diff --git a/moli-dom/src/native/document.rs b/moli-dom/src/native/document.rs
index 13f4374f5d..740343bcd9 100644
--- a/moli-dom/src/native/document.rs
+++ b/moli-dom/src/native/document.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ pub struct Document {
     // override execution, but detached/template documents must retain `false`
     // for fragment parsing and serialization even without a window.
     scripting_enabled: bool,
+    design_mode_enabled: bool,
     css_target: Option<NativeNodeId>,
     default_language: Option<Box<str>>,
     source_last_modified_ms: Option<f64>,
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ impl Document {
             quirks_mode: QuirksMode::NoQuirks,
             kind: DocumentKind::Html,
             scripting_enabled,
+            design_mode_enabled: false,
             css_target: None,
             default_language: None,
             source_last_modified_ms: None,
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ impl Document {
             quirks_mode: QuirksMode::NoQuirks,
             kind: DocumentKind::Xml,
             scripting_enabled: true,
+            design_mode_enabled: false,
             css_target: None,
             default_language: None,
             source_last_modified_ms: None,
@@ -144,6 +147,10 @@ impl Document {
         self.scripting_enabled
     }
 
+    pub fn design_mode_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.design_mode_enabled
+    }
+
     pub fn fallback_base_url(&self) -> &Url {
         self.base_url_state.fallback_base_url()
     }
@@ -181,6 +188,10 @@ impl Document {
         self.scripting_enabled = scripting_enabled;
     }
 
+    pub fn set_design_mode_enabled(&mut self, design_mode_enabled: bool) {
+        self.design_mode_enabled = design_mode_enabled;
+    }
+
     pub fn set_css_target(&mut self, target: Option<NativeNodeId>) -> bool {
         if self.css_target == target {
             return false;
diff --git a/moli-dom/src/native/host/document.rs b/moli-dom/src/native/host/document.rs
index 921c88303f..9343479265 100644
--- a/moli-dom/src/native/host/document.rs
+++ b/moli-dom/src/native/host/document.rs
@@ -993,6 +993,15 @@ impl DomHost {
             .map(Document::scripting_enabled)
     }
 
+    pub fn document_design_mode_enabled_for_handle(
+        &self,
+        document_handle: DomHandle,
+    ) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.node(document_handle)
+            .and_then(Node::as_document)
+            .map(Document::design_mode_enabled)
+    }
+
     pub fn document_base_url(&self) -> Option<Url> {
         self.document_base_url_for_handle(self.document_handle())
     }
@@ -1173,6 +1182,25 @@ impl DomHost {
         true
     }
 
+    pub fn set_document_design_mode_enabled_for_handle(
+        &mut self,
+        document_handle: DomHandle,
+        design_mode_enabled: bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let Some(document) = self
+            .node_mut(document_handle)
+            .and_then(|node| node.data_mut().as_document_mut())
+        else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        if document.design_mode_enabled() == design_mode_enabled {
+            return false;
+        }
+        document.set_design_mode_enabled(design_mode_enabled);
+        self.record_mutation(MutationScope::QueryState);
+        true
+    }
+
     pub fn set_document_quirks_mode_for_handle(
         &mut self,
         document_handle: DomHandle,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime.rs
index 5e2275d6bd..e1cd153ec4 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime.rs
@@ -753,7 +753,6 @@ pub(super) struct DocumentRuntime {
     selector_engine: QueryEngine,
     selector_debug: SelectorDebugCounters,
     document: HostDocumentState,
-    design_mode_documents: HashSet<DomHandle>,
     script_execution_control: crate::script_execution_control::RendererScriptExecutionControl,
     author_styles_disabled: bool,
     bypass_content_security_policy: bool,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/dom_facade.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/dom_facade.rs
index c62ffe55b7..953f52434e 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/dom_facade.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/dom_facade.rs
@@ -13,18 +13,14 @@ use html5ever::tree_builder::QuirksMode;
 // selector semantics or orchestrate mutation side effects on their own.
 impl DocumentRuntime {
     pub(crate) fn document_design_mode_enabled(&self, document: DomHandle) -> bool {
-        self.design_mode_documents.contains(&document)
+        self.dom_host
+            .document_design_mode_enabled_for_handle(document)
+            .unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn set_document_design_mode_enabled(&mut self, document: DomHandle, enabled: bool) {
-        if !self.dom_host.node(document).is_some_and(Node::is_document) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if enabled {
-            self.design_mode_documents.insert(document);
-        } else {
-            self.design_mode_documents.remove(&document);
-        }
+        self.dom_host
+            .set_document_design_mode_enabled_for_handle(document, enabled);
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn snapshot_document(&self) -> NativeDom {
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/runtime_core.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/runtime_core.rs
index 02cc9ae4e2..ed7772edaf 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/runtime_core.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/document_runtime/runtime_core.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ impl DocumentRuntime {
             selector_engine: QueryEngine,
             selector_debug: SelectorDebugCounters::default(),
             document,
-            design_mode_documents: HashSet::new(),
             script_execution_control: Default::default(),
             author_styles_disabled: false,
             bypass_content_security_policy: false,
@@ -206,7 +205,6 @@ impl DocumentRuntime {
             selector_engine: _,
             selector_debug: _,
             document: _,
-            design_mode_documents: _,
             script_execution_control: _,
             author_styles_disabled: _,
             bypass_content_security_policy: _,
diff --git a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/dom_xhr/shadow_dom.rs b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/dom_xhr/shadow_dom.rs
index 1f636adadb..0a1e5a7919 100644
--- a/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/dom_xhr/shadow_dom.rs
+++ b/moli-renderer-v8/src/script_vm/tests/dom_xhr/shadow_dom.rs
@@ -2045,25 +2045,42 @@ fn document_design_mode_controls_content_editable_without_crossing_shadow_roots(
   const inside = document.createElement('span');
   root.appendChild(inside);
   document.body.append(inherited, disabled);
-  const before = [document.designMode, inherited.isContentEditable].join(':');
+  const before = [
+    document.designMode,
+    inherited.isContentEditable,
+    inherited.matches(':read-write'),
+    inherited.matches(':read-only')
+  ].join(':');
   document.designMode = 'ON';
   const enabled = [
     document.designMode,
     inherited.isContentEditable,
     disabled.isContentEditable,
-    inside.isContentEditable
+    inside.isContentEditable,
+    inherited.matches(':read-write'),
+    inherited.matches(':read-only'),
+    disabled.matches(':read-write'),
+    inside.matches(':read-write')
   ].join(':');
   document.designMode = 'invalid';
   const afterInvalid = document.designMode;
   document.designMode = 'off';
-  const disabledAgain = [document.designMode, inherited.isContentEditable].join(':');
+  const disabledAgain = [
+    document.designMode,
+    inherited.isContentEditable,
+    inherited.matches(':read-write'),
+    inherited.matches(':read-only')
+  ].join(':');
   return [before, enabled, afterInvalid, disabledAgain].join('|');
 })()
 "#,
         )
         .expect("Document designMode contenteditable probe should evaluate");
 
-    assert_eq!(result, "off:false|on:true:false:false|on|off:false");
+    assert_eq!(
+        result,
+        "off:false:false:true|on:true:false:false:true:false:false:false|on|off:false:false:true"
+    );
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/moli-selector/src/lib.rs b/moli-selector/src/lib.rs
index ae9ac3eaa8..717285c79c 100644
--- a/moli-selector/src/lib.rs
+++ b/moli-selector/src/lib.rs
@@ -1482,6 +1482,33 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn dom_api_selectors_design_mode_marks_connected_elements_read_write() {
+        let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.test/").unwrap();
+        let mut host = DomHost::from_dom(NativeDom::new_html(url));
+        host.reset_html_document_shell();
+        let body = host.document_body_handle().unwrap();
+        let paragraph = host.create_element("p");
+        let blocked = host.create_element("div");
+        assert!(host.set_attribute(blocked, "contenteditable", "false"));
+        let detached = host.create_element("section");
+        assert!(host.append_child(body, paragraph));
+        assert!(host.append_child(body, blocked));
+        assert!(host.set_document_design_mode_enabled_for_handle(host.document_handle(), true));
+
+        let engine = QueryEngine;
+        assert!(
+            engine
+                .matches_host(&host, paragraph, ":read-write")
+                .unwrap()
+        );
+        assert!(!engine.matches_host(&host, paragraph, ":read-only").unwrap());
+        assert!(!engine.matches_host(&host, blocked, ":read-write").unwrap());
+        assert!(engine.matches_host(&host, blocked, ":read-only").unwrap());
+        assert!(!engine.matches_host(&host, detached, ":read-write").unwrap());
+        assert!(engine.matches_host(&host, detached, ":read-only").unwrap());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn dom_api_selectors_lang_uses_nearest_language_attribute() {
         let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.test/").unwrap();
diff --git a/moli-selector/src/stylo/query/pseudo.rs b/moli-selector/src/stylo/query/pseudo.rs
index 88ff2f493b..e3e05d2c56 100644
--- a/moli-selector/src/stylo/query/pseudo.rs
+++ b/moli-selector/src/stylo/query/pseudo.rs
@@ -344,13 +344,19 @@ impl<'a> QueryElement<'a> {
     pub(super) fn is_editable(self) -> bool {
         let mut current = Some(self.handle);
         while let Some(handle) = current {
-            if let Some(element) = self.host.node(handle).and_then(Node::as_element)
+            let Some(node) = self.host.node(handle) else {
+                return false;
+            };
+            if let Some(document) = node.as_document() {
+                return document.design_mode_enabled();
+            }
+            if let Some(element) = node.as_element()
                 && let Some(value) = element.attribute("contenteditable")
                 && let Some(is_editable) = contenteditable_value_is_editable(value)
             {
                 return is_editable;
             }
-            current = self.host.node(handle).and_then(Node::parent_node);
+            current = node.parent_node();
         }
         false
     }