diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/openai/error.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/openai/error.rs
index e4e808c35..4580d3749 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/openai/error.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-api/src/openai/error.rs
@@ -327,6 +327,11 @@ pub const fn gateway_error_contract(
             "server_error",
             "upstream_unavailable",
         ),
+        GatewayErrorKind::MessageTooBig => (
+            StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE,
+            "invalid_request_error",
+            "message_too_big",
+        ),
         GatewayErrorKind::Timeout => (
             StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT,
             "server_error",
diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-core/src/error.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-core/src/error.rs
index 5caedebfd..07d9f3514 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-core/src/error.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-core/src/error.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ pub enum ProviderErrorKind {
     Transport,
     /// 上游协议不合法。
     Protocol,
+    /// 上游以 message too big 拒收当前请求（如 WebSocket close 1009）。
+    /// 这是请求自身的问题：换账号或暂停 Provider 都无法让它成功。
+    MessageTooBig,
     /// Provider 暂不可用。
     Unavailable,
     /// 上游明确拒绝当前请求的模型容量；不证明整个 Provider 的基础设施故障。
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ impl ProviderErrorKind {
             Self::Timeout => "timeout",
             Self::Transport => "transport",
             Self::Protocol => "protocol",
+            Self::MessageTooBig => "message_too_big",
             Self::Unavailable => "unavailable",
             Self::UpstreamCapacityUnavailable => "upstream_capacity_unavailable",
             Self::Cancelled => "cancelled",
@@ -978,6 +982,9 @@ pub enum GatewayErrorKind {
     RateLimited,
     /// 上游暂不可用。
     UpstreamUnavailable,
+    /// 上游拒收当前请求：消息过大（如 WebSocket close 1009）。
+    /// 客户端必须缩小或重建请求；重试或换账号都无法成功。
+    MessageTooBig,
     /// 请求超时。
     Timeout,
     /// 请求取消。
@@ -1003,6 +1010,7 @@ impl GatewayErrorKind {
             Self::ProviderInfrastructureUnavailable => "provider_infrastructure_unavailable",
             Self::RateLimited => "rate_limited",
             Self::UpstreamUnavailable => "upstream_unavailable",
+            Self::MessageTooBig => "message_too_big",
             Self::Timeout => "timeout",
             Self::Cancelled => "cancelled",
             Self::Internal => "internal_error",
@@ -1113,6 +1121,10 @@ impl GatewayError {
             ProviderErrorKind::Timeout => {
                 Self::new(GatewayErrorKind::Timeout, "upstream request timed out")
             }
+            ProviderErrorKind::MessageTooBig => Self::new(
+                GatewayErrorKind::MessageTooBig,
+                "upstream rejected the request because the message is too large",
+            ),
             ProviderErrorKind::Cancelled => {
                 Self::new(GatewayErrorKind::Cancelled, "request was cancelled")
             }
diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/execution.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/execution.rs
index ec6fca267..affba9eed 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/execution.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/engine/execution.rs
@@ -2832,6 +2832,10 @@ fn only_provider_attributable_failures_should_affect_circuit() {
     assert!(!provider_failure_affects_circuit(
         ProviderErrorKind::UpstreamCapacityUnavailable
     ));
+    // 上游 close 1009（message too big）是请求自身的问题：不得熔断 provider。
+    assert!(!provider_failure_affects_circuit(
+        ProviderErrorKind::MessageTooBig
+    ));
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/error.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/error.rs
index e302bc387..2b6adecfd 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/error.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-core/tests/error.rs
@@ -203,6 +203,26 @@ fn continuation_recovery_should_keep_its_internal_classification_and_client_cont
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn message_too_big_should_map_to_a_request_scoped_client_contract() {
+    let error = ProviderError::new(ProviderErrorKind::MessageTooBig, UpstreamSendState::Ambiguous)
+        .with_client_visible_upstream_error(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+            "upstream websocket message too big",
+            Some("message_too_big".to_owned()),
+            Some("invalid_request_error".to_owned()),
+        ));
+    let gateway = GatewayError::from_provider(&error);
+
+    assert_eq!(error.kind().as_str(), "message_too_big");
+    assert_eq!(gateway.kind().as_str(), "message_too_big");
+    assert_eq!(
+        gateway.safe_message(),
+        "upstream rejected the request because the message is too large"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(gateway.client_error_code(), Some("message_too_big"));
+    assert_eq!(gateway.client_error_type(), Some("invalid_request_error"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn client_visible_upstream_error_should_preserve_opaque_structured_fields() {
     let message = format!("\0{}\n", "m".repeat(9_000));
diff --git a/backend/crates/gateway-plugin/runtime/src/callback/model.rs b/backend/crates/gateway-plugin/runtime/src/callback/model.rs
index 4549f3c8f..60730fe0d 100644
--- a/backend/crates/gateway-plugin/runtime/src/callback/model.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/gateway-plugin/runtime/src/callback/model.rs
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ fn project_wire(wire: ProtocolWireEvent) -> Result<WireEvent, PluginFault> {
 
 pub(super) fn gateway_fault(error: GatewayError) -> PluginFault {
     let code = match error.kind() {
-        GatewayErrorKind::InvalidRequest => ErrorCode::InvalidInput,
+        GatewayErrorKind::InvalidRequest | GatewayErrorKind::MessageTooBig => ErrorCode::InvalidInput,
         GatewayErrorKind::Unsupported | GatewayErrorKind::ModelNotFound => ErrorCode::Unsupported,
         GatewayErrorKind::Unauthorized => ErrorCode::PermissionDenied,
         GatewayErrorKind::PolicyDenied => ErrorCode::Rejected,
diff --git a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/failure.rs b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/failure.rs
index 2bf4a32a6..559b7b9ec 100644
--- a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/failure.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/failure.rs
@@ -1227,6 +1227,22 @@ pub(super) fn websocket_client_visible_error(
         ));
     }
     let close = error.close_before_terminal()?;
+    // RFC 6455 1009 = message too big：客户端必须能识别并缩小/重建请求，
+    // 因此投影成结构化的 invalid_request_error/message_too_big，而不是裸 close 码。
+    if close.code() == Some(WEBSOCKET_CLOSE_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG) {
+        let message = close
+            .reason()
+            .filter(|reason| !reason.is_empty())
+            .map_or_else(
+                || "upstream websocket message too big".to_owned(),
+                str::to_owned,
+            );
+        return Some(ClientVisibleUpstreamError::new(
+            message,
+            Some("message_too_big".to_owned()),
+            Some("invalid_request_error".to_owned()),
+        ));
+    }
     let message = close
         .reason()
         .filter(|reason| !reason.is_empty())
@@ -1487,11 +1503,24 @@ pub(super) fn websocket_error_kind(error: &CodexWebSocketExchangeError) -> Provi
         CodexWebSocketExchangeError::ConnectionLimitReached(_) => ProviderErrorKind::RateLimited,
         CodexWebSocketExchangeError::Transport(_)
         | CodexWebSocketExchangeError::Connect(_)
-        | CodexWebSocketExchangeError::PostSendAmbiguous { .. }
-        | CodexWebSocketExchangeError::ClosedBeforeTerminal(_)
         | CodexWebSocketExchangeError::ReusedConnectionDiedBeforeFirstEvent { .. } => {
             ProviderErrorKind::Transport
         }
+        // 上游 close 1009 是 RFC 6455 的 "message too big"：请求自身超出上游
+        // WS 消息上限。换账号或熔断 Provider 都无法让该请求成功，必须让客户端
+        // 感知到可行动的 message_too_big 语义，且不得计入 provider 熔断。
+        // live 流错误会先被 post_send_ambiguous 包装，需从 source 解出 close 码。
+        CodexWebSocketExchangeError::ClosedBeforeTerminal(_)
+        | CodexWebSocketExchangeError::PostSendAmbiguous { .. } => {
+            if error
+                .close_before_terminal()
+                .is_some_and(|close| close.code() == Some(WEBSOCKET_CLOSE_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG))
+            {
+                ProviderErrorKind::MessageTooBig
+            } else {
+                ProviderErrorKind::Transport
+            }
+        }
         CodexWebSocketExchangeError::ConnectionObserved { .. } => {
             unreachable!("classified websocket errors never retain observation wrappers")
         }
diff --git a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/mod.rs b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/mod.rs
index 59efd3d2f..409f28cfc 100644
--- a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/mod.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/provider/mod.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ use crate::transport::request::{
 };
 use crate::transport::session::CodexSessionIdentity;
 use crate::transport::usage::normalize_service_tier;
-use crate::transport::websocket::{CodexWebSocketExchangeError, PreviousResponseUnavailableReason};
+use crate::transport::websocket::{CodexWebSocketExchangeError, PreviousResponseUnavailableReason, WEBSOCKET_CLOSE_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG};
 use crate::transport::{
     CODEX_ALPHA_SEARCH_PATH, CODEX_IMAGE_EDITS_PATH, CODEX_IMAGE_GENERATIONS_PATH,
     CODEX_RESPONSES_PATH, CodexAccountSelectionTelemetry, CodexBackendClient,
diff --git a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/error.rs b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/error.rs
index d779ebe2d..bf67a1f85 100644
--- a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/error.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/error.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use gateway_protocol::openai::sse::SseError;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
+/// RFC 6455 close code 1009：上游拒收超出大小限制的消息。
+pub(crate) const WEBSOCKET_CLOSE_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG: u16 = 1009;
+
 use crate::transport::client::CodexClientVisibleUpstreamResponse;
 use crate::transport::diagnostics::CodexUpstreamDiagnostics;
 use crate::transport::diagnostics::CodexUpstreamSendPhase;
diff --git a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/mod.rs b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/mod.rs
index a91bef760..b2464aecd 100644
--- a/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/mod.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/providers/openai/src/transport/websocket/mod.rs
@@ -41,5 +41,6 @@ pub(crate) use self::{
         execute_prepared_response_create_request_stream, post_send_ambiguous,
         prepare_response_create_request_with_pool,
     },
+    error::WEBSOCKET_CLOSE_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG,
     pool::DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT,
 };
diff --git a/backend/crates/providers/openai/tests/provider/contract.rs b/backend/crates/providers/openai/tests/provider/contract.rs
index e9d997ce2..2cacc1f7c 100644
--- a/backend/crates/providers/openai/tests/provider/contract.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/providers/openai/tests/provider/contract.rs
@@ -3592,7 +3592,9 @@ async fn websocket_close_after_delivery_preserves_details_and_reconnects_through
 
     assert!(!format!("{error:?}").contains("message too big"));
     assert!(!error.to_string().contains("message too big"));
-    assert_eq!(error.kind(), ProviderErrorKind::Transport);
+    // 上游 close 1009 是 RFC 6455 "message too big"：必须归因为请求自身问题，
+    // 而不是 provider 传输故障（否则会被熔断器和换号逻辑误伤其他请求）。
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), ProviderErrorKind::MessageTooBig);
     assert_eq!(error.send_state(), UpstreamSendState::Ambiguous);
     assert!(
         !error.allows_pre_delivery_retry(),
@@ -3602,8 +3604,8 @@ async fn websocket_close_after_delivery_preserves_details_and_reconnects_through
         .client_visible_upstream_error()
         .expect("WebSocket close detail");
     assert_eq!(detail.message(), "message too big");
-    assert_eq!(detail.code(), Some("1009"));
-    assert_eq!(detail.error_type(), Some("websocket_close_error"));
+    assert_eq!(detail.code(), Some("message_too_big"));
+    assert_eq!(detail.error_type(), Some("invalid_request_error"));
     assert_eq!(
         error.upstream_code().map(|code| code.as_str()),
         Some("websocket_close_1009")