/number.ts b/frontend/src/utils/number.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f3f0f1bbe..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/number.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-const integerFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN')
-
-const localizedCompactFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN', {
-  notation: 'compact',
-  maximumFractionDigits: 1,
-})
-
-const metricUnits = [
-  ['P', 1_000_000_000_000_000],
-  ['T', 1_000_000_000_000],
-  ['B', 1_000_000_000],
-  ['M', 1_000_000],
-  ['K', 1_000],
-] as const
-
-export function formatInteger(value: number) {
-  return integerFormatter.format(value)
-}
-
-export function formatLocalizedCompactNumber(value: number) {
-  return localizedCompactFormatter.format(Number.isFinite(value) ? value : 0)
-}
-
-export function formatCompactNumber(value: number) {
-  const normalized = Math.max(0, Math.round(value))
-  if (normalized < 1_000)
-    return formatInteger(normalized)
-
-  for (const [unit, threshold] of metricUnits) {
-    if (normalized < threshold)
-      continue
-
-    const scaled = normalized / threshold
-    const rounded = scaled >= 10 ? scaled.toFixed(1) : scaled.toFixed(2)
-    return `${rounded.replace(/\.?0+$/, '')}${unit}`
-  }
-
-  return formatInteger(normalized)
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/object.ts b/frontend/src/utils/object.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 52dc4abbb..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/object.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
-  return typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value)
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/async.ts b/frontend/src/utils/operation.ts
similarity index 62%
rename from frontend/src/utils/async.ts
rename to frontend/src/utils/operation.ts
index 980dcbb9c..7947d38c9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/async.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/operation.ts
@@ -27,3 +27,12 @@ export async function withMinimumDuration<T>(
     }
   }
 }
+
+export function generateRequestId() {
+  // 普通 HTTP 管理端没有 randomUUID；getRandomValues 仍可生成密码学安全的 UUIDv4。
+  const bytes = globalThis.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16))
+  bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0F) | 0x40
+  bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3F) | 0x80
+  const hex = Array.from(bytes, byte => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('')
+  return `${hex.slice(0, 8)}-${hex.slice(8, 12)}-${hex.slice(12, 16)}-${hex.slice(16, 20)}-${hex.slice(20)}`
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/request-location.ts b/frontend/src/utils/request-location.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ce976c75..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/request-location.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-import type { RequestLocation } from '@/api'
-
-export function normalizeRequestLocation(location: RequestLocation): RequestLocation {
-  return {
-    country: location.country.trim().toUpperCase(),
-    region: location.region.trim(),
-    city: location.city.trim(),
-    timezone: location.timezone.trim(),
-  }
-}
-
-export function requestLocationError(location: RequestLocation): string {
-  if (!/^[A-Z]{2}$/.test(location.country) || !location.region || !location.city || !location.timezone)
-    return '请填写两位国家代码、地区、城市和 IANA 时区'
-  return ''
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/serviceUrl.ts b/frontend/src/utils/serviceUrl.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bbf8f251..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/serviceUrl.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-import { API_BASE_URL } from '@/api/constants'
-
-export function resolveServiceRootUrl() {
-  const normalizedApiBase = API_BASE_URL.trim().replace(/\/+$/, '')
-  if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(normalizedApiBase))
-    return normalizedApiBase
-  if (typeof window === 'undefined')
-    return normalizedApiBase
-
-  const origin = window.location.origin.replace(/\/+$/, '')
-  if (!normalizedApiBase)
-    return origin
-  return `${origin}${normalizedApiBase.startsWith('/') ? normalizedApiBase : `/${normalizedApiBase}`}`
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/uuid.ts b/frontend/src/utils/uuid.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6022c0cde..000000000
--- a/frontend/src/utils/uuid.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-export function generateRequestId() {
-  // 普通 HTTP 管理端没有 randomUUID；getRandomValues 仍可生成密码学安全的 UUIDv4。
-  const bytes = globalThis.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16))
-  bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0F) | 0x40
-  bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3F) | 0x80
-  const hex = Array.from(bytes, byte => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('')
-  return `${hex.slice(0, 8)}-${hex.slice(8, 12)}-${hex.slice(12, 16)}-${hex.slice(16, 20)}-${hex.slice(20)}`
-}
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountOverviewCards.vue b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountOverviewCards.vue
index 9434bf14d..168525aae 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountOverviewCards.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountOverviewCards.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { BaseCard, BaseMotionIcon } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { AlertTriangle, Gauge, ShieldCheck, Users } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   summary: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getAccounts>>['summary']
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/ActivityInsights.vue b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/ActivityInsights.vue
index 0df7edb12..38b250cb8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/ActivityInsights.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/ActivityInsights.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { AccountProfileActivityInsights, AccountProfileInvocation } from '@
 import { Package } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 
-import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   insights: AccountProfileActivityInsights
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Metrics.vue b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Metrics.vue
index 884a9ae26..7250bee11 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Metrics.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Metrics.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import type { AccountProfileStatisticsResponse } from '@/api'
 import { BaseSkeleton } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   profile: AccountProfileStatisticsResponse | null
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Subscription.vue b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Subscription.vue
index 38e2f792d..eaf0e86d0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Subscription.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountProfileModal/Subscription.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import type { AccountSubscription } from '@/api'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   subscription: AccountSubscription
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountStatusBadge/presenter.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountStatusBadge/presenter.ts
index 1a628d141..624cb3e75 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountStatusBadge/presenter.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountStatusBadge/presenter.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { Component } from 'vue'
 import type { AccountErrorReason, AccountStatus } from '@/api'
 import { AlertTriangle, CircleCheck, Gauge, Power, Timer } from '@lucide/vue'
 
-import { formatDateTime, parseTimestamp } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime, parseTimestamp } from '@/utils/format'
 import { errorReasonLabels, statusLabels, statusTones } from '../../constants'
 
 export type AccountStatusDisplayMode = AccountStatus | 'refresh_backoff'
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountUsageWindow/presenter.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountUsageWindow/presenter.ts
index ba4f6e1cd..47e63e04a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountUsageWindow/presenter.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/components/AccountUsageWindow/presenter.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { AccountQuotaWindow } from '../../constants'
 import { clamp } from 'es-toolkit'
-import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
-import { isRecord } from '@/utils/object'
+import { isRecord } from '@/utils/data'
+import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 
 export type AccountUsageWindowVariant = 'compact' | 'detail' | 'metric'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountAuthorization.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountAuthorization.ts
index c2a1eae17..a8a952064 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountAuthorization.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountAuthorization.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { AccountImportSettings, AccountOAuthStartResponse } from '@/api'
 import { computed, onScopeDispose, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 import { completeAccountOAuth, startAccountOAuth } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 type Status = 'idle' | 'starting' | 'waiting' | 'paused' | 'expired' | 'completing'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountConnectionTest.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountConnectionTest.ts
index 92c1498b6..baeaebb51 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountConnectionTest.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountConnectionTest.ts
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import { getAccountModels, refreshAccountModels } from '@/api'
 import { API_BASE_URL } from '@/api/constants'
 import { useIdSet } from '@/composables/useIdSet'
 import { useRequestState } from '@/composables/useRequestState'
-import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/async'
-import { formatDateTime, formatTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime, formatTime } from '@/utils/format'
+import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 interface ConnectionTestRun {
   accountId: string
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountImportTasks.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountImportTasks.ts
index b73c73d6b..28c2c3c20 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountImportTasks.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountImportTasks.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { AccountImportTask, AccountImportTaskDetail } from '@/api'
 import { computed, onMounted, onScopeDispose, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getAccountImportTask, getAccountImportTasks, stopAccountImportTask } from '@/api'
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 export function useAccountImportTasks(options: { reload: () => Promise<unknown> }) {
   const open = shallowRef(false)
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountMutations.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountMutations.ts
index 7cd7a34f1..1688ecd33 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountMutations.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountMutations.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
 import { useDownload } from '@/composables/useDownload'
 import { useIdSet } from '@/composables/useIdSet'
-import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/operation'
 import { isSupportedProvider } from '@/utils/providers'
 
 import { useAccountOnboarding } from './useAccountOnboarding'
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountOnboarding.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountOnboarding.ts
index ae796ecf3..441c498ad 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountOnboarding.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountOnboarding.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ import { toast } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { computed, ref, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { createAccountImportTask, importAccounts } from '@/api'
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage, generateRequestId } from '@/utils/operation'
 import { formatProviderLabel, isSupportedProvider } from '@/utils/providers'
-import { generateRequestId } from '@/utils/uuid'
 import { accountCreateProvider, accountCreateSourceKey, accountImportSettings, accountProxyError, emptyAccountCreateForm } from '../components/AccountCreateModal/model'
 import { accountImportModes } from '../components/AccountCreateModal/presenter'
 import { accountImportDocuments, MAX_ACCOUNT_IMPORT_COUNT, mixedImportDocuments } from '../utils/accountImport'
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountResetCredits.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountResetCredits.ts
index 3c79e844d..193416f6c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountResetCredits.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/composables/useAccountResetCredits.ts
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import {
   getAccountResetCredits,
 } from '@/api'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
-import { generateRequestId } from '@/utils/uuid'
+import { errorMessage, generateRequestId } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 interface PendingResetCreditOperation {
   accountId: string
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountImport.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountImport.ts
index fa135de31..56da65825 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountImport.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountImport.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isRecord } from '@/utils/object'
+import { isRecord } from '@/utils/data'
 import { formatProviderLabel, isSupportedProvider } from '@/utils/providers'
 
 export const MAX_ACCOUNT_IMPORT_COUNT = 200
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountProfileStatistics.ts b/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountProfileStatistics.ts
index 8a8b6843b..a8479aa80 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountProfileStatistics.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/accounts/utils/accountProfileStatistics.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { AccountProfileDailyUsage } from '@/api'
-import { formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 
 export type ProfileActivityMode = 'daily' | 'weekly' | 'cumulative'
 export type ProfileActivityLevel = 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/AccountOverviewCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/AccountOverviewCard.vue
index be0bf41ff..3be5000b4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/AccountOverviewCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/AccountOverviewCard.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { BaseCard, BaseEmpty } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { CircleCheck, RefreshCw, ShieldAlert, TriangleAlert } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 import AccountUsageWindow from '@/views/accounts/components/AccountUsageWindow/index.vue'
 import { metricToneIconClasses, metricToneValueClasses } from '../constants'
 import DashboardAccountIdentity from './DashboardAccountIdentity.vue'
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/WireProfileCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/WireProfileCard.vue
index 28bc9b7f8..2699a595d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/WireProfileCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/components/WireProfileCard.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { BaseCard, BaseEmpty, BaseSegmented } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { Box, CheckCircle2, Monitor, RefreshCw, ShieldCheck, Terminal, TriangleAlert } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 import { formatProviderLabel, isSupportedProvider, providerIcon } from '@/utils/providers'
 
 interface WireProfile {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/composables/useDashboard.ts b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/composables/useDashboard.ts
index a17eadff2..9b9548b38 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/composables/useDashboard.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/composables/useDashboard.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ import { useIntervalFn } from '@vueuse/core'
 import { computed, onMounted, onScopeDispose, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 
 import { getDashboardSummary, getDashboardTrend } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/async'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
-import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatCompactNumber, formatDateTime, formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
+import { errorMessage, withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 export function useDashboard() {
   const activeTrendKind = shallowRef(normalizeDashboardTrendKind('usage'))
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/constants.ts b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/constants.ts
index dff30674f..4fcb31505 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/dashboard/constants.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/dashboard/constants.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { MetricTone } from './composables/useDashboard'
-import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 
 // tone 到 Tailwind 类的唯一映射；仪表盘各卡片共用。
 export const metricToneIconClasses: Record<MetricTone, string> = {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/groups/composables/useAccountGroups.ts b/frontend/src/views/groups/composables/useAccountGroups.ts
index efd9749f7..3ee1a86f5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/groups/composables/useAccountGroups.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/groups/composables/useAccountGroups.ts
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import {
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
 import { useIdSet } from '@/composables/useIdSet'
 import { usePagedQuery } from '@/composables/usePagedQuery'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import { DEFAULT_ACCOUNT_GROUP_COLOR } from '../constants'
 
 export interface AccountGroupFormValue {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageSummary.vue b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageSummary.vue
index 78cea94a8..0af29b4a3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageSummary.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageSummary.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { KeyUsageMetrics } from '@/api/modules/key-usage'
 import { BaseCard, BaseMotionIcon } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { Gauge, Zap } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 import AnimatedMetricValue from '@/views/dashboard/components/AnimatedMetricValue.vue'
 import { money } from '../utils/format'
 import { keyUsageTokenMetrics, keyUsageTokenValue } from '../utils/metrics'
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageTrend.vue b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageTrend.vue
index e00850919..57df596b0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageTrend.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/components/KeyUsageTrend.vue
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { computed } from 'vue'
 import BaseChart from '@/components/charts/BaseChart.vue'
 import { chartTooltipStyle } from '@/components/charts/tooltip'
 import { useChartPalette } from '@/composables/useChartPalette'
-import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatCompactNumber, formatInteger } from '@/utils/format'
 import { keyUsageTime, money } from '../utils/format'
 import { keyUsageTokenMetrics, keyUsageTokenValue } from '../utils/metrics'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/composables/useKeyConfig.ts b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/composables/useKeyConfig.ts
index 0071db457..8c3c33782 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/composables/useKeyConfig.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/composables/useKeyConfig.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { computed, onScopeDispose, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getKeyUsageConfig } from '@/api/modules/key-usage'
 import { useCopyText } from '@/composables/useCopyText'
 import { useRequestState } from '@/composables/useRequestState'
-import { resolveServiceRootUrl } from '@/utils/serviceUrl'
+import { resolveServiceRootUrl } from '@/utils/client'
 
 export function useKeyConfig() {
   const showConfig = shallowRef(false)
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/utils/format.ts b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/utils/format.ts
index 64fc84e0d..c6838c6fe 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/key-usage/utils/format.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/key-usage/utils/format.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 export const KEY_USAGE_TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/keys/components/ApiKeyBudgetCell.vue b/frontend/src/views/keys/components/ApiKeyBudgetCell.vue
index c4098310e..d0df72f25 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/keys/components/ApiKeyBudgetCell.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/keys/components/ApiKeyBudgetCell.vue
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import type { ApiKey } from '@/api'
 import { BasePopover } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 const props = defineProps<{ apiKey: ApiKey }>()
 const windows = computed(() => [
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeyUse.ts b/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeyUse.ts
index 9056982ad..d93ae18c1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeyUse.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeyUse.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import type { Ref, ShallowRef } from 'vue'
 import type { getApiKeys } from '@/api'
 import { computed, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 
-import { buildCodexCcSwitchImportDeeplink } from '@/utils/ccswitchImport'
-import { resolveServiceRootUrl } from '@/utils/serviceUrl'
+import { buildCodexCcSwitchImportDeeplink, resolveServiceRootUrl } from '@/utils/client'
 
 // “使用密钥”弹窗展示明文时，在列表行上补挂 reveal 得到的完整 key。
 type ApiKeyRow = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getApiKeys>>['items'][number] & { key?: string }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeysQuery.ts b/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeysQuery.ts
index 8c602a81d..c7fe7f2f7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeysQuery.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/keys/composables/useApiKeysQuery.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { watchDebounced } from '@vueuse/core'
 import { computed, onMounted, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 import { getApiKeys } from '@/api'
 import { useRequestState } from '@/composables/useRequestState'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 export function useApiKeysQuery() {
   const searchQuery = shallowRef('')
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginConfigurationFields.vue b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginConfigurationFields.vue
index a569280f5..ea14aa1ec 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginConfigurationFields.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginConfigurationFields.vue
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { BaseEmpty, BaseFormItem, BaseInput, BaseTag } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { computed, nextTick, shallowRef, useTemplateRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import SchemaForm from '@/components/SchemaForm/index.vue'
-import { jsonObjectError, parseJsonObject } from '@/utils/jsonObject'
+import { jsonObjectError, parseJsonObject } from '@/utils/data'
 import PluginHelpPopover from './PluginHelpPopover.vue'
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginFrontendAuthenticationEditor.vue b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginFrontendAuthenticationEditor.vue
index 8b208e30e..b48b20ae6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginFrontendAuthenticationEditor.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginFrontendAuthenticationEditor.vue
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { BaseButton, BaseFormItem, BaseIconButton, BaseInput, BaseSegmented, Bas
 import { Plus, RefreshCw, Trash2 } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getApiKeys } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import PluginHelpPopover from './PluginHelpPopover.vue'
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginManagementFrame.vue b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginManagementFrame.vue
index 6e422d430..6a1f7292a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginManagementFrame.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginManagementFrame.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
 import { API_BASE_URL } from '@/api/constants'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
 import { useThemeStore } from '@/stores/modules/theme'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage, generateRequestId } from '@/utils/operation'
 import {
   assemblePluginManagementPage,
   MAXIMUM_MANAGEMENT_BODY_BYTES,
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ async function loadPage() {
   loading.value = true
   loadError.value = ''
   const controller = new AbortController()
-  const channel = crypto.randomUUID()
-  const sessionId = crypto.randomUUID()
+  const channel = generateRequestId()
+  const sessionId = generateRequestId()
   try {
     await nextTick()
     if (sequence !== loadSequence)
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginPage.vue b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginPage.vue
index fce84bc95..f850a270e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginPage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginPage.vue
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ import { Blocks, CircleAlert, RefreshCw } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
 import { computed, onMounted, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
-import { usePluginManagementViewsStore } from '@/stores/modules/plugin-management-views'
+import { usePluginViewsStore } from '@/stores/modules/plugin-views'
 import { pluginPageLocation } from '../utils/navigation'
 import PluginManagementFrame from './PluginManagementFrame.vue'
 import PluginPageLoading from './PluginPageLoading.vue'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
-const directory = usePluginManagementViewsStore()
+const directory = usePluginViewsStore()
 const { pageViews, loading, loaded, loadError } = storeToRefs(directory)
 const frameReload = shallowRef(0)
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginResourcePicker.vue b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginResourcePicker.vue
index c8d81b965..849d74e90 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginResourcePicker.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/plugins/components/PluginResourcePicker.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { BaseButton, BaseEmpty, BaseSelect, toast } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { CircleAlert, LoaderCircle } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed, onScopeDispose, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getAccountGroups, getApiKeys } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{ kind: 'keys' | 'groups', disabled?: boolean, maxCollapseTags?: number }>(), { maxCollapseTags: 1 })
 const selected = defineModel<string[]>({ required: true })
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/plugins/composables/usePluginManagement.ts b/frontend/src/views/plugins/composables/usePluginManagement.ts
index dfd80797e..ce6055bff 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/plugins/composables/usePluginManagement.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/plugins/composables/usePluginManagement.ts
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ import {
   updatePluginInstance,
 } from '@/api'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
-import { usePluginManagementViewsStore } from '@/stores/modules/plugin-management-views'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { usePluginViewsStore } from '@/stores/modules/plugin-views'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import { configurationStatus, currentPluginInstance, groupInstalledPlugins } from '../utils/catalog'
 import { usePluginInstallation } from './usePluginInstallation'
 import { usePluginUninstall } from './usePluginUninstall'
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export function usePluginManagement() {
   const instances = shallowRef<PluginInstance[]>([])
   const sources = shallowRef<PluginUpdateSourceBinding[]>([])
   const credentials = shallowRef<PluginSourceCredential[]>([])
-  const extensionDirectory = usePluginManagementViewsStore()
+  const extensionDirectory = usePluginViewsStore()
   const { views: extensions } = storeToRefs(extensionDirectory)
   const loading = shallowRef(false)
   const catalog = computed(() => groupInstalledPlugins(artifacts.value, instances.value, sources.value))
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue b/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue
index 1dada6a2b..d66db6f60 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/proxies/index.vue
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import { computed, onMounted, reactive, ref, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { createProxy, deleteProxy, getProxies, probeProxy, testProxy, updateProxy } from '@/api'
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
 import { usePagedQuery } from '@/composables/usePagedQuery'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
-import { normalizeRequestLocation, requestLocationError } from '@/utils/request-location'
+import { normalizeRequestLocation, requestLocationError } from '@/utils/data'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 import ProxyAccountsModal from './components/ProxyAccountsModal.vue'
 import ProxyFormModal from './components/ProxyFormModal.vue'
 import { effectiveProxyLocation } from './utils/location'
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/components/backup/BackupRecordsCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/settings/components/backup/BackupRecordsCard.vue
index dbba9013e..71f9ccbde 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/components/backup/BackupRecordsCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/components/backup/BackupRecordsCard.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { BackupRecord } from '@/api'
 
 import { BaseButton, BaseCard, BaseConfirmModal, BaseIconButton, BaseTable, BaseTablePagination, defineTableColumns } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { Download, Play, RefreshCw, Trash2 } from '@lucide/vue'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 import BackupStatusBadge from './BackupStatusBadge.vue'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/components/ClientDesktopOfflineDownloads.vue b/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/components/ClientDesktopOfflineDownloads.vue
index b2f76e919..a323fd8ad 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/components/ClientDesktopOfflineDownloads.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/components/ClientDesktopOfflineDownloads.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { ClientDownloadPackage, CodexDesktopWindowsDownloads } from '@/api'
 import { BaseButton, BaseEmpty, BaseIconButton, BaseSkeleton } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 
 import { ArrowDownToLine, PackageOpen, RefreshCw } from '@lucide/vue'
-import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/date'
+import { formatDateTime } from '@/utils/format'
 
 import ClientInstallCommandList from './ClientInstallCommandList.vue'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/composables/useClientDownloads.ts b/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/composables/useClientDownloads.ts
index d0f072c7c..22509646b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/composables/useClientDownloads.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/components/client-version/composables/useClientDownloads.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { CodexDesktopWindowsDownloads } from '@/api'
 import { shallowRef } from 'vue'
 
 import { getCodexDesktopWindowsDownloads } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 export function useClientDownloads() {
   const open = shallowRef(false)
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupRecords.ts b/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupRecords.ts
index 8219f8e9d..67357987a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupRecords.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupRecords.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@/api'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
 import { usePagedQuery } from '@/composables/usePagedQuery'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 const ACTIVE_STATUSES: BackupStatus[] = ['queued', 'dumping', 'uploading']
 const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 2000
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupSettings.ts b/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupSettings.ts
index b1f012732..ab11db46b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupSettings.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useBackupSettings.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   updateBackupSchedule,
   updateBackupStorage,
 } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 /** 存储与计划配置共用的加载/保存/测试 composable。 */
 export function useBackupSettings() {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useSettingsForm.ts b/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useSettingsForm.ts
index 707b46e02..cf8ec9aa3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useSettingsForm.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/composables/useSettingsForm.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import { computed, reactive, ref, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 import { getSettings, updateSettings } from '@/api'
 import { ApiError } from '@/api/request'
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
-import { normalizeRequestLocation, requestLocationError } from '@/utils/request-location'
+import { normalizeRequestLocation, requestLocationError } from '@/utils/data'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 type RotationStrategy = (typeof rotationOptions)[number]['value']
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/settings/pricing/usePricing.ts b/frontend/src/views/settings/pricing/usePricing.ts
index dcd5b05f1..424b54911 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/settings/pricing/usePricing.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/settings/pricing/usePricing.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { toast } from '@codex-proxy/ui'
 import { computed, onMounted, ref, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getPricing, previewPricingSync, syncPricing, updatePricing } from '@/api'
 import { useAsyncAction } from '@/composables/useAsyncAction'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 import { pricingProviders, pricingRows } from './model'
 
 export function usePricing() {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageCostCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageCostCard.vue
index d55e09f8b..380227caf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageCostCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageCostCard.vue
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   zeroInactiveValues,
 } from '@/components/charts/timeSeriesGap'
 import { useChartPalette } from '@/composables/useChartPalette'
-import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 
 import {
   tooltipIndex,
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageDiagnosticCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageDiagnosticCard.vue
index 6bc6d8656..4e6adbef0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageDiagnosticCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageDiagnosticCard.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { BaseCard, BaseEmpty, BaseSegmented, BaseTable, defineTableColumns } fro
 
 import { CornerDownRight } from '@lucide/vue'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
-import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 
 import { formatDuration, formatPercent, formatUsd } from '../utils/format'
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageHealthCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageHealthCard.vue
index e4c7a4a25..de1a1e117 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageHealthCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsageHealthCard.vue
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { use } from 'echarts/core'
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 import BaseChart from '@/components/charts/BaseChart.vue'
 import { useChartPalette } from '@/composables/useChartPalette'
-import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 
 import {
   tooltipIndex,
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsagePerformanceCard.vue b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsagePerformanceCard.vue
index fffebdd06..1eeeb131e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsagePerformanceCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/components/UsagePerformanceCard.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { computed, shallowRef } from 'vue'
 import BaseChart from '@/components/charts/BaseChart.vue'
 import { requestActivityByBucket, zeroInactiveValues } from '@/components/charts/timeSeriesGap'
 import { useChartPalette } from '@/composables/useChartPalette'
-import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber as formatCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 
 import {
   tooltipIndex,
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useOpsErrorsTable.ts b/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useOpsErrorsTable.ts
index 7afd2776b..6861ec5a9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useOpsErrorsTable.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useOpsErrorsTable.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { watchDebounced } from '@vueuse/core'
 import { computed, onScopeDispose, shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getOpsErrors } from '@/api'
 import { useStablePagedQuery } from '@/composables/useStablePagedQuery'
-import { withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/async'
+import { withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 interface UseOpsErrorsTableOptions {
   timeRangeParams: Readonly<Ref<UsageTimeRangeParams>>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useRequestDiagnostics.ts b/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useRequestDiagnostics.ts
index b4da395d4..4c66849c1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useRequestDiagnostics.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useRequestDiagnostics.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { UsageRecordDetail } from '@/api'
 import { shallowRef, watch } from 'vue'
 import { getUsageRecordDetail } from '@/api'
-import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/async'
+import { errorMessage } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 /** Requests can be switched while a lookup is pending; stale results never replace the active trace. */
 export function useRequestDiagnostics(requestId: () => string) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useUsageRecordsTable.ts b/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useUsageRecordsTable.ts
index 472326c4a..d85b79926 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useUsageRecordsTable.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/composables/useUsageRecordsTable.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
   getUsageRecords,
   getUsageRecordSummary,
 } from '@/api'
-import { withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/async'
+import { withMinimumDuration } from '@/utils/operation'
 
 interface UseUsageRecordsTableOptions {
   timeRangeParams: Readonly<Ref<UsageTimeRangeParams>>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/format.ts b/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/format.ts
index c827727c0..8ddd35bfa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/format.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/format.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber } from '@/utils/number'
+import { formatLocalizedCompactNumber } from '@/utils/format'
 import { formatProviderLabel } from '@/utils/providers'
 
 const percentFormatter = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN', {
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/records.ts b/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/records.ts
index 1291eb073..1f84511bf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/records.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/views/usage/utils/records.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import type {
   UsageTokenDetails,
 } from '@/api'
 
-import { isRecord } from '@/utils/object'
+import { isRecord } from '@/utils/data'
 import { formatDuration } from './format'
 
 // Usage 记录的规范化 view model：组件只消费这个形状。
diff --git a/frontend/vite.config.ts b/frontend/vite.config.ts
index d501dcaba..4a28b7bec 100644
--- a/frontend/vite.config.ts
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
       },
     },
     build: {
-      outDir: sourceUi ? '.vite/source-dist' : 'dist',
+      outDir: sourceUi ? 'node_modules/.vite/source-dist' : 'dist',
       assetsDir: 'assets',
       chunkSizeWarningLimit: 600,
       rolldownOptions: {