diff --git a/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/dynamic_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_does_not_abort_queue.html b/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/dynamic_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_does_not_abort_queue.html
index ebf3ec6309..bfd2f7bbea 100644
--- a/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/dynamic_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_does_not_abort_queue.html
+++ b/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/dynamic_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_does_not_abort_queue.html
@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@
       window.addEventListener("error", (event) => {
         window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadOrder.push("window-error");
         window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadErrorMessageMatches = Boolean(
-          event.error &&
-            typeof event.error.message === "string" &&
-            event.error.message.length > 0,
+          typeof event.message === "string" && event.message.length > 0,
         );
+        window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadErrorIdentityMatches =
+          event.error === window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadReason &&
+          Object.getPrototypeOf(event.error) === null &&
+          !Object.hasOwn(event.error, "message") &&
+          !Object.hasOwn(event.error, "fileName");
         window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadFilenameMatches =
           typeof event.filename === "string" &&
           event.filename.includes(
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@
         window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadOrder.push("script-error");
       };
       broken.text =
-        'const reason = Object.create(null); await Promise.reject(reason);';
+        'const reason = window.dynamicModuleTlaPayloadReason = Object.create(null); await Promise.reject(reason);';
       document.body.appendChild(broken);
 
       const later = document.createElement("script");
diff --git a/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/parser_owned_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_before_later_module.html b/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/parser_owned_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_before_later_module.html
index 65d5543adb..6dc6bddd04 100644
--- a/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/parser_owned_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_before_later_module.html
+++ b/moli-core/tests/fixtures/runtime/parser_owned_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_before_later_module.html
@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@
       window.addEventListener("error", (event) => {
         window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadOrder.push("window-error");
         window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadErrorMessageMatches = Boolean(
-          event.error &&
-            typeof event.error.message === "string" &&
-            event.error.message.length > 0,
+          typeof event.message === "string" && event.message.length > 0,
         );
+        window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadErrorIdentityMatches =
+          event.error === window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadReason &&
+          Object.getPrototypeOf(event.error) === null &&
+          !Object.hasOwn(event.error, "message") &&
+          !Object.hasOwn(event.error, "fileName");
         window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadFilenameMatches =
           typeof event.filename === "string" &&
           event.filename.includes(
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@
       type="module"
       onerror="window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadOrder.push('script-error');"
     >
-      const reason = Object.create(null);
+      const reason = window.parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadReason = Object.create(null);
       await Promise.reject(reason);
     </script>
     <script type="module">
diff --git a/moli-core/tests/scripts.rs b/moli-core/tests/scripts.rs
index 40e15f4ddb..592a5beb96 100644
--- a/moli-core/tests/scripts.rs
+++ b/moli-core/tests/scripts.rs
@@ -3151,6 +3151,10 @@ async fn dynamic_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_withou
         diagnostic_global(&page, "dynamicModuleTlaPayloadErrorMessageMatches"),
         Some(&JsValueSnapshot::Bool(true))
     );
+    assert_eq!(
+        diagnostic_global(&page, "dynamicModuleTlaPayloadErrorIdentityMatches"),
+        Some(&JsValueSnapshot::Bool(true))
+    );
     assert_eq!(
         diagnostic_global(&page, "dynamicModuleTlaPayloadFilenameMatches"),
         Some(&JsValueSnapshot::Bool(true))
@@ -3839,6 +3843,10 @@ async fn parser_owned_module_tla_exotic_rejection_reports_window_error_payload_w
         diagnostic_global(&page, "parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadErrorMessageMatches"),
         Some(&JsValueSnapshot::Bool(true))
     );
+    assert_eq!(
+        diagnostic_global(&page, "parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadErrorIdentityMatches"),
+        Some(&JsValueSnapshot::Bool(true))
+    );
     assert_eq!(
         diagnostic_global(&page, "parserOwnedModuleTlaPayloadFilenameMatches"),
         Some(&JsValueSnapshot::Bool(true))
@@ -5377,7 +5385,7 @@ async fn module_wasm_js_cycle_reports_guard_without_crashing() -> Result<()> {
         .await?;
     assert_eq!(
         diagnostic_global(&page, "moduleWasmJsCycleConstructor"),
-        Some(&JsValueSnapshot::String("Error".to_owned())),
+        Some(&JsValueSnapshot::String("TypeError".to_owned())),
         "message: {:?}",
         diagnostic_global(&page, "moduleWasmJsCycleMessage")
     );
diff --git a/moli-module-script-tree/src/job.rs b/moli-module-script-tree/src/job.rs
index a0ee5a0f70..8208c50dae 100644
--- a/moli-module-script-tree/src/job.rs
+++ b/moli-module-script-tree/src/job.rs
@@ -698,6 +698,30 @@ struct DependencyCandidate {
 }
 
 fn is_parse_error(error: &ModuleLoadError) -> bool {
-    error.exception_id.is_some()
+    (error.exception_id.is_some()
+        && matches!(
+            error.stage,
+            ModuleLoadStage::Compile | ModuleLoadStage::Resolve
+        ))
         || error.error_constructor == Some(ModuleErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn retained_values_do_not_turn_link_or_evaluation_failures_into_parse_errors() {
+        for (stage, expected) in [
+            (ModuleLoadStage::Compile, true),
+            (ModuleLoadStage::Resolve, true),
+            (ModuleLoadStage::Fetch, false),
+            (ModuleLoadStage::Instantiate, false),
+            (ModuleLoadStage::Evaluate, false),
+        ] {
+            let error = ModuleLoadError::new(stage, "retained error")
+                .with_exception_id(crate::ModuleExceptionId(1));
+            assert_eq!(is_parse_error(&error), expected, "{stage:?}");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_module_graph/diagnostics.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_module_graph/diagnostics.rs
index e7c3a8b3f8..cea71ca90e 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_module_graph/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_module_graph/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind;
+use crate::types::{ScriptErrorConstructorKind, ScriptErrorValue};
 use moli_module_script_tree::ModuleExceptionId;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -60,6 +60,17 @@ impl ModuleLoadError {
         &self.message
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn with_message(mut self, message: String) -> Self {
+        self.message = message;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn error_value(&self) -> Option<ScriptErrorValue> {
+        self.exception_id
+            .map(ScriptErrorValue::Retained)
+            .or_else(|| self.error_constructor.map(ScriptErrorValue::Constructor))
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn error_constructor(&self) -> Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind> {
         self.error_constructor
     }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/script_scheduling/script_handles.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/script_scheduling/script_handles.rs
index 57d9bceb42..5254aa3825 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/script_scheduling/script_handles.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/script_scheduling/script_handles.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::host::{
 };
 use crate::page_task_queue::PostParseLifecycleWork;
 use crate::planning::PreparedScript;
-use crate::types::{ScriptErrorConstructorKind, ScriptKind};
+use crate::types::{ScriptErrorValue, ScriptKind};
 use tracing::warn;
 
 impl DocumentRuntime {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl DocumentRuntime {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Vec<PostParseLifecycleWork> {
         if script.host_script_handle.is_none()
             && matches!(script.kind, ScriptKind::Module | ScriptKind::ImportMap)
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl DocumentRuntime {
                 message,
                 Some(script.url.as_str()),
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             )
     }
 
@@ -196,17 +196,12 @@ impl DocumentRuntime {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Vec<PageTask> {
-        self.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
-            script,
-            message,
-            module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
-        )
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(PostParseLifecycleWork::into_page_task)
-        .collect()
+        self.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(script, message, module_failure_policy, error_value)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(PostParseLifecycleWork::into_page_task)
+            .collect()
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn enqueue_parser_boundary_lifecycle_work(&mut self, work: PostParseLifecycleWork) {
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/owner_work.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/owner_work.rs
index 38daa64194..41402cb461 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/owner_work.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/owner_work.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
         PreparedScript, PreparedScriptSourceLoadOutcome, SharedScriptSourceLoad,
         prepared_script_with_loaded_source,
     },
-    types::{ScriptErrorConstructorKind, SharedNavigationResponseResult},
+    types::{ScriptErrorValue, SharedNavigationResponseResult},
 };
 
 use super::{DocumentScriptExecutionLane, DocumentScriptSourceFailureLane};
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use super::{DocumentScriptExecutionLane, DocumentScriptSourceFailureLane};
 pub(crate) struct PageOwnedDocumentScriptSourceFailure {
     message: String,
     module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-    error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+    error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
 }
 
 impl PageOwnedDocumentScriptSourceFailure {
@@ -29,19 +29,19 @@ impl PageOwnedDocumentScriptSourceFailure {
         Self {
             message,
             module_failure_policy: None,
-            error_constructor: None,
+            error_value: None,
         }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn runtime_terminal(
         message: String,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         }
     }
 
@@ -55,13 +55,9 @@ impl PageOwnedDocumentScriptSourceFailure {
     ) -> (
         String,
         Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
-        (
-            self.message,
-            self.module_failure_policy,
-            self.error_constructor,
-        )
+        (self.message, self.module_failure_policy, self.error_value)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/store.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/store.rs
index ffbec0a837..6bb8ee9723 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/store.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_script_scheduler/store.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::parser_module_evaluation::{
 use crate::parser_script::action::ParserClassicScriptNextOwnerAction;
 use crate::planning::{PreparedScript, SharedScriptSourceLoad};
 use crate::stylesheet_blocking::DocumentBlockingStylesheetSignature;
-use crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind;
+use crate::types::ScriptErrorValue;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct ParserModuleEvaluationReactionUpdate {
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ where
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
         mut convert: Convert,
     ) -> Option<ParserModuleEvaluationReactionUpdate>
     where
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ where
     {
         let root_entry =
             self.parser_module_evaluations
-                .mark_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_constructor)?;
+                .mark_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_value)?;
         let queued_ready_action_count = self.promote_ready_parser_module_evaluations(&mut convert);
         Some(ParserModuleEvaluationReactionUpdate {
             root_entry,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/dynamic_script_owner.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/dynamic_script_owner.rs
index fa312cfdd7..73b0093e5d 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/dynamic_script_owner.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/dynamic_script_owner.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ use super::{
         prepared_script_with_loaded_source,
     },
     types::{
-        ScriptErrorConstructorKind, ScriptKind, ScriptMode, ScriptSourceKind,
-        SharedNavigationResponseResult,
+        ScriptErrorValue, ScriptKind, ScriptMode, ScriptSourceKind, SharedNavigationResponseResult,
     },
 };
 use crate::frame_owner_model::MainDocumentScriptLoadDelayLease;
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ struct DynamicScriptFailure {
     kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
     module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
     source_network_result: Option<SharedNavigationResponseResult>,
-    error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+    error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ impl DynamicScriptFailure {
             kind,
             module_failure_policy,
             source_network_result: None,
-            error_constructor: None,
+            error_value: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -199,11 +198,8 @@ impl DynamicScriptFailure {
         self
     }
 
-    fn with_error_constructor(
-        mut self,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        self.error_constructor = error_constructor;
+    fn with_error_value(mut self, error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>) -> Self {
+        self.error_value = error_value;
         self
     }
 
@@ -335,7 +331,7 @@ pub(super) enum DynamicScriptRunnable {
         kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
         source_network_result: Option<SharedNavigationResponseResult>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     },
 }
 
@@ -354,7 +350,7 @@ pub(super) struct DynamicScriptFailureTerminal {
     pub(super) kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
     pub(super) module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
     pub(super) source_network_result: Option<SharedNavigationResponseResult>,
-    pub(super) error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+    pub(super) error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -582,7 +578,7 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
             kind,
             module_failure_policy,
             source_network_result,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         }) = self.followup_work.pop_front()
         else {
             unreachable!("owned error terminal changed after an immutable front check")
@@ -594,7 +590,7 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
             kind,
             module_failure_policy,
             source_network_result,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         })
     }
 
@@ -642,33 +638,33 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
         message: String,
         kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
-        self.note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+        self.note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
             id,
             script,
             message,
             kind,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+    pub(super) fn note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
         &mut self,
         id: DynamicScriptOwnerId,
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: String,
         kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         assert!(
             script.host_script_handle.is_some(),
             "runtime dynamic script should carry host handle before failure dispatch planning"
         );
         let failure = DynamicScriptFailure::with_kind(message, kind, module_failure_policy)
-            .with_error_constructor(error_constructor);
+            .with_error_value(error_value);
         if failure.is_deferrable_module() {
             self.note_script_failed_in_queue_or_enqueue(id, script.clone(), failure);
             self.refresh_followup_work();
@@ -1189,13 +1185,13 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Option<ModuleScriptEvaluationUpdate> {
         let update = self.mark_module_script_evaluation_reaction(
             reaction_id,
             ModuleScriptEvaluationReactionState::Rejected {
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             },
         );
         if update.is_some() {
@@ -1279,21 +1275,21 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
         message: String,
         kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
         source_network_result: Option<SharedNavigationResponseResult>,
     ) {
-        self.requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_constructor(
+        self.requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_value(
             id,
             script,
             message,
             kind,
             module_failure_policy,
             source_network_result,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_constructor(
+    pub(super) fn requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_value(
         &mut self,
         id: DynamicScriptOwnerId,
         script: PreparedScript,
@@ -1301,11 +1297,11 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
         kind: DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
         source_network_result: Option<SharedNavigationResponseResult>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         let failure = DynamicScriptFailure::with_kind(message, kind, module_failure_policy)
             .with_source_network_result(source_network_result)
-            .with_error_constructor(error_constructor);
+            .with_error_value(error_value);
         self.requeue_script_failure_front(id, script, failure);
     }
 
@@ -1952,11 +1948,11 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
                 kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
                 source_network_result,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             } => {
                 let failure = DynamicScriptFailure::with_kind(message, kind, module_failure_policy)
                     .with_source_network_result(source_network_result)
-                    .with_error_constructor(error_constructor);
+                    .with_error_value(error_value);
                 if failure.is_deferrable_module() {
                     self.enqueue_script_failure_with_id(id, script, failure);
                     return;
@@ -2166,7 +2162,7 @@ impl DynamicScriptOwner {
                     kind: failure.kind,
                     module_failure_policy: failure.module_failure_policy,
                     source_network_result: failure.source_network_result,
-                    error_constructor: failure.error_constructor,
+                    error_value: failure.error_value,
                 })
             }
             DynamicScriptReadyState::Loading
@@ -3482,7 +3478,7 @@ mod tests {
             "opaque typed module graph failure".to_owned(),
             DynamicScriptFailureKind::ModuleResolve,
             Some(ModuleFailurePolicy::GraphFailure),
-            Some(ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError),
+            Some(crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError.into()),
         );
 
         let second = owner
@@ -3499,7 +3495,7 @@ mod tests {
         let DynamicScriptRunnable::DispatchError {
             id: failure_id,
             message,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             ..
         } = failure
         else {
@@ -3508,8 +3504,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(failure_id, first_id);
         assert_eq!(message, "opaque typed module graph failure");
         assert_eq!(
-            error_constructor,
-            Some(ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError),
+            error_value,
+            Some(crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError.into()),
             "deferred dynamic module failures must retain their original error constructor"
         );
     }
@@ -3815,7 +3811,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn owner_terminal_failure_preserves_error_constructor() {
+    fn owner_terminal_failure_preserves_error_value() {
         let mut owner = DynamicScriptOwner::default();
         owner.enqueue_batch(DynamicScriptBatch {
             async_scripts: VecDeque::from([prepared_script(0, ScriptMode::Async)]),
@@ -3828,26 +3824,24 @@ mod tests {
             panic!("expected executable dynamic script");
         };
 
-        owner.note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+        owner.note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
             id,
             &script,
             "typed failure".to_owned(),
             DynamicScriptFailureKind::Immediate,
             None,
-            Some(ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError),
+            Some(crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError.into()),
         );
 
-        let DynamicScriptRunnable::DispatchError {
-            error_constructor, ..
-        } = owner
+        let DynamicScriptRunnable::DispatchError { error_value, .. } = owner
             .next_runnable_script()
             .expect("typed failure should become owner terminal work")
         else {
             panic!("expected dynamic script error dispatch");
         };
         assert_eq!(
-            error_constructor,
-            Some(ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError)
+            error_value,
+            Some(crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError.into())
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts.rs
index acbaab3f93..ad6dfd02a4 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::{
     {
         module_runtime::ModuleOwnerState,
         planning::{PreparedScript, ScriptSource},
-        types::{ScriptErrorConstructorKind, ScriptKind, ScriptMode, ScriptSourceKind},
+        types::{ScriptErrorValue, ScriptKind, ScriptMode, ScriptSourceKind},
     },
 };
 use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -1077,13 +1077,13 @@ impl HostScriptScheduler {
         &self,
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> PostParseLifecycleWork {
         PostParseLifecycleWork::ReportWindowScriptFailure(
-            WindowScriptFailureReportTask::new_with_error_constructor(
+            WindowScriptFailureReportTask::new_with_error_value(
                 message,
                 filename.map(std::borrow::ToOwned::to_owned),
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             ),
         )
     }
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ impl HostScriptScheduler {
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Vec<PostParseLifecycleWork> {
         let mut tasks = Vec::new();
         let message = normalize_module_link_failure_message(message, filename);
@@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ impl HostScriptScheduler {
             tasks.push(self.plan_window_script_failure_report_lifecycle_work(
                 &message,
                 filename,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             ));
         }
 
@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ impl HostScriptScheduler {
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
         module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Vec<PageTask> {
         self.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
             kind,
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ impl HostScriptScheduler {
             message,
             filename,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         )
         .into_iter()
         .map(PostParseLifecycleWork::into_page_task)
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/policy.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/policy.rs
index 50ddb11bf6..94b858a30c 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/policy.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/policy.rs
@@ -131,22 +131,18 @@ impl ScriptFailurePageTaskPolicy {
                     report_window_failure: false,
                     load_event_after_window_failure: false,
                 },
-                ModuleFailurePolicy::GraphFailure => Self {
-                    load_event: event_policy.dispatch_policy(ScriptEventKind::Load),
-                    error_event: ScriptEventDispatchPolicy::Skip(
-                        ScriptEventSkipReason::ModuleGraphFailure,
-                    ),
-                    report_window_failure: true,
-                    load_event_after_window_failure: true,
-                },
-                ModuleFailurePolicy::EvaluationFailure => Self {
-                    load_event: event_policy.dispatch_policy(ScriptEventKind::Load),
-                    error_event: ScriptEventDispatchPolicy::Skip(
-                        ScriptEventSkipReason::ModuleGraphFailure,
-                    ),
-                    report_window_failure: true,
-                    load_event_after_window_failure: false,
-                },
+                // A script with a fetched module graph still completes its
+                // external-script load step when running that graph rejects.
+                ModuleFailurePolicy::GraphFailure | ModuleFailurePolicy::EvaluationFailure => {
+                    Self {
+                        load_event: event_policy.dispatch_policy(ScriptEventKind::Load),
+                        error_event: ScriptEventDispatchPolicy::Skip(
+                            ScriptEventSkipReason::ModuleGraphFailure,
+                        ),
+                        report_window_failure: true,
+                        load_event_after_window_failure: true,
+                    }
+                }
             };
         }
         Self {
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/tests.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/tests.rs
index df1927d27f..909c829885 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/tests.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/host/scripts/tests.rs
@@ -2473,7 +2473,7 @@ fn explicit_module_failure_policy_overrides_opaque_message_text() {
             load_event: ScriptEventDispatchPolicy::Dispatch,
             error_event: ScriptEventDispatchPolicy::Skip(ScriptEventSkipReason::ModuleGraphFailure),
             report_window_failure: true,
-            load_event_after_window_failure: false,
+            load_event_after_window_failure: true,
         }
     );
 }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/module_script_continuation.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/module_script_continuation.rs
index 93f0b4fc96..fbd9b7de61 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/module_script_continuation.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/module_script_continuation.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::dom::NodeId;
 use crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptOwnerId;
 use crate::frame_owner_model::{FrameDocumentTaskOwner, MainDocumentScriptLoadDelayLease};
 use crate::planning::PreparedScript;
-use crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind;
+use crate::types::ScriptErrorValue;
 
 pub(crate) struct ModuleScriptContinuation {
     pub(crate) script: PreparedScript,
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ pub(crate) enum ModuleScriptEvaluationReactionState {
     Fulfilled,
     Rejected {
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/core.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/core.rs
index 356e52eb82..41c82b428d 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/core.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/core.rs
@@ -1132,14 +1132,14 @@ impl JsContextHost {
         document_owner: FrameDocumentTaskOwner,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         self.queue_page_module_reaction(
             RendererPageModuleReactionEvent::DocumentModuleScriptEvaluationRejected {
                 document_owner,
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             },
         );
     }
@@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ impl JsContextHost {
         realm_id: crate::frame_owner_model::FrameRealmId,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         self.queue_page_module_reaction(
             RendererPageModuleReactionEvent::ChildParserModuleEvaluationRejected {
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ impl JsContextHost {
                 realm_id,
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             },
         );
     }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/mod.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/mod.rs
index e4602fc307..015d4167c4 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/mod.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/native_bridge/context_host/mod.rs
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ use crate::{
             InFlightWorkerSubresourceFetchState, MessagePortId, NetworkBodySourceId,
             PendingSubresourceAuthState, PendingSubresourceFetchState,
             PendingSubresourceResponseState, PendingWebSocketResponseState,
-            RunningSubresourceFetchState, ScriptErrorConstructorKind, ScriptNetworkOutputItem,
-            StreamingSubresourceFetchState, SubresourceResourceType,
+            RunningSubresourceFetchState, ScriptNetworkOutputItem, StreamingSubresourceFetchState,
+            SubresourceResourceType,
         },
         util::{
             string_from_utf16_units_lossy, utf16_units, utf16_units_contain_unpaired_surrogate,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/module_reaction.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/module_reaction.rs
index 3a7f3ce4e5..6e2faec4d5 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/module_reaction.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/module_reaction.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     module_runtime::DynamicModuleImportOwner,
     resource_ready::{ReadyPageTask, RendererPageTaskReadyMetadata},
     runtime::{PageOwnerTurnOutcome, RendererDocumentToken},
-    types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind,
+    types::ScriptErrorValue,
 };
 
 use super::{RendererOwnerWakeSender, RendererOwnerWakeSource, RendererPageTaskReadySignal};
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub(crate) enum RendererPageModuleReactionEvent {
         document_owner: FrameDocumentTaskOwner,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     },
     ChildParserModuleEvaluationFulfilled {
         document_owner: FrameDocumentTaskOwner,
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) enum RendererPageModuleReactionEvent {
         realm_id: FrameRealmId,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     },
     DynamicModuleEvaluationFulfilled {
         import_owner: DynamicModuleImportOwner,
@@ -120,17 +120,17 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RendererPageModuleReactionEvent {
         match self {
             Self::DocumentModuleScriptEvaluationRejected {
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
             }
             | Self::ChildParserModuleEvaluationRejected {
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
             } => {
                 debug
                     .field("reason", reason)
-                    .field("error_constructor", error_constructor);
+                    .field("error_value", error_value);
             }
             Self::DynamicModuleEvaluationRejected { .. } => {
                 debug.field("reason", &"<v8::Global<Value>>");
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/tasks.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/tasks.rs
index cf30416944..a8b47dfb96 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/tasks.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/page_task_queue/tasks.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     host::ScriptEventTask,
     planning::PreparedScript,
     stylesheet_blocking::DocumentOwnedBlockingStylesheetDiscoveryInput,
-    types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind,
+    types::ScriptErrorValue,
     types::ScriptRun,
 };
 use url::Url;
@@ -70,23 +70,23 @@ pub(crate) enum PageOwnedInternalLoadingTaskEffect {
 pub(crate) struct WindowScriptFailureReportTask {
     pub(crate) message: String,
     pub(crate) filename: Option<String>,
-    pub(crate) error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+    pub(crate) error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
 }
 
 impl WindowScriptFailureReportTask {
     pub(crate) fn new(message: impl Into<String>, filename: Option<String>) -> Self {
-        Self::new_with_error_constructor(message, filename, None)
+        Self::new_with_error_value(message, filename, None)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn new_with_error_constructor(
+    pub(crate) fn new_with_error_value(
         message: impl Into<String>,
         filename: Option<String>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             message: message.into(),
             filename,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/parser_module_evaluation.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/parser_module_evaluation.rs
index 63efffa21a..cc09ab95c8 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/parser_module_evaluation.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/parser_module_evaluation.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::document_script_scheduler::{
 use crate::document_task_lane::DocumentTaskQueue;
 use crate::module_runtime::ModuleEntryId;
 use crate::module_script_continuation::ModuleScriptEvaluationReactionState;
-use crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind;
+use crate::types::ScriptErrorValue;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct ParserModuleEvaluationContinuation<Work> {
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl<Work> ParserModuleEvaluationStore<Work> {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Option<ModuleEntryId> {
         let evaluation = self
             .evaluations
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl<Work> ParserModuleEvaluationStore<Work> {
             .find(|evaluation| evaluation.reaction_id == reaction_id)?;
         evaluation.reaction_state = ModuleScriptEvaluationReactionState::Rejected {
             reason,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         };
         Some(evaluation.root_entry)
     }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/mod.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/mod.rs
index a8191f9fd2..bfbadfb76b 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/mod.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/mod.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use crate::script_vm::{
     PostParseLifecycleAdvance, PostParsePageOwnedTask, RendererDocumentIsolateHandle,
 };
 use crate::script_vm::{PreparedScriptExecutionOutcome, RendererDocumentIsolateBootstrap};
-use crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind;
+use crate::types::ScriptErrorValue;
 use crate::types::ScriptSkipReason;
 use moli_page_types::{
     ContentSecurityPolicyIssueSnapshot, ContentSecurityPolicyViolationType, InspectorIssueSnapshot,
@@ -424,14 +424,8 @@ fn wrap_native_esm_module_load_error(
     prefix: &str,
     error: crate::module_runtime::ModuleLoadError,
 ) -> crate::module_runtime::ModuleLoadError {
-    let wrapped = crate::module_runtime::ModuleLoadError::new(
-        error.stage(),
-        format!("{prefix}: {}", error.message()),
-    );
-    match error.error_constructor() {
-        Some(error_constructor) => wrapped.with_error_constructor(error_constructor),
-        None => wrapped,
-    }
+    let message = format!("{prefix}: {}", error.message());
+    error.with_message(message)
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -484,7 +478,7 @@ enum PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification {
     Typed {
         dynamic_kind: crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     },
 }
 
@@ -501,7 +495,7 @@ impl PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification {
                         script, stage,
                     ),
                 module_failure_policy: error.module_failure_policy(),
-                error_constructor: error.error_constructor(),
+                error_value: error.error_value(),
             },
         )
     }
@@ -517,7 +511,7 @@ impl PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification {
                 error.stage(),
             ),
             module_failure_policy: Some(module_failure_policy),
-            error_constructor: error.error_constructor(),
+            error_value: error.error_value(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -595,14 +589,14 @@ fn complete_prepared_script_execution_failure(
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                 dynamic_kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             } => vm.finish_runtime_owned_script_failure_with_kind(
                 dynamic_script_owner_id,
                 &script,
                 &error,
                 dynamic_kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             ),
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => {
                 vm.finish_runtime_owned_script_failure(dynamic_script_owner_id, &script, &error);
@@ -614,34 +608,34 @@ fn complete_prepared_script_execution_failure(
             Some(script.url.as_str()),
         );
     } else if vm.parser_owned_module_reports_failure_immediately(&script) {
-        let (module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = match failure_classification {
+        let (module_failure_policy, error_value) = match failure_classification {
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
-            } => (module_failure_policy, error_constructor),
+            } => (module_failure_policy, error_value),
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => (None, None),
         };
         vm.dispatch_parser_owned_module_failure_and_finish_settlement_best_effort(
             &script,
             &error,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
     } else {
-        let (module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = match failure_classification {
+        let (module_failure_policy, error_value) = match failure_classification {
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
-            } => (module_failure_policy, error_constructor),
+            } => (module_failure_policy, error_value),
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => (None, None),
         };
         vm.enqueue_script_failure_lifecycle_work_best_effort(
             &script,
             &error,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
     }
     complete_prepared_script_execution_failure_report(script, error)
@@ -657,13 +651,12 @@ fn complete_page_owned_prepared_script_execution_failure_body(
     prepared_script_activity: crate::script_vm::PreparedScriptBodyActivity,
 ) -> PageOwnedScriptExecutionOutcome {
     let terminal_activity = if completion_owner.is_runtime_owned() {
-        let (dynamic_kind, module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = match failure_classification
-        {
+        let (dynamic_kind, module_failure_policy, error_value) = match failure_classification {
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                 dynamic_kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
-            } => (dynamic_kind, module_failure_policy, error_constructor),
+                error_value,
+            } => (dynamic_kind, module_failure_policy, error_value),
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => (
                 crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptOwner::legacy_message_failure_kind(
                     &script, &error,
@@ -678,40 +671,40 @@ fn complete_page_owned_prepared_script_execution_failure_body(
             &error,
             dynamic_kind,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         )
     } else if vm.parser_owned_inline_importmap_reports_window_error_immediately(&script) {
         vm.report_window_error_body_best_effort(&error, Some(script.url.as_str()), None);
         crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::EventDispatchAttempted
     } else if vm.parser_owned_module_reports_failure_immediately(&script) {
-        let (module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = match failure_classification {
+        let (module_failure_policy, error_value) = match failure_classification {
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
-            } => (module_failure_policy, error_constructor),
+            } => (module_failure_policy, error_value),
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => (None, None),
         };
         vm.dispatch_current_prepared_script_error_body_best_effort(
             &script,
             &error,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         )
     } else {
-        let (module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = match failure_classification {
+        let (module_failure_policy, error_value) = match failure_classification {
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
-            } => (module_failure_policy, error_constructor),
+            } => (module_failure_policy, error_value),
             PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => (None, None),
         };
         vm.enqueue_script_failure_lifecycle_work_best_effort(
             &script,
             &error,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
         crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::NoEventDispatch
     };
@@ -800,13 +793,13 @@ async fn execute_prepared_script_on_script_execution_lane(
             let failure_classification =
                 PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::from_prepared_script_error(&script, &error);
             if let Some(claim) = runtime_script_claim.take() {
-                let (module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = match failure_classification {
+                let (module_failure_policy, error_value) = match failure_classification {
                     PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::LegacyMessageText => (None, None),
                     PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                         module_failure_policy,
-                        error_constructor,
+                        error_value,
                         ..
-                    } => (module_failure_policy, error_constructor),
+                    } => (module_failure_policy, error_value),
                 };
                 let message = error.into_message();
                 let terminal_activity = vm.finish_claimed_runtime_owned_script_failure_body(
@@ -814,7 +807,7 @@ async fn execute_prepared_script_on_script_execution_lane(
                     &script,
                     &message,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
                 return complete_prepared_script_execution_failure_report_with_activity(
                     script,
@@ -2563,7 +2556,7 @@ impl PageVm {
                 PageOwnedScriptFailureClassification::Typed {
                     dynamic_kind,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 },
             ) if dynamic_kind.is_deferrable_module() => {
                 self.vm_mut()
@@ -2573,7 +2566,7 @@ impl PageVm {
                         message.clone(),
                         dynamic_kind,
                         module_failure_policy,
-                        error_constructor,
+                        error_value,
                     );
                 (
                     complete_prepared_script_execution_failure_report(
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/page_owned_document_script_hooks.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/page_owned_document_script_hooks.rs
index b3066d6acd..8577ad813d 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/page_owned_document_script_hooks.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/page_owned_document_script_hooks.rs
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ impl PageOwnedDocumentScriptHooks for MainPageOwnedDocumentScriptHooks<'_, '_> {
         failure: PageOwnedDocumentScriptSourceFailure,
         runtime_script_claim: Option<DynamicScriptPageTaskClaim>,
     ) -> PageOwnedDocumentScriptBodyExecution {
-        let (error, module_failure_policy, error_constructor) = failure.into_parts();
+        let (error, module_failure_policy, error_value) = failure.into_parts();
         if let Some(claim) = runtime_script_claim {
             let terminal_activity = self
                 .page_vm
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl PageOwnedDocumentScriptHooks for MainPageOwnedDocumentScriptHooks<'_, '_> {
                     &script,
                     &error,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
             return complete_prepared_script_execution_failure_report_with_activity(
                 script,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/parser_owned_module_completion.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/parser_owned_module_completion.rs
index 5aa7005471..a5fc28233d 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/parser_owned_module_completion.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/parser_owned_module_completion.rs
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ impl PageVm {
                 }
                 ModuleScriptEvaluationReactionState::Rejected {
                     reason,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 } => {
                     let message = format!(
                         "NativeEsmEvaluateFailed: native module graph evaluation rejected: {reason}"
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ impl PageVm {
                         self.vm_mut().report_window_error_body_best_effort(
                             &message,
                             Some(evaluation.script_continuation.script.url.as_str()),
-                            error_constructor,
+                            error_value,
                         );
                         MainParserContinuationTaskEffect::applied(
                             owner,
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ impl PageVm {
                             .report_module_tla_rejection_and_finish_reaction_best_effort(
                                 &message,
                                 Some(evaluation.script_continuation.script.url.as_str()),
-                                error_constructor,
+                                error_value,
                             );
                         MainParserContinuationTaskEffect::NotApplied
                     };
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ impl PageVm {
             }
             ModuleScriptEvaluationReactionState::Rejected {
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             } => Some(
                 self.complete_module_script_failure_for_terminal_disposition(
                     evaluation.script_continuation,
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ impl PageVm {
                         module_failure_policy: Some(
                             crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy::EvaluationFailure,
                         ),
-                        error_constructor,
+                        error_value,
                     },
                     PreparedScriptBodyActivity::NotEntered,
                     terminal_disposition,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/mod.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/mod.rs
index 7d4f8ac18e..4880a95d4f 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/mod.rs
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ mod main_runtime_script_completion;
 mod media_element_event;
 mod message_port_delivery;
 mod misc_platform_api;
+mod module_error_reporting;
 mod module_reaction;
 mod modulepreload_start_completion;
 mod navigation_api_task;
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/module_error_reporting.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/module_error_reporting.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49bdaddbf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/runtime/page_vm/tests/module_error_reporting.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+use super::*;
+
+fn bound_parser_module(page_vm: &mut PageVm, position: u32, url: Url) -> PreparedScript {
+    let mut script = prepared_external_module_for_page_vm_test_with_node(page_vm, position, url);
+    let runtime = &mut page_vm.vm_mut().document_runtime;
+    let body = runtime.snapshot_document().document_body_handle().unwrap();
+    let node = runtime
+        .dom_host_mut()
+        .create_parser_element_without_attributes(
+            "script".to_owned(),
+            "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml".to_owned(),
+            None,
+        );
+    assert!(runtime.dom_host_mut().append_child(body, node));
+    script.node_id = node;
+    script.host_script_handle = Some(runtime.bind_parser_owned_script_handle_for_node(node));
+    script
+}
+
+async fn assert_parser_module_reports_original_value(value: &str, reject_later: bool) {
+    let loader =
+        crate::network::ResourceRequestClient::new(&FetchConfig::default()).expect("loader");
+    let mut page_vm = test_page_vm_with_loader_and_document_url(
+        &loader,
+        Vec::new(),
+        Url::parse("https://example.com/module-reporting.html").unwrap(),
+    );
+    page_vm
+        .vm_mut()
+        .eval(&format!(
+            r#"
+        globalThis.__thrown = {value};
+        globalThis.__hadFileName = Object.hasOwn(Object(__thrown), 'fileName');
+        globalThis.__errors = [];
+        globalThis.__onerrors = [];
+        globalThis.__coercions = 0;
+        globalThis.__unhandled = 0;
+        globalThis.__loads = 0;
+        addEventListener('unhandledrejection', event => {{
+            ++__unhandled;
+            event.preventDefault();
+        }});
+        addEventListener('error', event => {{
+            __errors.push(event.error);
+            event.preventDefault();
+        }});
+        onerror = (message, filename, line, column, error) => {{
+            __onerrors.push(error);
+            return true;
+        }};
+        "#,
+        ))
+        .expect("install original exception and both observers");
+    let module_url = Url::parse("https://example.com/report-original.mjs").unwrap();
+    let script = bound_parser_module(&mut page_vm, 9101, module_url.clone());
+    page_vm
+        .vm_mut()
+        .eval("document.querySelector('script').addEventListener('load', () => ++__loads);")
+        .unwrap();
+    let work = install_parser_module_defer_work(&mut page_vm, script);
+    page_vm
+        .execute_post_parse_page_owned_task_on_named_owner_lane(&loader, work)
+        .await
+        .expect("module waits for its graph");
+    let source = if reject_later {
+        "await new Promise((_, reject) => { globalThis.__rejectModule = reject; });"
+    } else {
+        "throw globalThis.__thrown;"
+    };
+    enqueue_parser_owned_module_script_fetch_completion_for_test(
+        &mut page_vm,
+        0,
+        &module_url,
+        source,
+    );
+    assert!(
+        run_next_main_module_fetch_terminal_for_test(&mut page_vm)
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_some()
+    );
+    run_ready_parser_deferred_body_for_test(&mut page_vm, &loader, "original module exception")
+        .await;
+    if reject_later {
+        assert_eq!(page_vm.vm_mut().eval("__errors.length").unwrap(), "0");
+        page_vm
+            .vm_mut()
+            .eval("__rejectModule(__thrown); 'rejected'")
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+    run_parser_module_completion_turns_for_test(
+        &mut page_vm,
+        &loader,
+        usize::from(reject_later),
+        "original module exception",
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(
+        page_vm.vm_mut().eval(
+            "JSON.stringify([__errors.length, __onerrors.length, Object.is(__errors[0], __thrown), Object.is(__onerrors[0], __thrown), __coercions, Object.hasOwn(Object(__thrown), 'fileName') === __hadFileName])"
+        ).unwrap(),
+        "[1,1,true,true,0,true]",
+        "module error reporting must preserve {value}, reject_later={reject_later}",
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        page_vm
+            .vm_mut()
+            .eval("[__loads, __unhandled].join('|')")
+            .unwrap(),
+        "1|0",
+        "module scripts must load once without leaking their internal rejection"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        page_vm
+            .report
+            .runs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|run| run.url() == &module_url)
+            .count(),
+        1,
+        "reporting must not complete a module script twice",
+    );
+}
+
+const THROWN_VALUES: &[&str] = &[
+    "Object.freeze({ marker: 42 })",
+    "Object.freeze(new TypeError('original'))",
+    "undefined",
+    "null",
+    "false",
+    "-0",
+    "NaN",
+    "17n",
+    "Symbol('original')",
+    "'original string'",
+    "({ toString() { ++__coercions; throw new Error('must not coerce'); } })",
+    "({ get fileName() { ++__coercions; throw new Error('must not read'); }, set fileName(value) { ++__coercions; throw new Error('must not write'); } })",
+];
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+async fn parser_module_error_reporting_preserves_synchronous_thrown_values() {
+    run_page_vm_async_test(async {
+        for value in THROWN_VALUES {
+            assert_parser_module_reports_original_value(value, false).await;
+        }
+    })
+    .await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+async fn parser_module_error_reporting_preserves_deferred_rejection_values() {
+    run_page_vm_async_test(async {
+        for value in THROWN_VALUES {
+            assert_parser_module_reports_original_value(value, true).await;
+        }
+    })
+    .await;
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
+async fn parser_module_error_reporting_reuses_the_cached_parse_exception() {
+    run_page_vm_async_test(async {
+        let loader = crate::network::ResourceRequestClient::new(&FetchConfig::default()).unwrap();
+        let mut page_vm = test_page_vm_with_loader_and_document_url(
+            &loader, Vec::new(), Url::parse("https://example.com/parse-error.html").unwrap(),
+        );
+        page_vm.vm_mut().eval(r#"
+            globalThis.__errors = [];
+            addEventListener('error', event => {
+                __errors.push(event.error);
+                event.preventDefault();
+            });
+        "#).unwrap();
+        let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/shared-syntax-error.mjs").unwrap();
+        let owner = page_vm.vm().current_main_document_task_owner().unwrap();
+        for position in [9101, 9102] {
+            let script = bound_parser_module(&mut page_vm, position, url.clone());
+            assert!(page_vm.vm_mut().claim_main_parser_deferred_script(
+                owner, script, None, None, Default::default(),
+            ).unwrap());
+        }
+        let work = page_vm.seal_main_parser_deferred_scripts(owner).unwrap();
+        page_vm.execute_post_parse_page_owned_task_on_named_owner_lane(&loader, work).await.unwrap();
+        enqueue_parser_owned_module_script_fetch_completion_for_test(
+            &mut page_vm, 0, &url, "export const broken = ;",
+        );
+        run_next_main_module_fetch_terminal_for_test(&mut page_vm).unwrap();
+        while page_vm.vm_mut().has_ready_native_module_owner_actions() {
+            run_next_native_module_owner_event_for_test(&mut page_vm, &loader, "shared syntax error").await;
+        }
+        for _ in 0..2 {
+            run_ready_parser_deferred_body_for_test(&mut page_vm, &loader, "shared syntax error").await;
+        }
+        assert_eq!(page_vm.vm_mut().eval(
+            "[__errors.length, __errors[0] instanceof SyntaxError, __errors[0] === __errors[1]].join('|')",
+        ).unwrap(), "2|true|true");
+    }).await;
+}
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/child_document_script_scheduler.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/child_document_script_scheduler.rs
index d71e79b45b..f35cbe8855 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/child_document_script_scheduler.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/child_document_script_scheduler.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
         FrameDocumentModuleScriptGraphNotification, FrameDocumentModuleScriptTerminalFollowup,
     },
     module_runtime::ModuleEntryId,
-    types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind,
+    types::ScriptErrorValue,
 };
 
 pub(super) struct ChildDocumentScriptSchedulerOwner<'vm> {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ impl<'vm> ChildDocumentScriptSchedulerOwner<'vm> {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> usize {
         let mut host = self.vm._context_host.borrow_mut();
         let queued_ready_action_count = host
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl<'vm> ChildDocumentScriptSchedulerOwner<'vm> {
             .mark_parser_module_evaluation_rejected(
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 |evaluation| evaluation,
             )
             .map(|update| update.queued_ready_action_count())
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/eval_exec.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/eval_exec.rs
index 18f086bccb..626de4ad33 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/eval_exec.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/eval_exec.rs
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                                         )
                                     },
                                 );
-                                let error_constructor = error.error_constructor();
+                                let error_value = error.error_value();
                                 let error = error.into_message();
                                 if failure_kind
                                     == crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind::Immediate
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                                         self.apply_runtime_script_failure_terminal(&script,
                                             &error,
                                             module_failure_policy,
-                                            error_constructor,
+                                            error_value,
                                             lease,
                                         );
                                     }
@@ -1059,13 +1059,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                                     self.document_runtime
                                         .runtime_script_work_mut()
                                         .dynamic_scripts
-                                        .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+                                        .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
                                             id,
                                             &script,
                                             error,
                                             failure_kind,
                                             module_failure_policy,
-                                            error_constructor,
+                                            error_value,
                                         );
                                 }
                                 processed_runnable_this_turn = true;
@@ -1093,20 +1093,20 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         kind,
                         module_failure_policy,
                         source_network_result,
-                        error_constructor,
+                        error_value,
                     } => {
                         if yield_after_one_runnable && processed_runnable_this_turn {
                             self.document_runtime
                                 .runtime_script_work_mut()
                                 .dynamic_scripts
-                                .requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_constructor(
+                                .requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_value(
                                     id,
                                     script,
                                     message,
                                     kind,
                                     module_failure_policy,
                                     source_network_result,
-                                    error_constructor,
+                                    error_value,
                                 );
                             return Ok(RuntimePendingWorkFlushOutcome::Complete);
                         }
@@ -1121,14 +1121,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                             self.document_runtime
                                 .runtime_script_work_mut()
                                 .dynamic_scripts
-                                .requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_constructor(
+                                .requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_value(
                                     id,
                                     script,
                                     message,
                                     kind,
                                     module_failure_policy,
                                     source_network_result,
-                                    error_constructor,
+                                    error_value,
                                 );
                             return Ok(RuntimePendingWorkFlushOutcome::Complete);
                         }
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                                 &script,
                                 &message,
                                 module_failure_policy,
-                                error_constructor,
+                                error_value,
                                 lease,
                             );
                         }
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             self.document_runtime
                 .runtime_script_work_mut()
                 .dynamic_scripts
-                .requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_constructor(
+                .requeue_failed_script_front_with_error_value(
                     owner_id,
                     continuation.script,
                     error.message().to_owned(),
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         &error,
                     )),
                     None,
-                    error.error_constructor(),
+                    error.error_value(),
                 );
         }
     }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/input_helpers.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/input_helpers.rs
index def624b8e2..0575eb7188 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/input_helpers.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/input_helpers.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::ScriptVm;
 use crate::document_runtime::DomHandle;
 use crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy;
 use crate::module_runtime::{ModuleGraphHandle, ModuleLoadError, ModuleLoadStage};
-use crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind;
+use crate::types::ScriptErrorValue;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) struct PendingMousePress {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub(crate) struct PreparedScriptExecutionError {
     message: String,
     module_load_stage: Option<ModuleLoadStage>,
     module_failure_policy: Option<ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-    error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+    error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     body_activity: PreparedScriptBodyActivity,
 }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl PreparedScriptExecutionError {
             message: message.into(),
             module_load_stage: None,
             module_failure_policy: None,
-            error_constructor: None,
+            error_value: None,
             body_activity: PreparedScriptBodyActivity::NotEntered,
         }
     }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ impl PreparedScriptExecutionError {
             message: message.into(),
             module_load_stage: None,
             module_failure_policy: None,
-            error_constructor: None,
+            error_value: None,
             body_activity: PreparedScriptBodyActivity::Entered,
         }
     }
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl PreparedScriptExecutionError {
             message: error.message().to_owned(),
             module_load_stage: Some(error.stage()),
             module_failure_policy: Some(module_failure_policy),
-            error_constructor: error.error_constructor(),
+            error_value: error.error_value(),
             body_activity: PreparedScriptBodyActivity::NotEntered,
         }
     }
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl PreparedScriptExecutionError {
             message: message.into(),
             module_load_stage: Some(ModuleLoadStage::Fetch),
             module_failure_policy: Some(ModuleFailurePolicy::TopLevelLoadFailure),
-            error_constructor: None,
+            error_value: None,
             body_activity: PreparedScriptBodyActivity::NotEntered,
         }
     }
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ impl PreparedScriptExecutionError {
         self.module_failure_policy
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn error_constructor(&self) -> Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind> {
-        self.error_constructor
+    pub(crate) fn error_value(&self) -> Option<ScriptErrorValue> {
+        self.error_value
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn body_activity(&self) -> PreparedScriptBodyActivity {
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/main_document_post_parse_body.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/main_document_post_parse_body.rs
index 67cb173689..414bcaade4 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/main_document_post_parse_body.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/main_document_post_parse_body.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 let settlement = match self.report_window_error_body(
                     &task.message,
                     task.filename.as_deref(),
-                    task.error_constructor,
+                    task.error_value,
                 ) {
                     Ok(()) => MainDocumentPostParseCallbackSettlement::Completed,
                     Err(error) => {
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module.rs
index 3681ce8aed..cc14806c3c 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module.rs
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ use crate::page_task_queue::{
 };
 use crate::planning::PreparedScript;
 use crate::types::{
-    ChildDynamicImportFetchCompletion, ScriptErrorConstructorKind, SubresourceRequestInitiatorType,
-    SubresourceResourceType,
+    ChildDynamicImportFetchCompletion, ScriptErrorConstructorKind, ScriptErrorValue,
+    SubresourceRequestInitiatorType, SubresourceResourceType,
 };
 #[cfg(test)]
 use crate::types::{
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ mod child_ready_document_script;
 mod dynamic_import_selected_task_body;
 mod load_error;
 mod main_selected_task;
+pub(super) use load_error::retained_module_exception;
 use load_error::{module_load_error_value, retain_module_exception};
 pub(crate) use main_selected_task::{
     MainDynamicImportGraphFetchBodySettlement, MainNativeModuleSelectedTaskApplication,
@@ -2634,7 +2635,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Option<DocumentModuleReactionUpdate> {
         let parser_update = self
             .document_runtime
@@ -2642,7 +2643,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             .mark_parser_module_evaluation_rejected(
                 reaction_id,
                 reason.clone(),
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 parser_module_evaluation_continuation_into_ready_action,
             )
             .map(DocumentModuleReactionUpdate::ParserOwned);
@@ -2650,7 +2651,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             self.mark_runtime_owned_module_script_evaluation_rejected(
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             )
             .map(DocumentModuleReactionUpdate::RuntimeOwned)
         })
@@ -3775,6 +3776,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                // Script-element evaluation consumes rejection itself, either
+                // below or through its retained TLA continuation. Claim that
+                // responsibility before cleanup can notify rejected promises.
+                // Dynamic import returned above and owns its own reaction.
+                if let Some(promise) = promise {
+                    promise.mark_as_handled();
+                }
                 if let Err(error) = Self::perform_microtask_checkpoints(&mut scope, None) {
                     return Ok(Err(ModuleLoadError::new(
                         ModuleLoadStage::Evaluate,
@@ -4185,14 +4193,10 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             RendererPageModuleReactionEvent::DocumentModuleScriptEvaluationRejected {
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
             } => self
-                .apply_native_module_script_evaluation_rejected(
-                    reaction_id,
-                    reason,
-                    error_constructor,
-                )
+                .apply_native_module_script_evaluation_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_value)
                 .map(PageModuleReactionApplication::module_state_updated),
             RendererPageModuleReactionEvent::ChildParserModuleEvaluationFulfilled {
                 reaction_id,
@@ -4205,12 +4209,12 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             RendererPageModuleReactionEvent::ChildParserModuleEvaluationRejected {
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
             } => (self.apply_child_parser_module_evaluation_rejected(
                 reaction_id,
                 reason,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             ) > 0)
                 .then_some(PageModuleReactionApplication::module_state_updated(
                     PageModuleReactionFollowup::None,
@@ -4351,12 +4355,12 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Option<PageModuleReactionFollowup> {
         let update = self.mark_module_evaluation_reaction_rejected_for_owner(
             reaction_id,
             reason,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         )?;
         Some(match update {
             DocumentModuleReactionUpdate::ParserOwned(update) => {
@@ -4498,17 +4502,12 @@ fn native_module_script_reaction_rejected_callback<'s>(
     let Some(host_ptr) = context_host_ptr_from_global_bridge(scope) else {
         return;
     };
-    let reason = args.get(0);
-    let error_constructor = script_error_constructor_kind_from_value(scope, reason);
-    let reason = reason
-        .to_string(scope)
-        .map(|value| value.to_rust_string_lossy(scope))
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| "unknown promise rejection".to_owned());
+    let error = native_module_evaluation_exception_error(scope, args.get(0), "");
     unsafe { &mut *host_ptr }.queue_document_module_script_evaluation_rejected(
         document_owner,
         reaction_id,
-        reason,
-        error_constructor,
+        error.message().to_owned(),
+        error.error_value(),
     );
 }
 
@@ -4545,18 +4544,13 @@ fn child_parser_module_reaction_rejected_callback<'s>(
     let Some(host_ptr) = context_host_ptr_from_global_bridge(scope) else {
         return;
     };
-    let reason = args.get(0);
-    let error_constructor = script_error_constructor_kind_from_value(scope, reason);
-    let reason = reason
-        .to_string(scope)
-        .map(|value| value.to_rust_string_lossy(scope))
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| "unknown promise rejection".to_owned());
+    let error = native_module_evaluation_exception_error(scope, args.get(0), "");
     unsafe { &mut *host_ptr }.queue_child_parser_module_script_evaluation_rejected(
         document_owner,
         realm_id,
         reaction_id,
-        reason,
-        error_constructor,
+        error.message().to_owned(),
+        error.error_value(),
     );
 }
 
@@ -4866,11 +4860,26 @@ fn native_module_evaluation_exception_error(
     exception: v8::Local<'_, v8::Value>,
     prefix: &str,
 ) -> ModuleLoadError {
-    let message = exception
-        .to_string(scope)
-        .map(|message| message.to_rust_string_lossy(scope))
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| "unknown module evaluation exception".to_owned());
-    let error = ModuleLoadError::new(ModuleLoadStage::Evaluate, format!("{prefix}: {message}"));
+    let id = match retain_module_exception(scope, exception) {
+        Ok(id) => id,
+        Err(error) => {
+            return ModuleLoadError::new(
+                ModuleLoadStage::Evaluate,
+                format!("failed to retain module evaluation exception: {error}"),
+            );
+        }
+    };
+    // V8's internal diagnostic does not invoke author-defined toString or
+    // location getters. The diagnostic text never substitutes for the value.
+    let message = v8::Exception::create_message(scope, exception)
+        .get(scope)
+        .to_rust_string_lossy(scope);
+    let message = if prefix.is_empty() {
+        message
+    } else {
+        format!("{prefix}: {message}")
+    };
+    let error = ModuleLoadError::new(ModuleLoadStage::Evaluate, message).with_exception_id(id);
     match script_error_constructor_kind_from_value(scope, exception) {
         Some(error_constructor) => error.with_error_constructor(error_constructor),
         None => error,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_dynamic_import.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_dynamic_import.rs
index 6b9b0038c0..2abfaceff5 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_dynamic_import.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_dynamic_import.rs
@@ -1084,6 +1084,12 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                // Child script elements own their evaluation rejection, just
+                // like main-document scripts. Do not publish the internal
+                // evaluation promise as an unhandled author promise.
+                if let Some(promise) = promise {
+                    promise.mark_as_handled();
+                }
                 if let Err(error) = Self::perform_microtask_checkpoints(&mut scope, None) {
                     return Ok(Err(ModuleLoadError::new(
                         ModuleLoadStage::Evaluate,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_parser_module/mod.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_parser_module/mod.rs
index 050ba5ee60..cee51f252e 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_parser_module/mod.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/child_parser_module/mod.rs
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> usize {
         super::super::child_document_script_scheduler::ChildDocumentScriptSchedulerOwner::new(self)
-            .mark_parser_module_evaluation_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_constructor)
+            .mark_parser_module_evaluation_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_value)
     }
 }
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/load_error.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/load_error.rs
index 041d9636cd..fa863f7669 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/load_error.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/native_module/load_error.rs
@@ -46,20 +46,7 @@ pub(super) fn module_load_error_value<'s>(
     error: &ModuleLoadError,
 ) -> Result<v8::Local<'s, v8::Value>> {
     if let Some(id) = error.exception_id() {
-        let global = scope.get_current_context().global(scope);
-        let map = get_private_value(scope, global, MODULE_EXCEPTIONS_SLOT)
-            .and_then(|value| v8::Local::<v8::Map>::try_from(value).ok())
-            .ok_or_else(|| {
-                anyhow::anyhow!("module exception registry missing from request realm")
-            })?;
-        let key = v8::BigInt::new_from_u64(scope, id.0);
-        anyhow::ensure!(
-            map.has(scope, key.into()) == Some(true),
-            "module exception {id:?} does not belong to request realm"
-        );
-        return map
-            .get(scope, key.into())
-            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to read retained module exception"));
+        return retained_module_exception(scope, id);
     }
     let message = v8_string(scope, error.message())
         .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to allocate module error message"))?;
@@ -73,6 +60,23 @@ pub(super) fn module_load_error_value<'s>(
     .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to create module error"))
 }
 
+pub(in crate::script_vm) fn retained_module_exception<'s>(
+    scope: &mut v8::PinScope<'s, '_>,
+    id: ModuleExceptionId,
+) -> Result<v8::Local<'s, v8::Value>> {
+    let global = scope.get_current_context().global(scope);
+    let map = get_private_value(scope, global, MODULE_EXCEPTIONS_SLOT)
+        .and_then(|value| v8::Local::<v8::Map>::try_from(value).ok())
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("module exception registry missing from request realm"))?;
+    let key = v8::BigInt::new_from_u64(scope, id.0);
+    anyhow::ensure!(
+        map.has(scope, key.into()) == Some(true),
+        "module exception {id:?} does not belong to request realm"
+    );
+    map.get(scope, key.into())
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("failed to read retained module exception"))
+}
+
 impl ScriptVm {
     pub(crate) fn preserve_native_module_load_error(
         &mut self,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/page_task_enqueue.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/page_task_enqueue.rs
index 7b542c745f..6a350a9527 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/page_task_enqueue.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/page_task_enqueue.rs
@@ -640,13 +640,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Result<FollowupPageTaskDisposition> {
         self.enqueue_script_failure_lifecycle_work_with_load_delay_binding(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             None,
         )
     }
@@ -656,14 +656,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
         load_delay_binding: Option<MainDocumentScriptLoadDelayLease>,
     ) -> Result<FollowupPageTaskDisposition> {
         let mut planned_failure_work = self.document_runtime.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
         if let Some(binding) = load_delay_binding {
             planned_failure_work.push(PostParseLifecycleWork::SettleMainDocumentScriptLoadDelay(
@@ -681,13 +681,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         match self.enqueue_script_failure_lifecycle_work_for_prepared_script(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         ) {
             Ok(FollowupPageTaskDisposition::Skipped) => {}
             Ok(FollowupPageTaskDisposition::Deferred | FollowupPageTaskDisposition::Enqueued) => {}
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/post_parse_lifecycle.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/post_parse_lifecycle.rs
index f4ad609271..a2ce28cec3 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/post_parse_lifecycle.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/post_parse_lifecycle.rs
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 message,
                 module_failure_policy,
                 source_network_result,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
                 ..
             }) if self.prepared_script_uses_runtime_owned_page_task_execution(&script) => {
                 self.record_runtime_warning(format_args!(
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         failure: crate::document_script_scheduler::PageOwnedDocumentScriptSourceFailure::runtime_terminal(
                             message,
                             module_failure_policy,
-                            error_constructor,
+                            error_value,
                         ),
                         source_network_result,
                         runtime_script_claim: Some(runtime_script_claim),
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
                 source_network_result,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             }) => {
                 let _ = (
                     id,
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     kind,
                     module_failure_policy,
                     source_network_result,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
                 panic!(
                     "production DynamicScriptOwner failures must carry runtime-owned Page execution identity: {}",
@@ -552,12 +552,12 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         reaction_id: u64,
         reason: String,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Option<ModuleScriptEvaluationUpdate> {
         self.document_runtime
             .runtime_script_work_mut()
             .dynamic_scripts
-            .mark_module_script_evaluation_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_constructor)
+            .mark_module_script_evaluation_rejected(reaction_id, reason, error_value)
     }
 
     #[cfg(test)]
@@ -1181,14 +1181,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity {
         let (dynamic_script_owner_id, lease) = claim.into_parts();
         let settlement = self.apply_runtime_script_failure_terminal_body(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             lease,
         );
         debug!(
@@ -1232,14 +1232,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
         lease: MainDocumentScriptLoadDelayLease,
     ) {
         let work = self.document_runtime.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
         for terminal in work {
             match terminal {
@@ -1283,14 +1283,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
         lease: MainDocumentScriptLoadDelayLease,
     ) -> RuntimeScriptFailureTerminalBodySettlement {
         let work = self.document_runtime.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
         let mut activity = crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::NoEventDispatch;
         for terminal in work {
@@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     self.report_window_error_body_best_effort(
                         &task.message,
                         task.filename.as_deref(),
-                        task.error_constructor,
+                        task.error_value,
                     );
                     activity = crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::EventDispatchAttempted;
                 }
@@ -1435,7 +1435,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         message: &str,
         kind: crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity {
         if let Some(id) = dynamic_script_owner_id {
             if kind == crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind::Immediate {
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         script,
                         message,
                         module_failure_policy,
-                        error_constructor,
+                        error_value,
                         lease,
                     )
                     .activity;
@@ -1462,13 +1462,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             self.document_runtime
                 .runtime_script_work_mut()
                 .dynamic_scripts
-                .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+                .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
                     id,
                     script,
                     message.to_owned(),
                     kind,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
             self.enqueue_immediate_runtime_script_work_if_needed();
             return crate::script_vm::ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::NoEventDispatch;
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     script,
                     message,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
                 self.enqueue_immediate_runtime_script_work_if_needed();
                 return activity;
@@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 script,
                 message,
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             ) {
                 Ok(FollowupPageTaskDisposition::Skipped) => {}
                 Ok(
@@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         message: String,
         kind: crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         debug_assert!(
             kind.is_deferrable_module(),
@@ -1540,13 +1540,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         self.document_runtime
             .runtime_script_work_mut()
             .dynamic_scripts
-            .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+            .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
                 dynamic_script_owner_id,
                 script,
                 message,
                 kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             );
     }
 
@@ -1604,14 +1604,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
                 source_network_result: _,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             } = terminal;
             if let Some(lease) = lease {
                 self.apply_runtime_script_failure_terminal(
                     &script,
                     &message,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                     lease,
                 );
             }
@@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 kind,
                 module_failure_policy,
                 source_network_result: _,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             } = terminal;
             if let Some(lease) = lease {
                 let lease_owner = lease.owner();
@@ -1656,7 +1656,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     &script,
                     &message,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                     lease,
                 );
                 if terminal.activity
@@ -1695,7 +1695,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         message: &str,
         kind: crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         if let Some(id) = dynamic_script_owner_id {
             if kind == crate::dynamic_script_owner::DynamicScriptFailureKind::Immediate {
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                         script,
                         message,
                         module_failure_policy,
-                        error_constructor,
+                        error_value,
                         lease,
                     );
                 }
@@ -1720,13 +1720,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
             self.document_runtime
                 .runtime_script_work_mut()
                 .dynamic_scripts
-                .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_constructor(
+                .note_script_failed_with_kind_and_error_value(
                     id,
                     script,
                     message.to_owned(),
                     kind,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
             debug!(
                 dynamic_script_owner_id = ?id,
@@ -1746,7 +1746,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     script,
                     message,
                     module_failure_policy,
-                    error_constructor,
+                    error_value,
                 );
                 self.enqueue_immediate_runtime_script_work_if_needed();
                 return;
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 script,
                 message,
                 module_failure_policy,
-                error_constructor,
+                error_value,
             ) {
                 Ok(FollowupPageTaskDisposition::Skipped) => {}
                 Ok(
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/runtime_bindings.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/runtime_bindings.rs
index c28d77c91b..dc065d4c95 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/runtime_bindings.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/runtime_bindings.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,12 @@ pub(super) fn flush_pending_promise_rejections(scope: &mut v8::PinScope<'_, '_>)
             .realm
             .with_current_scope(scope, host_ptr, |scope, dispatch_scope| {
                 let promise = v8::Local::new(scope, &rejection.promise);
+                // HTML rechecks PromiseIsHandled immediately before notifying.
+                // The host, or an earlier notification in this detached batch,
+                // may have handled it since it was first queued.
+                if promise.has_handler() {
+                    return;
+                }
                 let reason = rejection
                     .reason
                     .as_ref()
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_event_body.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_event_body.rs
index 34d28ea97e..27850c702c 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_event_body.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_event_body.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use crate::context_bootstrap::{
 };
 use crate::host::ScriptEventTask;
 use crate::native_bridge::JsContextHost;
+use crate::types::ScriptErrorValue;
 use crate::util::{get_private_value, v8_string, v8str};
 
 impl ScriptVm {
@@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
-        if let Err(error) = self.report_window_error_body(message, filename, error_constructor) {
+        if let Err(error) = self.report_window_error_body(message, filename, error_value) {
             self.record_runtime_warning(format_args!(
                 "window script failure body dispatch failed for `{}`: {error}",
                 filename.unwrap_or("")
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let context_ptr: *const v8::Global<v8::Context> = &self.page_default_context;
         let context_host = self._context_host.clone();
@@ -78,13 +79,20 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                 let global = scope.get_current_context().global(scope);
                 let message_value = v8_string(scope, message)
                     .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("failed to allocate reportError message"))?;
-                let error_value = window_script_failure_error_value(
-                    scope,
-                    global,
-                    error_constructor,
-                    message_value,
-                );
-                if let Some(filename) = filename
+                let retained = matches!(error_value, Some(ScriptErrorValue::Retained(_)));
+                let error_value = match error_value {
+                    Some(ScriptErrorValue::Retained(id)) => {
+                        super::native_module::retained_module_exception(scope, id)?
+                    }
+                    Some(ScriptErrorValue::Constructor(kind)) => {
+                        window_script_failure_error_value(scope, global, Some(kind), message_value)
+                    }
+                    None => window_script_failure_error_value(scope, global, None, message_value),
+                };
+                // Location metadata belongs to the ErrorEvent. Never mutate
+                // the original exception (or invoke an author's setter).
+                if !retained
+                    && let Some(filename) = filename
                     && let Some(filename_value) = v8_string(scope, filename)
                     && let Ok(error_object) = v8::Local::<v8::Object>::try_from(error_value)
                 {
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_terminal_completion.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_terminal_completion.rs
index 0a5c3ae773..a865af0ebf 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_terminal_completion.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/script_terminal_completion.rs
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
         boundary: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.report_window_error_body(message, filename, error_constructor)?;
+        self.report_window_error_body(message, filename, error_value)?;
         self.perform_owner_lane_task_microtask_checkpoints()
             .with_context(|| format!("{boundary} checkpoint failed"))
     }
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
         boundary: &'static str,
     ) {
         let planned_failure_work = self.document_runtime.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
         for work in planned_failure_work {
             let result = match work {
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     .report_window_error_and_finish_synchronous_checkpoint(
                         &task.message,
                         task.filename.as_deref(),
-                        task.error_constructor,
+                        task.error_value,
                         boundary,
                     ),
                 _ => continue,
@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         self.dispatch_planned_script_failure_and_finish_each_synchronous_checkpoint(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             "parser-owned module failure settlement",
         );
     }
@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         self.dispatch_planned_script_failure_and_finish_each_synchronous_checkpoint(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             "unclaimed runtime-script terminal",
         );
     }
@@ -137,12 +137,12 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         if let Err(error) = self.report_window_error_and_finish_synchronous_checkpoint(
             message,
             filename,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             "module TLA rejection reaction",
         ) {
             self.record_runtime_warning(format_args!(
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         if let Err(error) = self.report_window_error_and_finish_synchronous_checkpoint(
             &task.message,
             task.filename.as_deref(),
-            task.error_constructor,
+            task.error_value,
             "runtime script failure terminal",
         ) {
             self.record_runtime_warning(format_args!(
@@ -195,13 +195,13 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         script: &PreparedScript,
         message: &str,
         module_failure_policy: Option<crate::host::ModuleFailurePolicy>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) -> ScriptTerminalBodyActivity {
         let planned_failure_work = self.document_runtime.plan_script_failure_lifecycle_work(
             script,
             message,
             module_failure_policy,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
         );
         let mut activity = ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::NoEventDispatch;
         for work in planned_failure_work {
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
                     self.report_window_error_body_best_effort(
                         &task.message,
                         task.filename.as_deref(),
-                        task.error_constructor,
+                        task.error_value,
                     );
                     activity = ScriptTerminalBodyActivity::EventDispatchAttempted;
                 }
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         self.report_window_script_failure_and_checkpoint_for_test(
             &task.message,
             task.filename.as_deref(),
-            task.error_constructor,
+            task.error_value,
         );
     }
 
@@ -254,12 +254,12 @@ impl ScriptVm {
         &mut self,
         message: &str,
         filename: Option<&str>,
-        error_constructor: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind>,
+        error_value: Option<crate::types::ScriptErrorValue>,
     ) {
         if let Err(error) = self.report_window_error_and_finish_synchronous_checkpoint(
             message,
             filename,
-            error_constructor,
+            error_value,
             "test-only Window error",
         ) {
             self.record_runtime_warning(format_args!(
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/browser_api/promise_rejection.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/browser_api/promise_rejection.rs
index 697fa54c67..20a9179c7c 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/browser_api/promise_rejection.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/browser_api/promise_rejection.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 use super::*;
 
+#[test]
+fn rejection_notification_rechecks_handlers_added_by_an_earlier_notification() {
+    let mut vm = new_storage_test_vm("https://promise-notification-batch.test/");
+    vm.eval(
+        r#"
+        globalThis.__notifications = [];
+        const first = Promise.reject('first');
+        const second = Promise.reject('second');
+        onunhandledrejection = event => {
+            __notifications.push(event.reason);
+            event.preventDefault();
+            if (event.promise === first) second.catch(() => {});
+        };
+        onrejectionhandled = () => __notifications.push('rejectionhandled');
+    "#,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    vm.eval("0").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        vm.eval("JSON.stringify(__notifications)").unwrap(),
+        r#"["first"]"#
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn main_window_unhandled_rejection_dispatches_to_main_window() {
     let mut vm = new_storage_test_vm("https://main-promise-rejection.test/");
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/script_terminal_completion.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/script_terminal_completion.rs
index db8ac7f8b1..6d5d7a3d37 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/script_terminal_completion.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/script_terminal_completion.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,47 @@
 use super::*;
 use crate::parser::{PreparedImportMap, PreparedImportMapSource};
 
+#[test]
+fn retained_window_error_body_preserves_identity_without_owning_the_checkpoint() {
+    let mut vm = new_storage_test_vm("https://script-terminal.test/retained.html");
+    vm.eval(
+        r#"
+        globalThis.__errors = [];
+        globalThis.__order = [];
+        addEventListener('error', event => {
+            __errors.push(event.error);
+            __order.push('error');
+            queueMicrotask(() => __order.push('microtask'));
+            event.preventDefault();
+        });
+    "#,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let error = vm
+        .preserve_native_module_load_error(
+            None,
+            crate::module_runtime::ModuleLoadError::new(
+                crate::module_runtime::ModuleLoadStage::Compile,
+                "remembered syntax error",
+            )
+            .with_error_constructor(crate::types::ScriptErrorConstructorKind::SyntaxError),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+    for _ in 0..2 {
+        vm.report_window_error_body(error.message(), Some("module.js"), error.error_value())
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+    assert_eq!(vm.eval_without_microtask_checkpoint_for_test(
+        "[__order.join('|'), __errors[0] === __errors[1], __errors[0] instanceof SyntaxError, Object.hasOwn(__errors[0], 'fileName')].join(',')",
+    ).unwrap(), "error|error,true,true,false");
+    vm.perform_script_task_checkpoint(None).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        vm.eval_without_microtask_checkpoint_for_test("__order.join('|')")
+            .unwrap(),
+        "error|error|microtask|microtask"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn window_error_body_leaves_checkpoint_to_its_carrier() {
     let mut vm = new_storage_test_vm("https://script-terminal.test/body.html");
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/types.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/types.rs
index 0fa9708082..0f4fac3db5 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/types.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/types.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,21 @@ pub(crate) enum ScriptErrorConstructorKind {
     WebAssemblyLinkError,
 }
 
+/// The value carried by script-failure reporting tasks. Constructor metadata
+/// remains a fallback for failures originating in the host; a JavaScript
+/// exception must instead retain its original value in the reporting realm.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum ScriptErrorValue {
+    Constructor(ScriptErrorConstructorKind),
+    Retained(moli_module_script_tree::ModuleExceptionId),
+}
+
+impl From<ScriptErrorConstructorKind> for ScriptErrorValue {
+    fn from(constructor: ScriptErrorConstructorKind) -> Self {
+        Self::Constructor(constructor)
+    }
+}
+
 pub use moli_script::{
     ScriptElementClassificationInput, ScriptPreparationClassificationInput,
     classify_script_preparation,